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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. u̯āt-, better u̯ōt- 'wood, vatic, mentally animated'

Semantic Fields: Mad, Crazy, Insane; Holy, Sacred; Passion

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	fāith	n	seer, poet	W7
English
Old English:	fann	n.fem	fan	W7
	wōd	adj	wood	W7
	Wōden	prop.n.masc	Woden	W7
	wōþ	n.fem	sound, noise; song, poetry	W7
Middle English:	fan/van	n	fan, van	W7
	wood	adj	wood	W7
English:	atmosphere	n	air, gaseous mass enveloping earth	AHD/W7
	fan	n	winnowing device	AHD/W7
	Odin	prop.n	supreme god (Germanic mythology)	LRC
	van	n	winnowing device	AHD/W7
	vatic	adj	oracular, prophetic	AHD/W7
	wedeln	n	snow skiing style: short quick turns	AHD
	Woden	prop.n	Odin	LRC
	wood	adj	mad, insane, violent	AHD/W7
	Wotan	prop.n	Woden	AHD
W-Germanic
Dutch:	wan(ne)	n.fem	fan	ASD
Middle Low German:	Wōdan	prop.n	Woden	ASD
Old High German:	wanna	n.fem	fan	ASD
	wedil	n	fan	AHD
	wuce	adj	mad, rabid, insane	ASD
	wuot	n	madness	W7
	Wuotan	prop.n	Woden	ASD
	wuoto	n.masc	madman, insane person	ASD
Middle High German:	wanne	n.fem	fan	ASD
German:	Atmosphäre	n.fem	atmosphere	CDC
	Wanne	n.fem	fan	ASD
	Wotan	prop.n	Wotan	LRC
	Wut	n.fem	rage, anger	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	Óðinn	prop.n.masc	Odin	LRC
Icelandic:	Óðinn	prop.n	Odin	ASD
	óðr	adj	mad, rabid, insane	ASD
Danish:	atmosfære	n	atmosphere	CDC
	Odin	prop.n	Odin	W7
Swedish:	atmosfer	n	atmosphere	CDC
	vanna	n.fem	fan	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	wōds	adj	mad, rabid, insane	ASD
Italic
Latin:	vannus	n.masc	van, tool	W7
	vates	n.masc	seer, prophet	W7
New Latin:	atmosphaera	n.fem	atmosphere	W7
Portuguese:	atmosphera	n	atmosphere	CDC
Spanish:	atmósfera	n	atmosphere	CDC
Middle French:	van	n.masc	van, winnow	W7
French:	atmosphère	n	atmosphere	CDC
Italian:	atmosfera	n	atmosphere	CDC
Hellenic
Greek:	ἀτμός	n.masc	steam, vapor	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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