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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. su̯eid- 'to sweat, perspire; sweat'

Semantic Field: Sweat, Perspiration

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	swǣtan	vb.wk	to sweat	W7/ASD
	swāt	n.neut	sweat	W7
Middle English:	sweten	vb	to sweat	W7
English:	exude	vb	to ooze out	AHD/W7
	hidrosis	n	perspiration, excretion of sweat	AHD/W7
	sudatorium	n	sweat room in bath	AHD/W7
	sudoriferous	adj	producing/conveying sweat	AHD/W7
	sudorific	adj	diaphoretic, causing/inducing sweat	AHD/W7
	suint	n	dried perspiration of sheep	AHD/W7
	sweat	n	perspiration; hard work, drudgery	W7
	sweat	vb	to perspire, excrete moisture through skin	AHD/W7
	transude	vb	to exude, pass through membrane/permeable substance	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	swēt	n	sweat	ASD
Dutch:	zweet	n.neut	sweat	ASD
Old Saxon:	swēt	n	sweat	ASD
Old High German:	sweiz	n	sweat	W7
Middle High German:	sweiz	n.masc	sweat, blood	ASD
German:	Schweiss	n.masc	sweat	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	sveita	vb	to sweat	ASD
	sweiti	n.wk.masc	sweat
Danish:	sved	n.masc	sweat	ASD
Swedish:	swett	n.masc	sweat	ASD
Italic
Latin:	exsudo, exsudāre	vb	to exude, sweat out	W7
	sudatorium	n.neut	sudatorium: part of Roman bath	W7
	sudatus	vb.ptc	having sweated	W7
	sūdo, sūdare	vb	to sweat (out)	W7
	sudor	n.masc	sweat	W7
Late Latin:	sudorifer	adj	re: bringing sweat	W7
New Latin:	hidrosis	n.fem	act of sweating	W7
	sudorificus	adj	sudorific	W7
	transudo, transudare	vb	to sweat through	W7
Middle French:	suer	vb	to sweat	W7
	suint	n.masc	sweat of sheep	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἱδρόω	vb	to sweat	LRC
	ἱδρώς	n.masc	sweat	LRC
Greek:	hidrōsis	n.fem	hidrosis	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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