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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: stā- 'to stand'

Semantic Field: to Stand

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Breton:	sevell	vb	to stand	GED
Cornish:	sevell	vb	to stand	GED
Welsh:	sefyll	vb	to stand	GED
Old Irish:	siss-	vb	to stand up	GED
	tair-(s)issim	vb	to remain standing	LRC
	taman	n	tree trunk	GED
	-tāu	vb.1.sg	I am	GED
	-tō	vb.1.sg	I am	GED
Middle Irish:	samaigim	vb	to set down	GED
English
Old English:	ge-steald	n.str.neut	dwelling	GED
	hæg-steald	n.str.neut	bachelor, youth, servant	GED
	hagu-steald	n.str.neut	bachelor, youth, servant	GED
	stæf	n.masc	staff	W7
	stæþ	n.masc/neut	bank	GED
	stāll	n.str.neut	place	GED
	stamn/stemn	n.masc	stem	GED
	standan	vb	to stand	GED
	staþol	n.str.masc	staddle	GED
	stealdan	vb.str.VII	to possess	GED
	steall	n.masc	stall, place (e.g. in barn/stable)	GED
	stēda	n.masc	steed, stallion, camel	W7
	stede	n.masc	stead, site, location	GED
	stefn	n.masc	stem; prow, stern	LRC
	stellan	vb	to place	GED
	stēor-	pfx	steering	W7
	stēor	n.masc	steer, young ox/bull	W7
	stēor-bord	n.neut	starboard, lit. stear(ing)-board	LRC
	stīeran	vb	to steer	W7
	stirc	n.neut	calf, young bull/cow	W7
	stōd	n.neut	stud (horse); herd of horses	GED
	stōl	n.masc	stool, chair	GED
	stōw	n.str.fem	place	LRC
	stōwian	vb	to restrain	GED
	studu	n.fem	stud, post, pillar	W7
	stund	n.fem	stound	W7
	understanden	vb	to understand, observe	W7/ASD
Middle English:	apostasie	n	apostasy	W7
	aresten	vb	to arrest	W7
	bested	vb.ptc	placed, situated	W7
	circumstance	n	circumstance	W7
	conestable	n	constable	W7
	constant	adj	constant	W7
	costen	vb	to cost	W7
	destinen	vb	to destine	W7
	destitute	adj	destitute	W7
	distant	adj	distant	W7
	establissen	vb	to establish	W7
	estat	n	estate	W7
	extasie	n	ecstasy	W7
	instant	n	instant	W7
	instituten	vb	to institute	W7
	obstacle	n	obstacle	W7
	obstinate	adj	obstinate	W7
	post	n	post (in the ground)	W7
	resisten	vb	to resist	W7
	restive	adj	restive	W7
	restoren	vb	to restore	W7
	solstice	n	solstice	W7
	stable	n	stable	W7
	stacioun	n	station	W7
	stadeling	n	starling	W7
	stage	n	stage	W7
	stall	n	stall	W7
	stanchon	n	stanchion	W7
	standen	vb	to stand	W7
	stat	n	state	W7
	stathel	n	base, framework, foundation	W7
	statue	n	statue	W7
	stature	n	stature	W7
	statute	n	statute	W7
	staunchen	n	to stanch	W7
	stayen	vb	to stay	W7
	sted(e)	n	stead, place; farm	W7
	steden	vb	to place	W7
	steer	n	young ox	W7
	stem	n	stem	W7
	steren	vb	to steer	W7
	stern	n	stern	W7
	stirk	n	young bull/cow	W7
	stith(y)	n	anvil	W7
	stod(e)	n	stud	W7
	stoic	n	stoic	W7
	stool	n	stool	W7
	storen	vb	to store	W7
	stound	n	time, while	W7
	stowe	n	place	W7
	stowen	vb	to place	W7
	substance	n	substance	W7
	substitute	n	substitute	W7
	supersticion	n	superstition	W7
	understanden	vb	to understand	W7
English:	apostasy	n	renunciation of religious faith	AHD/W7
	armistice	n	truce, temporary suspension of hostilities	AHD/W7
	arrest	vb.trans	to halt, bring to a stop	AHD/W7
	assist	vb	to give aid/support	AHD/W7
	astatine	n	radioactive halogen element	AHD/W7
	astylar	adj	having no columns/pilasters	AHD/W7
	bestead	adj	placed, situated	AHD/W7
	catastasis	n	complication immediately prior to climax of play	AHD/W7
	circumstance	n	fact/event/condition conditioning/determining/accompanying another	AHD/W7
	consist	vb.intrans	to lie, reside	AHD/W7
	constable	n	high officer of medieval noble/royal household	AHD/W7
	constant	adj	steadfast, resolute	AHD/W7
	constitute	vb.trans	to appoint to office/function/dignity	AHD/W7
	contrast	vb	to oppose/compare	AHD/W7
	cost	vb	to require specified payment/expenditure	AHD/W7
	desist	vb.intrans	to cease to act/proceed	AHD/W7
	destine	vb.trans	to predetermine	AHD/W7
	destitute	adj	lacking something needed/desirable	AHD/W7
	diastase	n	amylase, mixture of enzymes from malt	AHD/W7
	distant	adj	away, separated in space	AHD/W7
	ecstasy	n	overwhelming delight	AHD/W7
	epistasis	n	suppression of genetic effect by nonallelic gene	AHD/W7
	epistyle	n	architrave	AHD/W7
	establish	vb	to make firm/stable	AHD/W7
	estate	n	state, condition	AHD/W7
	etagere	n	cabinet: tier of open shelves	AHD/W7
	etamine	n	light cotton/worsted fabric with open mesh	AHD/W7
	exist	vb.intrans	to have being (whether material/spiritual)	AHD/W7
	extant	adj	standing out/above	AHD/W7
	histiocyte	n	phagocytic tissue cell	AHD/W7
	hypostasis	n	something that settles at bottom of fluid	AHD/W7
	hypostyle	adj	having roof resting on columns in rows	AHD/W7
	iconostasis	n	screen/partition separating bema from nave in Eastern church	AHD/W7
	insist	vb	to take resolute stand/course	AHD/W7
	instant	adj	urgent, importunate	AHD/W7
	instant	n	moment, infinitesimal space of time	AHD/W7
	instauration	n	restoration after lapse/decay/dilapidation	AHD/W7
	institute	vb.trans	to establish in official position	AHD/W7
	interstice	n	interval, space intervening between things	AHD/W7
	isostasy	n	subjected to same pressure on all sides	AHD/W7
	metastasis	n	change of form/state/position	AHD/W7
	obstacle	n	obstruction, something that opposes/stands in way	AHD/W7
	obstetric	adj	re: childbirth	AHD/W7
	obstinate	adj	resolutely adhering to course/opinion/purpose despite reason/argument/persuasion	AHD/W7
	oust	vb.trans	to dispossess, eject from/deprive of position/property	AHD/W7
	peristyle	n	colonnade surrounding court/building	AHD/W7
	persist	vb.intrans	to go on stubbornly/resolutely despite warning/opposition/importunity	AHD/W7
	post	n	column, pillar, piece of timber/metal fixed in upright position	AHD/W7
	prostate	adj	re: prostate gland	AHD/W7
	prostitute	vb.trans	to offer indiscriminate sexual intercourse for money	AHD/W7
	resist	vb	to withstand force/effect of	AHD/W7
	rest	n	remainder	AHD/W7
	restitute	vb	to restore to former state/position	AHD/W7
	restive	adj	balky, stubbornly resisting control	AHD/W7
	restore	vb.trans	to return, give back	AHD/W7
	solstice	n	point on ecliptic at maximum distance from celestial equator	AHD/W7
	stable	adj	steadfast, fixed, firmly established	AHD/W7
	stable	n	building for domestic animals	AHD/W7
	staddle	n	base for hay/straw stack	AHD/W7
	stage	n	step, one of series of stations/positions one above another	AHD/W7
	stall	n	compartment in a barn/stable	AHD/W7/GED
	stamen	n	microsporophyll of seed plant	AHD/W7
	stance	n	station	AHD/W7
	stanch	vb.trans	to stop/check flow	AHD/W7
	stanchion	n	upright bar/post/support	AHD/W7
	stand	vb	to support oneself erect on feet	AHD/W7
	stanza	n	strophe, division of poem	AHD/W7
	starets	n	spiritual director/religious teacher/counselor in Eastern Orthodox Church	AHD/W7
	starling	n	protecting structure of piles around bridge pier	AHD/W7
	stasis	n	slowing/stoppage of normal body fluid flow	AHD/W7
	-stat	n.sfx	stabilizing agent/device	AHD/W7
	state	n	mode/condition of being	AHD/W7
	static	adj	exerting force via weight alone, without motion	AHD/W7
	statice	n	thrift, sea lavender	AHD/W7
	station	n	place/position where someone/something is assigned to stand/remain	AHD/W7
	statistics	n	mathematics dealing with collection/analysis/interpretation and presentation of numeric data	AHD/W7
	stato-	pfx	resting	AHD/W7
	stator	n	stationary machine part in/about which rotor revolves	AHD/W7
	statue	n	person/animal likeness modeled/sculptured in solid substance	AHD/W7
	stature	n	natural height (of person) in upright position	AHD/W7
	statute	n	law enacted by legislative branch of government	AHD/W7
	staurolite	n	iron aluminum silicate mineral in prismatic orthorhombic crystals	AHD/W7
	stay	vb	to pause, stop going forward	AHD/W7
	stead	n	place, locality	AHD/W7
	steed	n	horse	AHD/W7
	steer	n	male bovine castrated before sexual maturity	AHD/W7
	steer	vb	to direct course	AHD/W7
	stem	n	main trunk of tree/other plant	AHD/W7
	stern	n	rear end of boat	AHD/W7
	stet	vb.trans	to let stand, annotate signalling retention	AHD/W7
	stirk	n	young bull/cow	AHD/W7
	stithy	n	anvil; smithy	AHD/W7
	stoa	n	ancient Greek portico with front colonnade offering sheltered promenade	AHD/W7
	stoic	n	adherent of stoicism	AHD/W7
	stoicism	n	philosophical school founded by Zeno of Citium ca. 300 BC	LRC
	stool	n	short chair without back/arms supported by legs/central pedestal	AHD/W7
	store	vb.trans	to supply, furnish	AHD/W7
	stound	n	time, while	AHD/W7
	stow	vb.trans	to lodge, house	AHD/W7
	stud	n	scantling, upright in building wall for fastening sheathing/paneling/lath	AHD/W7
	stud	n	animal, esp. horse, kept for breeding	AHD/W7
	stylite	n	Christian ascetic living atop pillar	AHD/W7
	subsist	vb	to be, have existence	AHD/W7
	substance	n	essence, essential nature	AHD/W7
	substitute	n	person/thing that takes another's place	AHD/W7
	superstition	n	belief/practice resulting from chance/ignorance/trust in magic/fear of unknown	AHD/W7
	system	n	interacting/interdependent set of items forming unified whole	AHD/W7
	understand	vb	to comprehend, grasp meaning of	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	gi-stuomi	adj	quiet	GED
	hagu-stalt	n	bachelor, youth, servant	GED
	Hagu-stolt	prop.n	Hagu-stolt	GED
	pfosto	n	post	W7
	stad	n.str.masc	bank	GED
	stadal	n.str.masc	site, shed	GED
	stal	n.str.masc	barn, stall, place	GED
	stām	vb	to stand	GED
	stam	n.str.masc	stem	GED
	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stantan	vb.str	to stand	GED
	stat	n.str.fem	site, location, (home)stead	GED
	stāti	adj	established, firm, steady	GED
	stedir	n	landing place	GED
	stellan	vb	to place	GED
	stēn	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stior	n	steer, young ox	W7
	stouwen	vb.wk	to accuse, command	GED
	stūa-tago	n.str.masc	last judgment	GED
	stūēn	vb.wk	to repent	GED
	stunta	n	time, hour	W7
	stuol	n.str.masc	stool, chair	GED
	stuot	n.str.fem	stud, herd of horses for breeding, mare	GED
German:	Hagestolz	n	bachelor, youth, servant	GED
	Staden	n	land	GED
	Statistik	n	study of political facts/figures	W7
	stehen	vb	to stand	LRC
	ungestüm	adj	vehement	GED
Old Saxon:	hagastold/hagustald	n	bachelor, youth, servant	GED
	stadal	n.masc.str	site, shed	GED
	stað	n	bank	GED
	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	standan	vb	to stand	GED
	stedi	n	site, location, (home)stead	GED
	stellian	vb	to place	GED
	stēn	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stōl	n	chair	GED
Middle Low German:	stēde	adj	firm, constant	GED
	stōd/stōt	n	corral; pen	GED
	stouwen	vb.wk	to heap up	GED
	stōwen	vb.wk	to heap up	GED
	stūwen	vb.wk	to heap up	GED
Old Frisian:	stal	n.str.masc	barn	GED
	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	sted	n	site, location, (home)stead	GED
	steth	n	bank	GED
	stō	n	place	GED
	stōð	n	stud	GED
	stōl	n	stool, chair	GED
	stonda	vb	to stand	GED
N-Germanic
Runic:	Hagu-stadaz	prop.n	Hagu-stadaz	GED
	Hagu-staldaz	prop.n	Hagu-staldaz	GED
	Hagu-staldiz	prop.n	Hagu-staldiz	GED
Old Norse:	staðr	n.masc	place, spot, dwelling; part; way, respect	LRC
	standa	vb	to stand (firm), be in a place; weigh	LRC
	steþi	n	anvil; smithy	W7
	stjōrn	n	act of steering	W7
	stórr	adj	great, huge	LRC
	stund	n.fem	(period of) time; hour	LRC
	styðja(dd)	vb	to (provide with/use as) support; stab/pierce from all sides	LRC
	stýra(ð)	vb	to steer, direct; wield, own	LRC
Old Icelandic:	eld-stō	n.fem	hearth	GED
	hag-stœðr	adj	fair, favorable	GED
	hauk-staldr	n.str.masc	chieftain	GED
	(hug-)stœðr	adj	firm	GED
	hug-stœðr	adj	steadfast, fixed in one's mind	GED
	staðr	n.masc	site, location, (home)stead	GED
	stāl	n.str.neut	granary	GED
	stallr	n	scaffold, crib	GED
	standa	vb	to stand	GED
	stōð	n	standard, stud of horses	GED
	stōll	n	stool, chair	GED
	stǫð	n.fem	place of landing	GED
	stǫðull	n.str.masc	stall	GED
	stœða	vb.wk	to make stand, confirm; bring to a standstill	GED
	-stœðr	vb.ger	standing firmly	GED
Norwegian:	hog-stall	n.masc	bachelor	GED
	stad	n	bank of river	GED
Danish:	staa	vb	to stand	GED
Swedish:	hog-stall	n.masc	bachelor	GED
	stå	vb	to stand	GED
E-Germanic
Gothic:	ana-stodeins	n.fem	beginning	GED
	*anda-staþjis	n.masc	adversary	GED
	and-stald	n.neut	additional supply, aid	GED
	standan	vb.str.VI	to stand	GED
	staþs	n.str.masc	place, region; land	GED
	staua	n.fem	judgment, charge	GED
	stojan	vb.wk.I	to judge	GED
	stols	n.masc	stool, chair, throne	GED
	*stoma	n	confidence, substance	GED
	*unga-stoþs	adj	homeless	GED
Crimean Gothic:	statz	n	land	GED
	stul	n	stool, chair	GED
Italic
Old Latin:	stlocus	n.masc	place	W7
Latin:	arma	n.neut.pl	weapons	W7
	assisto, assistere	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	caelestis, caelestis, caeleste	adj	celestial	LRC
	circumstans	vb.pres.ptc	standing around	W7
	circumstant-	stem	standing around	W7
	circumstantia	n.fem	circumstance	W7
	circumsto, circumstare	vb	to stand around	W7
	consisto, consistere	vb	to stand still, stop	W7
	constans	adj/vb.ptc	constant, still	W7
	constant-	stem	constant, still	W7
	constituo, constituere	vb	to set up, constitute	W7
	constitutus	vb.ptc	decided, set up	W7
	consto, constare	vb	to stand firm, be consistent	W7
	desisto, desistere	vb	to withdraw	W7
	destino, destināre	vb	to fix, designate	W7
	destituo, destituere	vb	to abandon, deprive	W7
	destitutus	vb.ptc	deprived, abandoned	W7
	distans, distantis	adj/vb.ptc	distant, away	W7
	disto, distare	vb	to stand apart	W7
	epistylium	n.neut	epistyle	W7
	exsisto, exsistere	vb	to come into being, exist	W7
	exstans, exstantis	adj/vb.ptc	extant, existing	W7
	exsto, exstare	vb	to stand out, be in existence	W7
	insisto, insistere	vb	to stand upon, persist	W7
	instans, instantis	vb.pres.ptc	standing upon, urging	W7
	instauratio	n.fem	instauration, setting up	W7
	instauratus	vb.ptc	instaured, set up	W7
	instauro, instaurāre	vb	to renew, restore	W7
	instituo, instituere	vb	to set up, institute	W7
	institutus	vb.ptc	set up, instituted	W7
	insto, instāre	vb	to stand upon, urge	W7
	intersisto, intersistere	vb	to stand still in the middle	W7
	interstitus	vb.ptc	separated at intervals	W7
	locus	n.masc	place	W7
	obstaculum	n.neut	obstacle	W7
	obstetrix, obstetricis	n.fem	midwife	W7
	obstinatus, obstinata, obstinatum	adj	obstinate	LRC
	obstinatus	vb.ptc	resolved	W7
	obstino, obstināre	vb	to be resolved	W7
	obsto, obstāre	vb	to stand in the way, stand in front	W7
	peristylum	n.neut	peristyle	W7
	persisto, persistere	vb	to remain, persist	W7
	postis	n.masc	door(post); organ of sight	W7
	prostituo, prostituere	vb	to expose, to prostitute	W7
	prostitutus	vb.ptc	prostituted	W7
	resisto, resistere	vb	to resist	W7
	restauro, restaurare	vb	to renew, rebuild	W7
	restitutus	vb.ptc	restored	W7
	resto, restare	vb	to rest, remain, stand back	W7
	sisto, sistere	vb	to stand, stop	W7
	solstitium	n.neut	solstice	W7
	stabiliō, stabilīre, stabilīvī, stabilītus	vb	to establish, confirm	LRC
	stabilis, stabilis, stabile	adj	stable	LRC
	stabulum	n.neut	stable, stall	GED
	stāmen	n.neut	thread, warp in weaving	GED
	stans, stantis	vb.pres.ptc	standing	W7
	statio, statiōnis	n.fem	station, guard, act of standing	GED
	stator	n.masc	one that stands	W7
	statua	n.fem	statue	W7
	statuo, statuere	vb	to set up	W7
	statura, staturae	n.fem	stature, height	LRC
	statura	n.fem	stature	W7
	status	n.masc	state	W7
	status	vb.ptc	placed, standing	GED
	statutus, statutum	vb.ptc	decided	W7
	sterilis	adj	sterile	W7
	-stitium	sfx	suspension	W7
	sto, stāre, steti, statum	vb	to stand, abide	LRC
	stoicus	adj	of the Stoic philosophers	W7
	subsisto, subsistere	vb	to come to a halt, remain	W7
	substans	adj/vb.ptc	standing under, consisting of	W7
	substant-	stem	standing under, consisting of	W7
	substantia	n.fem	substance	W7
	substituo, substituere	vb	to put in place of	W7
	substitutus	vb.ptc	substituted	W7
	substo, substare	vb	to stand under, consist of	W7
	superstes, superstitis	adj	standing over (as witness/survivor)	W7
	superstitio, superstitionis	n.fem	superstition, prophesy	W7
Vulgar Latin:	arresto, arrestare	vb	to arrest	W7
	contrasto, contrastare	vb	to contrast, oppose	W7
	stantia	n.fem	a stay	W7
	stantico, stanticāre	vb	to stanch	W7
	staticum	adj.neut	standing still	W7
Late Latin:	ecstasis	n.fem	ecstasy	W7
	hypostasis	n.fem	hypostasis, settling, substance	W7
	interstitium	n.neut	interstice	W7
	metastasis	n.fem	transition	W7
	obsto, obstāre	vb	to ward off, be an obstacle	W7
	statutum	n.neut	law, regulation	W7
	subsisto, subsistere	vb	to exist	W7
	systema, systematis	n.neut	system	W7
Middle Latin:	gastaldio	n	steward (of the royal estates), governor (of a district)	GED
	gastaldius	n	steward (of the royal estates), governor (of a district)	GED
	kastaldis	n	steward (of the royal estates), governor (of a district)	GED
Medieval Latin:	instans, instantis	adj/vb.ptc	standing	W7
New Latin:	armistitium	n.neut	armistice, truce	W7
	epistasis	n.fem	suppression of the effect of a gene	W7
	hypostasis	n.fem	something that settles at the bottom of a fluid	W7
	metastasis	n.fem	change of position, state or form	W7
	obstetricus	adj	relating to childbirth	W7
	prostata	n.fem	prostate gland	W7
	-stata	sfx	to stand, pause	W7
	staticus	adj	immobile	W7
	statisticus	adj	of political facts and figures	W7
Italian:	stanza	n.fem	room, habitation	W7
Old French:	conestable	n.masc	constable	W7
	destiner	vb	to destine	W7
	estable	n.fem	barn	W7
	estage	n.masc	stage	W7
	estance	n.fem	stay, prop	W7
	estanchon	n.masc	prop	W7
	estat	n.masc	estate, state	W7
	estorer	vb	to construct, restore, store	W7
	oster	vb	to take away, to oust away	W7
	restorer	vb	to restore, give back	W7
	solstice	n.masc	solstice	W7
	stature	n.fem	stature	W7
	statut	n.masc	statute, decision	W7
	substance	n.fem	substance	W7
Anglo-French:	ouster	vb	to expulse	W7
Middle French:	arester	vb	to rest, arrest	W7
	assister	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	circumstance	n.fem	circumstance	W7
	consist	vb	to consist	W7
	consister	vb	to consist	W7
	constant	adj	constant	W7
	contraster	vb	to oppose, resist	W7
	contrester	vb	to control	W7
	coster	vb	to cost	W7
	desister	vb	to desist	W7
	distant	adj	distant	W7
	establir	vb	to settle down, to settle	W7
	establiss-	stem	to settle down, to settle	W7
	estance	n.fem	position, posture, stay	W7
	estancher	vb	to quench	W7
	estanchon	n.masc	pond	W7
	ester	vb	to stand, stay	W7
	extasie	n.fem	ecstasy, delight	W7
	insister	vb	to insist	W7
	instant	adj	urging	W7
	obstacle	n.masc	obstacle	W7
	persister	vb	to persist	W7
	résister	vb	to resist	W7
	reste	n.masc	the rest	W7
	rester	vb	to remain	W7
	restive	adj	restive	W7
	station	n.fem	station, stop	W7
	statue	n.fem	statue	W7
	supersticion	n.fem	superstition, pagan belief	W7
French:	armistice	n.masc	armistice, final truce in a war	W7
	assister	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	contraster	vb	to contrast	W7
	diastase	n.fem	proteic catalyser	W7/R1
	étagère	n.fem	shelf	W7
	étamine	n.fem	stamen, muslin	W7
	interstice	n.masc	interstice, space in between	W7
	péristyle	n.masc	peristyle, space encircled by columns	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	staldis	n	stall	GED
	stalis	n	table	GED
Lithuanian:	pastõlas	n	stand (as for beehives)	GED
	stačiaĩ	adv	straight	LRC
	stãčias	vb.ger	standing	GED
	stãlas	n	table, workbench	GED
	stal̃das	n	stall	GED
	statýti	vb	to place	GED
	statùs	vb.ger	standing	GED
	stomuõ	n	stature	GED
	stóti	vb	to stand (up), place oneself	GED
	stovà	n	place	GED
	stõvai	n	loom for weaving	GED
	stovėti	vb	to stand	GED
	stõvis	n	state	GED
Latvian:	atstāt, atstāju, atstāju	vb	to leave, depart, abandon	LRC
	stāli	n	loom	GED
	stal̃lis	n	stall	GED
	stāmen	n	body, torso	GED
	stāvēt, stāvu, stāvēju	vb	to stand	LRC
	stāvi	n	loom	GED
	stâvs	n	figure, standing	GED
	stāvs	n.masc	stature, figure, frame	LRC
Slavic
Old Slavic:	stolŭ	n	seat, throne	W7
Old Church Slavonic:	po-statь	n	part, manner	GED
	stavъ	n	stand	GED
	stati, stanǫ, staneši	vb	to stand, place oneself	LRC
	stolъ	n.masc	seat, throne	LRC
	stojati	vb	to stand	GED
Russian:	staryĭ	adj	old	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	shton	vb	to augment, increase	LRC
Hellenic
Doric:	ἵστᾱμι	vb	to place, make to stand	GED
Aeolic:	στωία	n	hall with columns	GED
Greek:	ἀνίστημι	vb	to rise	LRC
	ἀπίστημι	vb	to leave, depart	LRC
	ἀποκαθίστημι	vb	to restore	LRC
	apostasia	n.fem	revolt	W7
	astatos	adj	unsteady	W7
	aphistasthai	vb	to revolt	W7
	diastasis	n.fem	separation	W7
	δι-ίστημι	vb	to strive, separate	LRC
	ekstasis	n.fem	ecstasy	W7
	existanai	vb	to derange	W7
	ἐξίστημι	vb	to be amazed	LRC
	ἐπίσταμαι	vb.dep	to know	LRC
	epistasis	n.fem	act of stopping	W7
	ἕστηκα	vb.perf	to stand	GED
	ἔστην	vb.aor	stood	GED
	ephistanai	vb	to stop	W7
	ἐφίστημι	vb	to appear, stand up	LRC
	histanai	vb	to cause to stand	W7
	histasthai	vb	to stand	W7
	ἵστημι	vb	to put, place, (cause to) stand	LRC
	histion	n.neut	sail	W7
	histos	n.masc	mast	W7
	kathistanai	vb	to set in order	W7
	katastasis	n.fem	settlement	W7
	methistanai	vb	to change	W7
	μεθίστημι	vb	to move	LRC
	metastasis	n.fem	metastasis	W7
	peristylos	adj	surrounded by a colonnade	W7
	proïstanai	vb	to put in front	W7
	prostatēs	n.masc	chief, leader	W7
	στάμνος	n	wine-jar	GED
	στάσις	n.fem	station; standing, stopping	GED
	-statēs	afx	standing still	W7
	statikos	adj	causing to stand	W7
	στατός	adj	placed, standing	GED
	staturos	n.masc	cross	W7
	stauros	n.masc	stake	W7
	stellein	vb	to set up	W7
	στήμων	n.masc	thread, warp in weaving	GED
	στοά	n.fem	portico, hall with columns	GED
	Stoa	prop.n.fem	Portico at Athens where Stoic philosophers taught	W7
	stylos	n.masc	column	W7
	stōïkos	adj	of the portico, of the Stoic philosphers	W7
	synistanai	vb	to combine	W7
	systēma	n.neut	a whole compounded of parts, composition, system	W7/LS
	systēmat-	stem	a whole compounded of parts, composition, system	W7/LS
	hypostasis	n.fem	support, foundation, substance, sediment	W7
	hypostylos	adj	hypostyle	W7
	hyphistasthai	vb	to stand under, support	W7
Late Greek:	stylitēs	n.masc	stylite, hermite who lives on a pillar	W7
Medieval Greek:	eikonostasis	n.fem	crisis about the images	W7
Anatolian
Hittite:	istanta-	vb	to stay, delay	GED
	istap(p)-	vb	to cover	GED
	tittanu-	vb	to set up	GED
Armenian
Armenian:	stanam	vb	to acquire, buy at auction	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	hištaiti	vb	to stand	GED
	stāitiš	n	station	GED
	stū̆nā	n.fem	pillar	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	ásthām	vb.past	stood	GED
	tíṣṭhati	vb	to stand	GED
	sthavira	adj	stout, thick, broad	W7
	sthā́tar-	n	guide (of horses and wagons)	GED
	sthātár-	adj	that which endures, is firm	GED
	sthātrám	n	location, abode	GED
	sthā́ma	n.neut	position, strength	GED
	sthitás	adj	placed, standing	GED
	sthítiṣ	n	station	GED
	sthitíṣ	n	station	GED
	sthū́ṇā	n	pillar	GED
	sthūra	adj	stout, thick, broad	W7
	sthūrás	adj	big	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	ṣtām	n	tree	GED
Tocharian B:	stām	n	tree	GED
	stāre	vb.3.pl	are	GED
	ste	vb.3.sg	is	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
1	=	1st person
3	=	3rd person
I	=	class 1
VI	=	class 6
VII	=	class 7
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
afx	=	affix
aor	=	aorist (tense)
cont	=	contraction
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
ger	=	gerund(ive)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
past	=	past (tense)
perf	=	perfect (aspect)
pfx	=	prefix
pl	=	plural (number)
pres	=	present (tense)
prop	=	proper
ptc	=	participle
sfx	=	suffix
sg	=	singular (number)
stem	=	stem
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th ed. (1889, rev. 2001)
R1	=	Josette Rey-Debove and Alain Rey, eds. Le Nouveau Petit Robert (1993)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)