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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 3. u̯eis- 'to flow (away); ooze, virus, poison'

Semantic Fields: to Flow; Mud, Mire; Sick; Sickness

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	wāse	n.fem	ooze	ASD
	wāsend	n.masc	weasand	IEW/ASD
	weosule/wesle	n.fem	weasel	W7
Middle English:	viscouse	adj	viscous	W7
	wesand	n	weasand	W7
	wesele	n	weasel	W7
	wose	n	ooze	W7
English:	bison	n	large shaggy bovine mammal	AHD/W7
	filovirus	n	thread-like RNA animal virus	AHD
	ooze	n	mud, slime, soft deposit at bottom of water	AHD/W7
	parvovirus	n	infective agent with DNA in icosahedral protein shell	AHD
	rhabdovirus	n	RNA-containing plant/animal virus	AHD
	virus	n.arch	venom, poison	AHD/W7
	viscid	adj	sticky, having adhesive quality	AHD/W7
	viscous	adj	gluey, viscid	AHD/W7
	weasand	n	maw, throat, gullet, windpipe	IEW/W7
	weasel	n	small slender carnivorous mammal	AHD/W7
	wisent	n	aurochs, (European) bison	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	wāse	n.fem	ooze	ASD
Dutch:	wezel	n	weasel	TLL
Old High German:	weisunt	n	weasand	W7
	wīhsila	n	cherry	W7
	wisant/wisunt	n	wisent	W7
	wisula/wisala	n.fem	weasel	W7/ASD
German:	Virus	n.neut	virus	LRC
	Wiesel	n.neut	weasel	LRC
	Wisent	n.masc	wisent	W7
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	veisa	n.fem	ooze, pool of stagnant water	ASD
Danish:	væsel	n	weasel	TLL
Swedish:	vessla	n	weasel	TLL
Italic
Latin:	virus	n.neut	slime, stench, virus: poison	W7
	viscum	n.neut	birdlime	W7
Late Latin:	viscidus	adj	viscid, slimy	W7
	viscosus	adj	viscous, full of birdlime	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	wissambrs	n	wisent	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	ἰξός	n.masc	mistletoe	LS
	ἰός	n.masc	, virus: poison	LS
Indic
Sanskrit:	viṣa	n	stench, liquid, virus: poison	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
arch	=	archaic
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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