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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: tep- 'to be warm, tepid'

Semantic Field: Hot, Warm

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	tene	n	fire (cf. Beltane)	LRC
	tess	n	heat	W7
	tē	adj	hot	LRC
Scots Gaelic:	bealltainn	n	Beltane: May Day	W7/GE
Cornish:	tana	vb	to kindle (fire)	LRC
English
Old English:	þefian	vb	to pant, gasp	LRC
Middle English:	Beltane	prop.n	Beltane	W7
English:	Beltane	prop.n	Celtic May Day festival	LRC
	tapas	n	religious austerity (Hinduism)	AHD
	tepid	adj	lukewarm, moderately warm	AHD/W7
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	þefja, þefjað	vb	to smell	ICE
	þefr	n.masc	smell, odor, aroma; taste, flavor	IEW
Italic
Latin:	tepeo, tepēre	vb	to be tepid	W7
	tepidus	adj	tepid, lukewarm	W7
Slavic
Czech:	teplȳ	adj	warm	LRC
Serbo-Croatian:	tòpiti	vb	to melt	LRC
Old Church Slavonic:	teplъ	adj	warm	LRC
Russian:	tëplyj	adj	warm	LRC
Albanian
Albanian:	ftoh	vb	to make cold, deprive of heat	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	tapašša-	n	fever	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	tafnuš	n	fever	LRC
	tāpaiti	vb	to be warm	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	tapaḥ	n	heat; tapas	AHD
	tápati	vb	to heat, make warm	W7
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	antāpce	n	fire, conflagration	LRC
	tsāp-	vb	to make tepid	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
GE	=	Colin Mark: The Gaelic-English Dictionary (2003)
ICE	=	Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson: An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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