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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: u̯eidh- 'to separate; widow'

Semantic Field: Widow

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	widuwa	n.masc	widower	W7
	widuwe/wuduwe	n.fem	widow	W7
Middle English:	devisen	vb	to devise	W7
	dividen	vb	to divide	W7
	widewe	n	widow	W7
English:	devise	vb.trans	to invent, form in mind	AHD/W7
	divide	vb	to separate into parts/groups/areas	AHD/W7
	widow	n	woman who lost husband by death	AHD/W7
	widower	n	man who lost wife by death	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	wituwa	n	widow	W7
Italic
Latin:	dīvidō, dīvidere	vb	to divide	W7
	divisus	vb.ptc	divided	W7
	vidua	n.fem	widow	W7
Vulgar Latin:	diviso, divisāre	vb	to devise	W7
Old French:	diviser	vb	to divide	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	vidurỹs	n.masc	inside	LRC
	vidùs	n.masc	inside	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἠίθεος	n.masc	bachelor, unmarried youth	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)