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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: u̯eik̑-, u̯ik̑-, u̯oik̑o- 'house, village, settlement'

Semantic Field: House

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	wīc	n.neut	abode; town, village	W7
Middle English:	baillifwik/bailiewike	n	bailiwick	W7/CDC
	diocise	n	diocese	W7
	parisshe	n	parish	W7
	parochiall	adj	parochial	W7
	vesinage	n	vicinage, vicinity	W7
	vilain	n	villain	W7
	vilein	n	villein	W7
	village	n	village	W7
	wik	n	abode, village	W7
English:	androecium	n	aggregate of microsporophylls in seed-plant flower	AHD/W7
	autoecious	adj	passing all life-cycle stages on same host	AHD/W7
	bailiwick	n	office/jurisdiction of bailiff	AHD/W7
	bidonville	n	shanty town of improvised dwellings	AHD
	diocese	n	territorial jurisdiction of bishop	AHD/W7
	dioecious	adj	with male/female sex organs in different individuals	AHD/W7
	dioicous	adj	having archegonia/antheridia on separate plants	AHD/W7
	ecesis	n	establishment of plant/animal in new habitat	AHD/W7
	ecumenical	adj	general/worldwide in extent/influence/application	AHD/W7
	heteroecious	adj	passing different life-cycle stages on alternate/unrelated hosts	AHD/W7
	monoecious	adj	hermaphroditic, with male/female sex organs in same individual	AHD/W7
	nasty	adj	disgustingly dirty, physically repellent	AHD
	parish	n	ecclesiastical unit committed to one pastor	AHD/W7
	parochial	adj	re: church parish	AHD/W7
	Vaisya	prop.n	upper-caste commercial/agricultural Hindu	LRC
	vicinage	n	vicinity, neighboring/surrounding district	AHD/W7
	vicinity	n	proximity, nearby area	AHD/W7
	villa	n	country estate	AHD/W7
	village	n	settlement larger than hamlet but smaller than town	AHD/W7
	villain	n	villein	AHD/W7
	villanelle	n	(chiefly French) verse form	AHD/W7
	villein	n	free common peasant villager	AHD/W7
	-wich/-wick	n.sfx	abode, village (e.g. Warwick)	LRC
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	wīk	n.fem	abode, village	ASD
Old Saxon:	wīk	n.neut	abode, village	ASD
Old High German:	wīch/wīh	n.masc	abode, village	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	weihs	n.neut	village	GED
Italic
Latin:	dioecesis	n.fem	administrative division	W7
	vicinitas, vicinitatis	n.fem	neighbor	W7
	vicinus	adj	neighboring	W7
	vīcus, vīcī	n.masc	village, hamlet; row of houses	LRC
	villa	n.fem	country estate	W7
Late Latin:	oecumenicus	adj	ecumenical	W7
	parochia	n.fem	parish	W7
	parochialis	adj	parochial	W7
Medieval Latin:	villanus	adj	rustic	W7
New Latin:	androecium	n.neut	androecium	W7
	dioicus	adj	dioicous	W7
	ecesis	n.fem	ecesis	W7
Old French:	village	n.masc	village	W7
	ville	n.fem	farm; village	W7
Middle French:	diocise	n.masc	diocese	W7
	parochial	adj	parochial	W7
	parroche	n.fem	parish	W7
	vesin	adj	neighboring	W7
	vesinage	n.masc	neighborhood	W7
	vicinité	n.fem	vicinity, neigborhood	W7
	vilein	adj	re: low social class	W7
French:	villanelle	n.fem	pastoral song/dance/poetry	W7
Italian:	villa	n.fem	country-house	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	viẽšpats	n	lord, master	LRC
Slavic
Old Russian:	vĭsĭ	n	village	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	(Ϝ)οἶκος	n	house, home	LRC
Greek:	διοικεσις	n.fem	management, administration	LS
	διοικέω	vb	to govern, keep house	LS
	ἐνοικέω	vb	to inhabit, dwell in	LRC
	κατοικέω	vb	to dwell	LRC
	οἴκαδε	adv	home	LRC
	οἰκέω	vb	to dwell, inhabit	LS
	οἰκησις	n.fem	dwelling, inhabitation	LS
	οἰκία	n.fem	house	LRC
	οἰκίον	n.neut	house, abode	LS
	οἴκοι	adv	at home	LRC
	οἶκόνδε	adv	(to his) home	LRC
	οἶκος	n.masc	house, abode	LRC
	οἰκουμένη	n.fem	the inhabited world	LRC
	οἰκουμενικός	adj	ecumenical	W7
	πάροικος	adj	parochial, neighboring	LS
Late Greek:	παροικία	n.fem	parish	LRC
	πάροικος	adj	Christian, re: parish	LRC
Iranian
Old Persian:	vith-	n	house; clan; village	LRC
Avestan:	vaēso	n	house	LRC
	vīs-	n	house; clan; village	LRC
	vīsaiti	vb	to enter	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	víś	n	clan, tribe; dwelling; settlement	W7
	vaiśya	n	upper-caste Hindu traditionally assigned to commercial/agricultural occupation	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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