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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: u̯ē̆su- 'good'

Semantic Field: Good

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Middle Irish:	febas	n	excellence	GED
Irish:	fīu	adj	worthy	GED
Welsh:	gwiw	adj	worthy	GED
Gaulish:	vēsu-	adj	good	GED
W-Germanic
Old High German:	wisi-/wisu-	n.pfx	noble- (?)	GED
E-Germanic
Gothic:	iusiza	adj.comp	better	GED
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἐύς	adj	good, noble	GED
Anatolian
Luwian:	u̯asu-	adv	well	GED
Palaic:	u̯asu-	adj	good	GED
Iranian
Avestan:	vąhuš	adj	good	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	vásuṣ	adj	good	GED
	vasvī	n	night	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	yaṣi	n	night (good period)	GED
Tocharian A:	wṣe	n	night (good period)	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
comp	=	comparative
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin

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