The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: tāg- 'to tidy up'

Semantic Fields: to Sweep; Pure, Clean

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	ataxia	n	confusion, lack of order	AHD/W7
	hypotaxis	n	syntactic subordination (e.g. by conjunction)	AHD/W7
	parataxis	n	placing words/phrases/clauses without connectives	AHD/W7
	syntax	n	connected/orderly system/arrangement	AHD/W7
	tactics	n	art/science of disposing/maneuvering combat forces	AHD/W7
	tagma	n	distinct adjoining arthropod segments	AHD
	taxeme	n	minimal linguistic feature	AHD
	-taxis	n.sfx	order, arrangement	AHD/W7
	taxis	n	manual restoration of displaced body part	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	Taktik	n.fem	tactics	LRC
Italic
Late Latin:	syntaxis	n.fem	syntax	W7
New Latin:	hypotaxis	n.fem	syntactic subordination	W7
	parataxis	n.fem	placment side-by-side	W7
	tactica	n.neut.pl	tactics	W7
	-taxis	sfx	touch, -taxis	W7
French:	syntaxe	n.fem	syntax: study of sentence organization	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	patogus	adj	convenient, comfortable	W7/LD
Hellenic
Greek:	a-taxia	n.fem	disorder	W7
	para-taxis	n.fem	placing side-by-side	W7
	παρα-τάσσω	vb	to place side-by-side	LRC
	syn-taxis	n.fem	syntax	W7
	συν-τάσσω	vb	to arrange together	LRC
	taktika	n.neut.pl	tactics	W7
	taktikos	adj	tactical, re: order	W7
	taxis	n.fem	placing, arrangement, disposition	W7
	τάσσω	vb	to arrange, put in order	LRC
	hypo-taxis	n.fem	subjection	W7
	ὑπο-τάσσω	vb	to arrange under	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LD	=	Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next