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Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. u̯ebh- 'to plait, weave, move back and forth'

Semantic Fields: to Plait; to Weave

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ōwef	n	woof	W7
	wǣfre	adj	restless	W7
	wafian	vb	to wave (with hands)	W7
	webbestre	n.fem	(female) weaver	W7
	webbian	vb	to weave	W7
	wefan	vb	to weave	W7
	wifel	n.masc	weevil, beetle	W7
Middle English:	oof	n	woof	W7
	wafer	n	wafer	W7
	waven	vb	to wave	W7
	waveren	vb	to waver	W7
	web	n	web	W7
	webster	n	webster	W7
	weft	n	weft	W7
	wevel	n	weevil	W7
	weven	vb	to weave	W7
English:	goffer	vb.trans	to flute, crimp	AHD/W7
	hypha	n	one of threads in fungus mycelium	AHD/W7
	wafer	n	thin crisp cake/cracker	AHD/W7
	waffle	n	crisp pancake	AHD/W7
	wave	vb	to flutter, move loosely to/fro, float/play/shake in air	AHD/W7
	waver	vb.intrans	to vacillate, fluctuate in opinion/allegiance/direction	AHD/W7
	weave	vb	to make (cloth) by interlacing strands (of yarn)	AHD/W7
	weave	vb.intrans	to sway, waver from side to side	AHD/W7
	web	n	fabric on/being removed from loom	AHD/W7
	webster	n	weaver	AHD/W7
	weevil	n	small beetle injurious to nuts/fruit/grain/plants	AHD/W7
	weft	n	woof	AHD/W7
	wobble	vb	to move/rock/stagger clumsily/unsteadily side-to-side	AHD/W7
	woof	n	filling thread/yarn in weaving	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	weban	vb	to weave	W7
	wibil	n	weevil	W7
Low German:	wabbeln	vb	to wobble	W7
Middle Dutch:	wafel	n	waffle	W7
	wafer	n	wafer	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	vefr	n	web	W7
	veifa	vb	to wave	W7
	veptr	n	weft, fabric	W7
Old Icelandic:	vefa	vb	to weave	LRC
Italic
French:	gaufrer	vb	to goffer, emboss, corrugate	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ὑφαίνω	vb	to weave	LRC
Greek:	ὑφή	n.fem	web	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	ubdaēna-	adj	made of cloth	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	ubhnā́ti	vb	to tie together	LRC
	vepate	vb	to tremble	W7
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	wāp-	vb	to weave	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)