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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 5. u̯es- 'to dress, clothe, wear'

Semantic Field: to Clothe, Dress

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	werian	vb.wk	to wear	W7/ASD
Middle English:	vesten	vb	to vest	W7
	weren	vb	to wear	W7
English:	devest	vb.trans	to divest	AHD/W7
	divest	vb.trans	to undress, strip off clothing	W7
	himation	n	rectangular cloth garment (worn in ancient Greece)	AHD/W7
	invest	vb	to commit (funds) to earn financial return	AHD/W7
	invest	vb.trans	to array in symbols of office/honor	AHD/W7
	revet	vb.trans	to face (embankment) with stones	AHD/W7
	travesty	n	burlesque/grotesque translation/imitation	AHD/W7
	vest	n	robe, loose outer garment	AHD/W7
	vest	vb	to place/give into another's possession/discretion	AHD/W7
	wear, wore, worn	vb.str	to bear/have (clothing) upon oneself	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	vest	n	vest, waistcoat	TLL
Old High German:	werien	vb	to wear, clothe	ASD
German:	Weste	n.fem	vest	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	verja	vb	to wear, dress, clothe; spend, invest	W7
Icelandic:	verja	vb	to wear, clothe	ASD
Danish:	vest	n	vest, waistcoat	TLL
Swedish:	väst	n	vest, waistcoat	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	wasjan	vb	to wear, dress, clothe	LRC
	*wasti	n.str.fem	vest, garment	LRC
Italic
Latin:	investio, investire	vb	to clothe, surround	W7
	revestio, revestire	vb	to wear again	W7
	vestio, vestire	vb	to wear, dress, clothe	W7
	vestis	n.fem	vest(ments), clothing	W7
	vestitus, vestitus	n.masc	vest, clothing	LRC
Medieval Latin:	disvestio, disvestire	vb	to devest, undress	W7
Middle French:	desvestir	vb	to devest, undress	W7
	investir	vb	to invest; invade	W7
	vestir	vb	to dress	W7
French:	revêtir	vb	to dress up	W7
	travestir	vb	to disguise	W7
	veste	n.fem	vest	W7
Old Italian:	investire	vb	to surround with troops; endow with quality/characteristic	W7
Italian:	investire	vb	to clothe; invest money	W7
	travestire	vb	to disguise	W7
	vèste	n.fem	dress, gown; quality, appearance	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	εἷμα	n.neut	garment, clothing	LRC
	ἕννῡμι	vb	to clothe (someone)	LRC
Greek:	ἱμάτιον	n.neut	clothing	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	wasapa-	n	clothes	LRC
	wešš(iya)-	vb	to wear, dress, clothe	LRC
Armenian
Armenian:	zgenum	vb	to get dressed	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	vaste	vb	to get dressed	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	váste	vb	to get dressed	LRC
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	wäs-	vb	to get dressed	LRC
Tocharian A:	wäs-	vb	to wear, dress, clothe	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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