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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. teu- 'to notice, observe, listen to'

Semantic Fields: to Sense, Perceive; Sense; to Listen, Harken

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	þēaw	n.masc	thew; habit, custom, disposition	LRC
Middle English:	thew	n	thew	W7
	tuicioun	n	tuition, protection	W7
	tutor	n	tutor	W7
English:	intuition	n	immediate cognition/apprehension	AHD/W7
	thew	n	sinew, muscle	AHD/W7
	tuition	n	custody, guardianship	AHD/W7
	tutelage	n	guardianship, act of guarding/protecting	AHD/W7
	tutelary	adj	being/serving as guardian/protector	AHD
	tutor	n	person charged with guidance/instruction	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Saxon:	thau	n.masc	custom, usage, general practice	ASD
Old High German:	dau	n.masc	custom, usage, general practice	ASD
	kathau	n	discipline	W7
Italic
Latin:	intueor, intuērī	vb.dep	to look at, contemplate	W7
	intuitus	vb.ptc	looked at, contemplated	W7
	tueor, tuērī	vb.dep	to watch, look at	W7
	tuitiō, tuitiōnis	n.fem	guard, protection	W7
	tuitus	vb.ptc	protected	W7
	tutela	n.fem	guardian, protection	W7
	tutor	n.masc	tutor, protector	W7
	tūtus, tūta, tūtum	adj/vb.ptc	safe, protected	LRC
Late Latin:	intuitio, intuitionis	n.fem	act of contemplating	W7
Old French:	tuicion	n.fem	tuition, protection	W7
Middle French:	tuteur	n.masc	tutor	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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