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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: steigh- 'to climb, ascend; stride, march'

Semantic Fields: to Rise; to Walk

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	gestīgan, gestāh, gestigon, gestigen	vb.str.I	to mount, ascend	LRC
	stǣger	n.fem	stair(case)	W7
	stīgan, stāh, stigon, stigen	vb.str.I	to rise, ascend	LRC
	stigel	n.fem	stile	W7
	stīgend	n.masc	sty	W7
	stigrāp	n.masc	stirrup	W7
	stihtan	vb.wk	to stickle, arrange	W7/ASD
Middle English:	steir	n	stair(case)	W7
	stighten	vb	to stickle, arrange	W7
	stightlen	vb.freq	stickle	W7
	stile	n	stile	W7
	stirop	n	stirrup	W7
	styan	n	sty	W7
English:	acrostic	n	composition where initial/final letters of lines form word/phrase/sequence	AHD/W7
	cadastre	n	official register of real estate value/quantity/ownership	AHD/W7
	distich	n	strophic unit: two lines	AHD/W7
	hemistich	n	poetic half-verse	AHD/W7
	pentastich	n	poem/stanza with five lines	AHD
	stair	n	flight/series of steps from level to level	AHD/W7
	stich	n	line of verse	AHD
	stichometry	n	division of prose into fixed-length lines	AHD
	stichomythia	n	dialogue of dispute/altercation in alternating lines	AHD/W7
	stickle	vb.intrans	to contend stubbornly on insufficient grounds	AHD/W7
	stickler	n	one who stickles, insists on exactness/completeness	LRC
	stile	n	(set of) steps for getting over fence/wall	AHD/W7
	stirrup	n	ring used as foot support while riding	AHD/W7
	stoichiometry	n	branch of chemical science	AHD/W7
	sty	n	inflamed sebaceous gland swelling at eyelid margin	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	stīga	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
	stīge	n	score, twenty pieces	LRC
Dutch:	steeg	n	lane	TLL
	stichten	vb	to arrange; instigate	ASD
	stijgen	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
Old Saxon:	gi-stīgan	vb	to mount, ascend, descend	ASD
	stīgan	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
Old High German:	stegareif	n	stirrup	W7
	stiften	vb	to arrange; instigate	ASD
	stīgan	vb	to rise	W7
	stiglia	n	stile	ASD
German:	Stegreif	n	stirrup	ASD
	Steig	n.masc	hill-climbing	LRC
	steigen	vb	to mount, ascend	ASD
	Stiege	n.fem	staircase; score, twenty pieces	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	stétta	vb	to found, establish	ASD
	stigreip	n	stirrup	ASD
	stíga	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
Norwegian:	sti/stig(je)	n	sty	ASD
Danish:	sti	n	path	TLL
	stige	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
Swedish:	stig	n	path	TLL
	stiga	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	ga-steigan	vb	to ascend, descend	ASD
	steigan	vb	to go, ascend	ASD
Crimean Gothic:	stega	n	score, twenty pieces	CGo
Italic
Latin:	distichon	n.neut	distich	W7
	hemistichium	n.neut	hemistich	W7
Old French:	acrostiche	n	acrostic	AHD
Middle French:	acrostiche	n.masc	acrostic	W7
French:	acrostiche	n.masc	acrostic	AHD
	cadastre	n.masc	cadastre	W7
Old Italian:	catastico	n.masc	cadastre	W7
Italian:	catastro	n.masc	cadastre	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	staigà	adv	suddenly	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	στείχω	vb	to go, move, march, climb	LRC
Greek:	akrostichis	n.fem	acrostic	W7
	distichon	n.neut	distich	W7
	distichos	adj	having two rows	W7
	hēmi-stichion	n.neut	hemistich	W7
	sticho-mythein	vb	to speak dialogue in alternate lines	W7
	sticho-mythia	n.fem	stichomythia	W7
	stichos	n.masc	stich, line, verse	W7
	stoicheion	n	element	W7
Late Greek:	katastichon	n.neut	notebook	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
freq	=	frequentative (aspect)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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