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Language Systems Indices

Indo-European Typology Project

Keyword Index

Categories:

• CASE
• CONTENT WORDS
• GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY
• LANGUAGE CHANGE
• LANGUAGE RECONSTRUCTION
• LANGUAGE TYPE
• LANGUAGES
• LEXICON
• LINGUISTIC CONSTRUCTIONS
• LINGUISTIC ITEMS
• METHODS, APPROACHES, AND HYPOTHESES
• MORPHOLOGICAL ITEMS
• MORPHOLOGY
• PARTS OF SPEECH
• SEMANTICS
• SYNTAX

CASE

• active-inactive case opposition
• case
• case [ablative]
• case [ablative] [Armenian]
• case [ablative] [derived from endingless locative]
• case [ablative] [Gothic]
• case [ablative] [Hittite]
• case [ablative] [loss of] [Late Latin]
• case [ablative] [loss of phonetic distinction]
• case [ablative] [of agent]
• case [ablative] [prepositional reinforcement]
• case [ablative] [replacement by nominative or accusative]
• case [ablative] [use as instrumental]
• case [absolutive]
• case [absolutive] [formation of]
• case [absolutive] [restricted]
• case [absolutive] [role assumed by accusative] [Old French]
• case [absolutive] [unmarked]
• case [absolutive vs. ergative]
• case [accusative]
• case [accusative] [Latin]
• case [accusative] [marked] [Indo-European]
• case [accusative] [marker of]
• case [accusative] [prepositional]
• case [accusative] [prepositional] [decrease in use] [Portuguese]
• case [accusative] [prepositional] [origin of]
• case [accusative] [pronominal]
• case [accusative] [unmarked]
• case [active]
• case [active-agentive]
• case [active] [restricted to masculine and femnine]
• case [active vs. inactive]
• case [adnominal]
• case [adverbial]
• case [agent]
• case [agent] [Caucasian languages]
• case [agglutinative]
• case [allative]
• case assignment
• case [categorization of]
• case [choice of]
• case [comitative]
• case [comitative] [independent development of]
• case [concrete]
• case [conservative]
• case [dative]
• case [dative] [function of]
• case [dative] [Germanic] [corresponds to Latin ablative]
• case [dative] [Gothic]
• case [dative] [in combination with gerundive] [Latin]
• case [dative] [independent development of]
• case [dative] [Indo-European]
• case [dative] [Latin]
• case [dative-locative]
• case [dative] [of possession]
• case [dative] [Old Church Slavonic]
• case [dative] [Old English] [syncretism comitative/ablative/locative]
• case [dative] [Old High German]
• case [dative] [pronominal]
• case [differentiation of]
• case [direct]
• case [direct object]
• case [directional]
• case [directional] [Hittite]
• case endings
• case endings [Indo-European]
• case [ergative]
• case [ergative-absolutive]
• case [ergative] [interpretation as instrumental]
• case [ergative] [interpretation as nominative]
• case [ergative] [origin in nominative]
• case [ergative] [origin of]
• case [ergative] [overtly marked]
• case forms [semantic function]
• case forms [syntactic function]
• case [functions]
• case [functions] [loss of]
• case [genitive]
• case [genitive-ablative]
• case [genitive] [absence of]
• case [genitive] [adnominal uses of]
• case [genitive] [based on nominative and accusative]
• case [genitive-dative]
• case [genitive-dative] [Old Iranian languages]
• case [genitive] [functional varieties of]
• case [genitive] [Greek] [syncretism of PIE genitive and ablative]
• case [genitive] [independent development of]
• case [genitive] [Indo-Iranian] [function of]
• case [genitive] [Latin]
• case [genitive] [marker of]
• case [genitive] [Nakh-Dagestanian languages]
• case [genitive] [objective]
• case [genitive] [origin of]
• case [genitive] [paradigmatized]
• case [genitive] [partitive]
• case [genitive] [possessive]
• case [genitive] [Proto-Indo-European]
• case [genitive] [relation with language system]
• case [genitive] [special marker] [suffixed to ergative marker]
• case [genitive] [subject]
• case [goal] [Latin]
• case grammar
• case [grammatical]
• case [history of]
• case [history of] [Latin]
• case [inactive]
• case [indefinite] [use as locative] [Hittite]
• case [indirect]
• case [inessive]
• case inflection
• case [instrumental]
• case [instrumental] [Indo-Iranian] [function of]
• case [local]
• case [locative]
• case [locative] [endingless]
• case [locative] [endingless] [elimination of]
• case [locative] [endingless] [rarity of]
• case [locative] [Hittite]
• case [locative] [independent development of]
• case [locative] [Indo-European]
• case [locative] [Latin]
• case [locative] [pronominal]
• case [locative] [uninflected]
• case [loss of]
• case [marked vs. unmarked]
• case marking
• case marking [accusative]
• case marking [active-agentive]
• case marking [active-neutral]
• case marking [active vs. inactive]
• case marking [constraints of]
• case marking [ergative-absolutive]
• case marking [ergative languages]
• case marking [Hittite]
• case marking [Indo-European]
• case marking [Indo-European] [characteristics of]
• case marking [Indo-European] [degree of markedness]
• case marking [Indo-European] [differentiation of]
• case marking [Indo-European] [interpretation of]
• case marking [Indo-European] [patterns of]
• case marking [Indo-European] [stages of]
• case marking [Indo-European] [thematic vs. athematic]
• case-marking languages
• case marking [morphological]
• case marking [motivation of]
• case marking [neutral]
• case marking [nominal]
• case marking [nominative-accusative]
• case marking [pronominal]
• case marking [split]
• case marking [split-ergative]
• case marking [stative verbs]
• case-marking systems
• case marking [three-way]
• case marking [vs. verbal agreement]
• case marking [zero marking vs. non-zero marking] [Indo-European]
• case morphology
• case [nominal]
• case [nominal] [unmarked]
• case [nominative]
• case [nominative-accusative]
• case [nominative] [Latin]
• case [nominative] [marked]
• case [nominative] [predominance of]
• case [nominative] [unmarked]
• case [nominative] [unmarked] [Indo-European]
• case [nominative vs. accusative]
• case [nominative vs. accusative] [morphological distinction]
• case [nominative vs. active]
• case [non-agentive]
• case [non-syntactic]
• case [O] [marked]
• case [object]
• case [oblique]
• case paradigm
• case [passive]
• case [patient]
• case [strong]
• case [subject]
• case [syncretic]
• case syncretism
• case system
• case system [agent-patient]
• case system [bicasual] [Old French]
• case system [Caucasian languages]
• case system [development of]
• case system [disintegration of]
• case system [early Proto-Indo-European]
• case system [group inflection]
• case system [Indo-European]
• case system [Indo-European] [development of]
• case system [Indo-European] [marking patterns]
• case system [Indo-European] [origins of]
• case system [Indo-European] [restructuring of]
• case system [Lakhota]
• case system [Modern Armenian]
• case system [nominative-accusative]
• case system [Pre-Indo-European]
• case system [Proto-Indo-European]
• case system [semantic basis of]
• case [terminative]
• case [terminative] [Hittite]
• case [unmarked]
• case [vocative]
• case [vocative] [interpretation as old casus indefinitus]
• case [zero]

CONTENT WORDS

• a- vocalism [Hittite]
• ablaut
• accessibility hierarchy
• accretion [of languages]
• Achemenids
• active [vs. stative]
• address [male vs. female]
• adposition
• affirmative
• affix
• affix [patient]
• affix [verbal]
• agent [inanimate] [rarity of]
• agglutination
• agglutination [Indo-European]
• agglutination [Modern Armenian]
• allative
• analogy
• analogy [syntactic]
• analycity
• Anatolia [immigration into]
• animals
• apposition
• Arabs
• Arabs [invasion]
• areal characteristics
• areal consistency
• areal features
• areal influence
• areal isoglosses
• areal relationship
• Armenia
• Armenia [Christianization of]
• Armenia [incorporation into czarist Russia]
• Armenia [poetry]
• Armenia [use of Greek and Syrian languages]
• Asia Minor
• aspect system
• Assyrians
• auxiliary
• basic vocabulary
• Bible [translation of]
• bilingualism
• bilingualism [local]
• binary grammatical oppositions
• biogeography
• bioregion
• bound split [vs. free split]
• Bronze Age
• Caucasian poetry
• Caucasian substratum
• Caucasus [eastern]
• Caucasus [history of]
• Caucasus [languages of]
• Caucasus [link between Europe and Asia]
• Caucasus [southern]
• causality [expression of]
• causative [vs. medio-passive]
• Central Asian linguistic area
• Christianity
• clause [embedded]
• clause [order of]
• clause [relative]
• clause [types of]
• clitic
• coastal adaptation
• cognate
• colonial languages
• colonies [Armenian]
• colonies [Black Sea]
• colonies [Greek]
• colonization
• colonized areas
• color vocabulary
• color vocabulary [Navajo] [vs. English]
• comitative
• completive
• compound
• concrete meaning
• condition [contrary to fact]
• condition [hypothetical]
• conditional
• conditioning [types of]
• congruence system
• conjunctive
• consonant alternation
• consonant [stem final]
• consonantism [basic]
• constituent structure
• constraining principles [human languages]
• constraint [language-specific]
• continents [colonization of]
• continents [linguistically autonomous]
• continuative
• contraction [agent-case transitive]
• contraction [ergative morpheme]
• contraction [nominative morpheme]
• coordination
• copula
• copula [enclitic]
• copula [modal function]
• copula [optional]
• copula [third person singular] [fixed form]
• correlation [between grammatical categories]
• correlation [between structural types and grammatical categories]
• cross-cultural communication
• cross-cultural communication [linguistic barriers to]
• cultural determinants
• culture
• culture [influence from language]
• culture [influence on language]
• culture [Navajo]
• cuneiform [Urartian]
• Dagestan
• Dagestan [southern]
• Dagestan [subjugation by Arabs]
• Dakota
• deep structure
• defectivation
• degree
• deixis
• demotion
• denominative
• deponent
• derivative
• derivative [nominal]
• desiderative
• desiderative [Indo-Iranian]
• dialect-geographical area
• dialects
• dialects [Anatolian]
• dialects [Caucasus]
• dialects [differences] [development of]
• dialects [early] [Indo-European]
• dialects [grouping]
• dialects [India]
• dialects [Indo-European] [expansion of]
• dialects [Indo-European] [grouping of]
• dialects [interrelationship of]
• dialects [interrelationship of] [Indo-European]
• dialects [separation of] [Indo-European]
• diathesis
• diversity [linguistic]
• diversity [linguistic] [net increase of]
• diversity [linguistic] [theory of]
• dual conditioning
• dubitative
• dubitative conditional
• duration [of action/event]
• durative
• durative-iterative
• early Bronze culture
• economy [nomadic]
• economy [urban]
• enclitic [functions of]
• enclitic [possessive]
• enclitic [pronominal]
• enclitic [pronominal] [origin of]
• Eneolithic culture
• equator
• ergative interpretation
• essive
• Ethiopian residual zone
• ethnic interaction
• ethnographic features
• ethnology
• etymology
• exclamative
• expansion [periods of] [Gimbutas]
• extralinguistic factors
• facientive
• factitive
• feature hierarchy
• fientive
• focus
• focus system
• folk epic
• folk poetry
• gender congruence
• genetic density [high]
• genetic density [low]
• genetic distribution [of languages]
• genetic diversity
• genetic stability
• genus commune
• genus commune [accusative inflection] [Indo-European]
• genus commune [derived] [Indo-European]
• genus commune [Hittite] [Luvian]
• genus commune [vs. genus neutrum]
• genus neutrum
• geographic distribution
• geographical constraints
• geographical determinants
• geography
• Georgia
• Georgia [incorporation into czarist Russia]
• gerund [ablative of] [Latin]
• gerund [nominative of] [Latin]
• gerund [status of] [Oscan-Umbrian]
• gerund [substantive variant of verbal noun]
• gerundive [adjectival variant of verbal noun] [Latin]
• gerundive [attributive use]
• gerundive [Latin]
• glaciation [end of]
• global expansion
• grammar [as shaper of ideas]
• grammar [ergative-absolutive]
• grammar [nominative-accusative]
• grammatical description
• grammatical identification
• grammatical patterns
• grammatical person
• grammatical stability
• grammatical system
• heteroclisis [Proto-Indo-European noun]
• heterogeneity
• hierarchy [nominal]
• hierarchy [of functions]
• hierarchy [of language structure]
• high-diversity areas
• historical affinity [between populations]
• historical-comparative linguistics
• history of language
• homeland [Indo-European]
• homeland [location of] [lexical arguments] [Indo-European]
• homeland [location of] [theories] [Indo-European]
• hominid evolution [original center of]
• homogeneity
• horatory
• human expansion [beginning of]
• Huns
• imitative
• implicational hierarchies
• implicational relationships
• inchoative
• Indo-Iranians
• inessive
• infinitive
• infinitive [absence of]
• infinitive [French]
• infinitive [gerundive]
• infinitive [Greek]
• infinitive [Indo-European] [nominal character of]
• infinitive [Latin]
• infinitive [nominalized]
• infinitive [personal]
• infinitive [personal] [increase in use]
• infinitive [personal] [Portuguese]
• infinitive [split of] [Romance languages]
• infinitive [subject of]
• infinitive [transitive]
• influence [cultural] [economic] [political]
• injunctive
• injunctive system
• inscriptions [Celtiberian]
• inscriptions [Gaulish]
• inscriptions [Hibernian Celtic]
• inscriptions [Hispano-Celtic]
• inscriptions [Iranian]
• inscriptions [Old Persian]
• instrumentality
• intentive
• inter-ethnic communication
• interjection
• internal diversity
• internal stability
• intonation pattern
• intonation [syntactic] [two residues]
• intrusive languages
• Iran [northern]
• Iranians
• Islamization
• isogloss
• isogloss [Armenian-Greek]
• isogloss bundle
• isogloss [spread of]
• isomorphism
• iterative
• iterative-intensive
• jussive
• Kurgan culture
• language acquisition
• language and culture
• language and culture [Indo-European]
• language and culture [relationship between]
• language [and human experience]
• language [and relation with rest of culture]
• language and society
• language and thought [relationship between]
• language [influence on culture]
• language interference
• language isolate
• language [non-abstract object]
• language [psychological object]
• language [semantic aspect]
• language [spread of]
• language [structural aspect]
• language succession
• lexical hierarchy
• lexical patterning
• lexical stock
• lexical structure
• lingua franca
• linguistic area
• linguistic characteristics [transmission of]
• linguistic diffusion
• linguistic diffusion [epicenter of]
• linguistic diversity
• linguistic geography
• linguistic history
• linguistic populations [origins of]
• linguistic prehistory
• linguistic relativity
• linguistic residues [syntactic]
• linguistic variation
• linguistics [as a historical science]
• linguistics [history of]
• literary language
• literary language [Christian]
• liturgical language
• loanwords
• loanwords [levels of]
• mainland [vs. island]
• markedness
• markedness [morphology]
• markedness [order of]
• markedness [syntactic]
• Mediterranean
• merger
• merger [vs. split]
• meta-split
• metal industry [early development of]
• Middle Ages
• migrations
• migrations [east-west dynamic]
• migrations [Indo-European]
• migrations [prehistoric]
• modality
• modifier
• modifier [nominal]
• Mongols
• morphology [verbal] [Tagalog]
• morphophonemic variation
• multi-tree situation
• multilingualism
• narrative past
• nasal
• nasalization
• Native American tribes [Avoyelles] [Biloxi] [Choctaw] [Ofo] [Tunica]
• Neolithic Age
• nomina actionis
• nomina agentis
• noun-verb distinction [absence of] [Squamish]
• NP [definite]
• NP split
• NP split [ergative languages]
• NP split [Gorokan languages]
• numeral [cardinal]
• numeral classifiers
• numeral [Mandan]
• numeral [ordinal]
• oral tradition
• Ossetes
• Outer Mongolia
• palatalization
• palatalization [context-induced]
• Paleocaucasian people
• Paleolithic Age
• paradigm [factual]
• paradigm [hypothetical]
• paradigm [nominal]
• paradigm [possessive]
• paradigm [transitive]
• paradigm [verbal]
• paradigm [verbal] [Indo-European]
• participant
• participant [active vs. inactive]
• participant [core]
• participant [inanimate]
• participant [order of]
• partitive
• perfect
• peripheral languages
• Persian expansion
• Persian influence
• personificative
• phonetic erosion
• phonological rules
• plants [nouns referring to]
• pleonasm
• plurality neutralization
• point of origin [historical]
• politeness [passive use]
• polylingualism
• population
• population biology
• population [definition of]
• population genetics
• postfix
• postfix [coordinating]
• postfix [modal]
• postfix [negative]
• postfix [order of]
• postfix [subordinating]
• postfix [tense]
• pragmatics
• predicate
• predicate [Tagalog]
• predicative
• prefix [articular]
• prefix [pronominal]
• preverb
• purpose
• purposive
• quantificative
• quotative
• quotative declarative
• radical [nominative]
• reflexive
• reflexive construction
• reflexive [purposeful]
• relative diversity
• relative homogeneity
• relator
• relatum
• religion
• religion [Navajo]
• residual zone
• rhotacism [Latin]
• role and reference grammar
• Romance linguistics
• Romans
• root
• root [nominal]
• root [pronominal]
• root [verbal]
• root [zero-grade]
• Russian influence
• Russians
• Sahara spread
• sandhi
• scripts [Iberian]
• Scythians
• seasons [names of]
• sedentary agriculture
• seegoing watercraft
• Seleucids [hegemony of]
• Seleucids [Macedonian]
• semantic correlates
• semantic roles
• sentence connective
• settled agriculture
• shape [classification]
• slot-choice
• slot-choice [paradigmatic]
• slot-choice [syntagmatic]
• sociative
• sound symbolism
• Southeast Asia
• Sprachbund
• spread zone
• Standard Average European
• Standard Average European [three-tense verbal system]
• stem
• stem [aorist]
• stem [aspecto-temporal]
• stem [attribute]
• stem [consonant]
• stem [gradation of]
• stem [heteroclitic]
• stem [infix] [personal pronouns]
• stem [intransitive]
• stem [liquid] [Indo-European]
• stem [nasal] [Indo-European]
• stem [nominal]
• stem [nominal] [Indo-European]
• stem [oblique]
• stem [perfect]
• stem [transitive]
• stem [verbal]
• stem [verbal] [active]
• stem [verbal] [classification of]
• stem [verbal] [derivation of] [Indo-European]
• stem [verbal] [Indo-European]
• stem [verbal] [Navajo]
• stem [verbal] [neutral]
• stem [verbal] [reduplication of]
• stem [verbal] [stative]
• stem [vowel]
• stockbreeding
• stratification
• structural affinity
• structural correlations
• structural diversity
• structural features [distribution]
• structural features [governing principles]
• sub-Saharan Africa
• subcontinent
• subpopulation
• substratum
• substratum [Hamito-Semitic]
• substratum [Tibeto-Burman]
• suffix
• suffix [deictic]
• suffix [derivational]
• suffix [gender]
• suffix [gerund]
• suffix [locative]
• suffix [number]
• suffix [purposive]
• suffix [subject]
• suffix [thematic]
• suffix [transitive]
• superstrate
• supine
• supine [adjectivization of]
• supine [origin of]
• syntax [Tagalog]
• syntheticity
• Syria
• tense-aspect split
• terminative
• thematic
• Thracians
• time [division of]
• topicality
• topicalization
• topicalization [object]
• toponomy
• toponomy [Aegean] [pre-Hellenic]
• toponomy [Anatolian]
• trading centers
• translation
• translation [problems of] [implications]
• translative
• tree-merging
• Turkic tribes
• Turkish conquest
• Turkmenistan
• umlaut
• uniformitarianism
• universal characteristics
• universal determinants
• universals
• universals [implicational]
• usitative
• valency
• valency [double]
• Vedas
• verb form [invariable]
• verb form [non-past]
• verb form [passive] [derived]
• verb form [past]
• verb form [periphrastic]
• verb form [polysynthetic]
• verb form [suffixed]
• verb form [unmarked]
• verb [tense system]
• verb [tense system] [three-part] [Standard Average European]
• vernacular
• vowel harmony
• Wackernagel's Law
• word class [syntactic use of]
• world languages
• world languages [areal distribution]
• world languages [genetic distribution]
• world linguistic areas

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY

• agreement
• agreement [object-verb]
• agreement [participle]
• agreement [positional]
• agreement [subject-verb]
• agreement [verbal]
• agreement [verbal] [accusative]
• agreement [verbal] [ergative]
• Aktivum [vs. Perfektum]
• Aktivus vs. Passivus
• animate [vs. inanimate]
• antipassive
• aorist
• aorist [intransitive]
• aorist [merger with perfect]
• aorist [merger with preterit]
• aorist system
• aorist [transitive]
• aorist [vs. perfect] [Indo-European]
• aspect
• aspect [continuative]
• aspect [habitual]
• aspect [imperfective]
• aspect [lexical]
• aspect [morphological] [absence of] [Hittite]
• aspect [perfective]
• aspect [perfective] [connection with transitivity and possession]
• aspect [perfective vs. imperfective]
• aspect [repetitive]
• aspect [semelfactive]
• aspect [stative]
• aspect system
• aspect [vs. agency]
• aspectual values
• auxiliary
• auxiliary [be]
• auxiliary [derivation of]
• auxiliary [development of]
• auxiliary [have]
• auxiliary [postposed]
• auxiliary [preposed]
• auxiliary [selection of]
• causative
• causative formation [types of]
• causative [null-marked]
• causative [Old Iranian]
• causative [role in transitivity]
• causative [three-place]
• class [category of]
• class [grammatical]
• class [inactive]
• class [nouns]
• class [nouns] [animate]
• comparative
• deponent
• deponent-passive
• diathesis
• diathesis [passive]
• dual
• dual [elliptical]
• gender
• gender [animate vs. inanimate]
• gender [category of]
• gender [common]
• gender [feminine]
• gender [feminine] [collective]
• gender [feminine] [Indo-European]
• gender [German]
• gender [grammatical]
• gender [grammaticalized]
• gender [Hittite]
• gender [Indo-European]
• gender [Indo-European] [development of]
• gender [Indo-European] [dichotomy of]
• gender [Indo-European] [masculine-feminine]
• gender [Indo-European] [neuter]
• gender [masculine]
• gender [masculine] [Indo-European]
• gender [natural]
• gender [neuter]
• gender [neuter] [development of]
• gender [neuter] [ergative inflection]
• gender [neuter] [Hittite]
• gender [neuter] [Indo-European]
• gender [neuter] [theme]
• gender [neutrum vs. genus commune]
• gender [Proto-Indo-European]
• gender system
• gender system [Indo-European]
• gender system [Indo-European] [absence of semantic correlates]
• gender system [reduction of]
• gender system [relative chronology]
• interrogative
• interrogative [addressed to men]
• interrogative [adressed to women]
• interrogative [human]
• modality
• modality [obligation]
• mood
• mood [development of] [Old Celtic]
• mood [imperative]
• mood [imperative] [mild]
• mood [imperative] [negative]
• mood [indicative]
• mood [optative]
• mood [optative] [merger with subjunctive] [Latin]
• mood [subjunctive]
• negation
• negation [existential] [Russian]
• negation [sentential]
• number [agreement] [verb-object]
• number [agreement] [verb-subject]
• number [case inflection]
• number [category of]
• number [category of] [absence of]
• number [dual]
• number [grammatical]
• number [Navajo]
• number [plural]
• number [plural] [collective]
• number [singular-plural distinction] [English]
• number system [three-term]
• perfect
• perfect [absence in Hittite]
• perfect [analytical] [Indo-European]
• perfect [Armenian]
• perfect [change in function]
• perfect [Indo-European]
• perfect [Indo-European] [types of]
• perfect [inflected]
• perfect [old intransitive value]
• perfect [resultative]
• perfect [Slavic]
• perfect [stative]
• perfect [stative] [archaic nature of]
• perfect [with past participle]
• person
• person [category of]
• possession
• possession [alienable]
• possession [alienable vs. inalienable]
• possession [alienable vs. inalienable] [Indo-European]
• possession [category of]
• possession [connection with transitivity and perfect aspect]
• possession [enclitic]
• possession [inalienable]
• possession [inalienable] [categories of]
• possession [inclusive vs. exclusive]
• possession [Indo-Aryan]
• possession [Indo-European]
• possession [Iranian]
• present-aorist system
• preterit
• preterit [merger of perfect and aorist]
• preterit [Old Celtic]
• tense
• tense [absence of]
• tense [future]
• tense [future] [category of] [absence in Indo-European]
• tense [future formations] [Indo-European]
• tense [future] [Romance]
• tense [future] [Romance] [synthetic]
• tense [future] [suppletion] [Old Irish]
• tense [non-future]
• tense [past]
• tense [present]
• tense [present] [south Caucasian]
• tense [vs. aspect]
• voice
• voice [absence of]
• voice [active]
• voice [active vs. medio-passive] [Indo-European]
• voice [active vs. passive]
• voice [active vs. passive] [lexicalized]
• voice [circumstantial] [Malagasy]
• voice [ergative vs. antipassive]
• voice [medio-passive]
• voice [medio-passive] [athematic]
• voice [medio-passive] [Greek]
• voice [medio-passive] [Hittite]
• voice [medio-passive] [transformation into deponent]
• voice [passive]
• voice [passive] [absence of]
• voice [passive] [agentive]
• voice [passive] [agentless]
• voice [passive] [derived]
• voice [passive] [extension of]
• voice [passive] [impersonal] [Old Latin]
• voice [passive] [Indo-European]
• voice [passive] [inflected]
• voice [passive] [morphological] [absence of]
• voice [passive] [obligatory]
• voice [passive] [perfect]
• voice [passive] [role in intransitivization]
• voice [passive] [stative]
• voice [passive] [synthetic]
• voice [passive] [two-tiered]
• voice [passive vs. active]

LANGUAGE CHANGE

• accusative [replaced by genitive] [Indo-European]
• accusative structure [change to]
• accusative system [development into ergative]
• active languages [predecessor of ergative and nominative languages]
• active-stative dichotomy [older than transitive-intransitive]
• adposition [nominal origin of]
• agreement type [change to government type]
• allomorphic change
• analogy
• analycity
• analycity [increase in]
• ancestral type [development away from]
• -anz(a) [creation of] [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [reinterpretation as ablative marker] [Hittite]
• archaic structures
• case [ablative] [derived from endingless locative]
• case [ablative] [use as instrumental]
• case [accusative] [prepositional] [decrease in use] [Portuguese]
• change [ergative-nominative to nominative-accusative]
• change [ergative to nominative]
• change [in transitivity]
• conservatism
• dative [replacement for absent accusative]
• desiderative [change to subjunctive]
• diachronic conservatism
• diachronic developments
• diachronic stability
• differentiation [diathetic]
• differentiation [non-syntagmatic] [transitive/intransitive]
• differentiation [of agent and goal]
• diffusion [linguistic]
• dual [loss of]
• ergative [change to nominative]
• ergative [change to nominative] [southern Caucasian] [present tense]
• ergative construction [change to accusative construction]
• ergative construction [change to nominative construction]
• ergative [origin in instrumental] [Gorokan languages]
• ergativity [Indo-Iranian] [emergence of]
• ergativity [loss of]
• ergativization
• evolution of language
• existential construction [origin in locative]
• extinct languages
• Gaelic [loss of genitivus subjectivus]
• gender [disappearance of]
• gender [disappearance of] [English]
• gender system [Indo-European] [change from two to three genders]
• gender system [reduction of]
• gerund [ablative] [replacement of participles] [Late Latin]
• gerund [origin in gerundive] [Latin]
• gerundive construction [Oscan-Umbrian] [borrowed from Latin]
• gerundive construction [replacement by relative clause]
• gerundive [predicative] [loss of]
• gerundive [Proto-Italic development]
• grammaticalization
• Greek [influence on Latin syntax]
• historically late constructions
• inflection [change to agglutination]
• inherited constructions
• intransitivization
• language change
• language change [contact-induced]
• language change [factors affecting]
• language change [Pre-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-European]
• language change [regularity of]
• language change [speed of]
• language contact
• language contact [Armenian and Iranian]
• language contact [borrowing]
• language development
• language development [stages of]
• language evolution
• language evolution [ergative to accusative] [Indo-European]
• language evolution [stages of]
• laryngeal [loss of]
• left-branching structures [change to right-branching]
• lexical change
• lexicalization
• lexicalization [Caddo]
• linguistic borrowing
• linguistic borrowing [direct]
• linguistic borrowing [idioms]
• linguistic borrowing [lexical items]
• linguistic borrowing [loan-translation]
• linguistic divergence
• linguistic innovation
• linguistic innovation [Anatolian]
• linguistic innovation [cultural]
• linguistic innovation [Hittite]
• linguistic innovation [Indo-European]
• linguistic innovation [morphological]
• linguistic innovation [syntactic]
• linguistic innovation [Tocharian]
• linguistic reanalysis
• linguistic reanalysis [origin of ergativity]
• linguistic residues
• linguistic residues [syntactic]
• mood [subjunctive] [merger with optative] [Latin]
• morphophonemic change
• nominalization
• nominative construction [change to ergative] [Indo-European]
• nominative construction [change to ergative] [Indo-Iranian]
• nominativization
• OV structures [change to VO structures]
• perfect [merger with aorist]
• possessive construction [contamination with *dar] [Iranian languages]
• predicative [extension to participle] [adverb] [verbal noun]
• sound shift
• sound shift [Germanic]
• split-ergativity [origin of]
• split ergativity [tense-aspect split] [diachronic interpretation]
• stative [reanalysis as active]
• tempus primitivum [loss of] [Hittite]
• tense-aspect split [origin of]
• transitive-intransitive dichotomy [more recent than active-stative]
• transitivity [change from intransitivity]
• transitivity [change to intransitivity]
• transitivity [spread of]
• typological change
• valency [change in]
• word order [change of]

LANGUAGE RECONSTRUCTION

• absolute construction [Indo-European] [origin of]
• absolute construction [reconstruction of] [Proto-Indo-European]
• absolute construction [various early Indo-European languages]
• active structure [residues of]
• adposition [nominal origin of]
• archaic structures
• archaic structures [retention of]
• archaisms
• case [accusative] [prepositional] [origin of]
• case [ergative] [origin of]
• case [locative] [Indo-European]
• comparative reconstruction
• comparative reconstruction [vs. internal reconstruction]
• comparison [Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic]
• enclitic [pronominal] [origin of]
• ergative [Anatolian] [origin of]
• ergative [Anatolian] [reconstruction of]
• ergative construction [Indo-Aryan] [origin of]
• ergative construction [origin in ablative]
• ergative construction [origin in nominalized verbs]
• ergative construction [origin in old instrumental]
• ergative construction [origin of]
• ergative [history of]
• ergative languages [origin in accusative languages]
• ergative languages [origin in passive]
• ergative [origin of]
• ergative [passive origin]
• ergativity [origins in reanalysis]
• ergativity [origins of]
• ergativity [Pre-Indo-European]
• ergativity [Proto-Indo-European]
• existential construction [origin in locative]
• family tree
• gender [Indo-European]
• gender [masculine] [Indo-European]
• gender [neuter] [Indo-European]
• gender system [Indo-European] [threefold]
• gender system [two-tiered] [predecessor of]
• genetic distance [between languages]
• genetic lineage
• genetic relationship [between languages]
• genetic stock
• gerund [invariable] [origin of]
• gerundive [origin of] [Latin]
• have [absence of root in Indo-European]
• indigenous linguistic stocks [antiquity of]
• Indo-European
• Indo-European [Anatolian branch]
• Indo-European [branches of]
• Indo-European [break-up of]
• Indo-European [change to nominative-accusative system]
• Indo-European [clause combination]
• Indo-European [dating of tribal settlement]
• Indo-European [dialect groups]
• Indo-European [early] [conjugational system of]
• Indo-European [early stages of]
• Indo-European [ergative stage]
• Indo-European [existential construction]
• Indo-European [expansion of]
• Indo-European [homeland]
• Indo-European [locative construction]
• Indo-European [neuter] [non-distinction of nominative and accusative]
• Indo-European [nominal system]
• Indo-European [nominative] [-s]
• Indo-European [peoples]
• Indo-European [perfect] [origin in verbal adjective]
• Indo-European [perfect] [verbal form denoting state]
• Indo-European [possessive construction]
• Indo-European [religion]
• Indo-European [residual patterns in]
• Indo-European [separation of dialects]
• Indo-European [three gender system]
• Indo-European [verbal system]
• inflection [early Indo-European dialects]
• inflection [Pre-Indo-European] [archaic traits]
• language families
• languages [origins of]
• laryngeal
• laryngeal [Hittite]
• laryngeal [Indo-European]
• linguistic descent
• linguistic reconstruction
• linguistic reconstruction [comparative]
• linguistic reconstruction [factors affecting]
• linguistic reconstruction [internal]
• linguistic reconstruction [morphosyntax]
• linguistic reconstruction [of families] [stocks]
• linguistic reconstruction [old ergative marker]
• linguistic reconstruction [phonological]
• linguistic reconstruction [principles of]
• linguistic reconstruction [Proto-Indo-European]
• linguistic reconstruction [syntactic]
• linguistic reconstruction [typological]
• linguistic residues
• linguistic residues [Anatolian]
• linguistic residues [case marker distribution] [Indo-European]
• linguistic residues [case-marking patterns]
• linguistic residues [Celtiberian syntax]
• linguistic residues [ergative marker]
• linguistic residues [gender]
• linguistic residues [gender] [Indo-European]
• linguistic residues [heteroclisis] [Indo-European]
• linguistic residues [Hittite]
• linguistic residues [identification of]
• linguistic residues [Indo-European]
• linguistic residues [infixation] [Indo-European]
• linguistic residues [registers]
• linguistic residues [syntactic]
• linguistic residues [Tocharian]
• linguistic residues [vs. innovations]
• macro-group
• -nd- [Latin] [origin of]
• NP split [origin of]
• participle [ablative] [origin in Italic]
• participle [past] [origin in verbal adjectives]
• participle [present] [Indo-European]
• per- [ancestor of endingless locative]
• perfect [Proto-Indo-European]
• perfect [Proto-Indo-European] [interpretations of]
• phonological system [Proto-Indo-European]
• phonological system [Proto-Indo-European] [early stages]
• phylum
• possessive construction [origin in locative]
• Pre-Celtic
• Pre-Germanic
• Pre-Indo-European
• Pre-Indo-European [active stage]
• Pre-Indo-European [ergative stage]
• Pre-Indo-European [phonology]
• Pre-Indo-European [syntax]
• Pre-Indo-European [vs. Pre-Afro-Asiatic] [common genealogical origin]
• Pre-Indo-European [vs. Pre-Afro-Asiatic] [language contact]
• Proto-Afro-Asiatic
• Proto-Armenian
• Proto-Carib
• Proto-Caucasian
• Proto-Celtic
• Proto-Celtic [syntax]
• Proto-Germanic
• Proto-Greek
• Proto-Indo-European
• Proto-Indo-European [culture]
• Proto-Indo-European [early stages of]
• Proto-Indo-European [early stages of] [ergativity]
• Proto-Indo-European [monogenetic vs. polygenetic hypothesis]
• Proto-Indo-European [nominal system]
• Proto-Indo-European [phonemic system]
• Proto-Indo-European [reconstruction of]
• Proto-Indo-European [reconstruction of stages]
• Proto-Indo-European [separation of daughter languages]
• Proto-Indo-European [SOV]
• Proto-Indo-European [stative-active language]
• Proto-Indo-Hittite
• Proto-Indo-Iranian
• Proto-Iroquoian
• Proto-Italic
• Proto-Kartvelian
• Proto-Polynesian
• Proto-Siouan-Caddoan-Iroquoian
• Proto-Tibeto-Burman
• Proto-Turkic
• protolanguage
• protolanguage [reconstruction of]
• reconstructed languages [Pre-Indo-European]
• split-ergativity [origin of]
• subgrouping
• superstock
• supine [origin of]
• tense-aspect split [origin of]
• tense [origin in aspect system]
• time depth
• verb structure [archaic]
• voice system [Indo-European]
• -z(a) [etymology of] [Hittite]

LANGUAGE TYPE

• absolutive-ergative patterning
• accusative-ergative-active trichotomy
• accusative-ergative split
• accusative languages
• accusative languages [development from ergative]
• accusative languages [passive derivation]
• accusative languages [same treatment of A and O]
• accusative languages [vs. ergative languages]
• accusative structure
• accusative system
• accusative system [vs. ergative system]
• accusativity
• active characteristics
• active-inactive distinction
• active languages
• active languages [basic characteristics]
• active languages [binary characteristics]
• active languages [morphology of]
• active languages [predicate]
• active languages [subject]
• active languages [vs. stative languages]
• active-stative dichotomy
• active structure
• active system
• active typology
• active typology [characteristics of]
• agglutinating languages
• agglutinative type
• agreement languages
• agreement [vs. government]
• analytic languages
• antipassive
• AVO languages
• AVO/SV languages
• case-marking languages
• case marking [split-ergative]
• class languages
• class languages [ergative]
• cross-reference [verbal]
• dependent-marking languages
• Dyirbal-type split
• ergative
• ergative-absolutive languages
• ergative [Anatolian]
• ergative [Anatolian] [interpretations of]
• ergative [Anatolian] [origin of]
• ergative [Anatolian] [reconstruction of]
• ergative [Anatolian] [suffixes of]
• ergative [as passive]
• ergative [autonomous]
• ergative [combining]
• ergative [confined to past tense]
• ergative [confined to perfective aspect]
• ergative [extended]
• ergative [formal resemblance to possessive]
• ergative [history of]
• ergative [Hittite]
• ergative languages
• ergative languages [absence of case paradigm]
• ergative languages [absence of passive voice]
• ergative languages [antipassive derivation]
• ergative languages [Australian]
• ergative languages [Caucasus]
• ergative languages [characteristics of]
• ergative languages [dependent-marking]
• ergative languages [diachronic development]
• ergative languages [fully] [non-existence of]
• ergative languages [geographical distribution]
• ergative languages [Indo-European]
• ergative languages [non-combining] [transitional status of]
• ergative languages [same treatment of A and O]
• ergative languages [syntax of]
• ergative languages [transitive agent]
• ergative languages [type A]
• ergative languages [type B]
• ergative languages [type B] [two subtypes]
• ergative languages [types of]
• ergative languages [vs. nominative languages]
• ergative [origin in instrumental] [Gorokan languages]
• ergative [origin of]
• ergative pattern [superficial]
• ergative [Pre-Indo-European]
• ergative properties
• ergative properties [superficial]
• ergative [restricted to neuters] [Anatolian]
• ergative split
• ergative [subjective]
• ergative system
• ergative system [rise of]
• ergative [unitary]
• ergative [vs. absolutive]
• ergative [vs. antipassive]
• ergativity
• ergativity [Indo-Iranian] [emergence of]
• ergativity [introduction in Common Anatolian]
• ergativity [morphological]
• ergativity [origins in reanalysis]
• ergativity [syntactic]
• flexional-agglutinative languages
• flexional-analytic languages
• fluid-S-marking languages
• gender languages
• government languages
• head-marking languages
• inflectional language
• isolating language
• isolating language [accusative]
• language type
• language type [active] [ergative] [nominative]
• language type [and geography]
• language type [change in]
• language type [comparison of]
• language type [diachronic perspective]
• language type [historical sequence of]
• language type [interrelationship of]
• language type [socio-cultural factors]
• linguistic correlates [of language type]
• linguistic correlates [of language type] [morphological]
• linguistic correlates [of language type] [semantic]
• linguistic correlates [of language type] [syntactic]
• linguistic correlates [of language types [lexical]
• marker [active languages]
• nominative-accusative languages
• nominative languages
• nominative languages [Indo-European]
• nominative languages [passive]
• nominative languages [transitive]
• nominative system
• nominative system [vs. accusative system]
• NP split
• number-conditioned split
• object-dominated languages
• OV languages
• OVA/VS languages
• patient-S matching
• predicate [active languages]
• SOV languages
• split-ergative languages
• split ergativity
• split-ergativity [NP split]
• split-ergativity [origin of]
• split-ergativity [tense-aspect split]
• split ergativity [tense-aspect split] [diachronic interpretation]
• split-intransitive languages
• split languages
• split-marking language
• split-S languages
• split system
• split system [ergative-accusative]
• stative-active languages
• stative languages
• stative languages [vs. active languages]
• SVO languages
• synthetic languages
• tense-aspect split
• tense-aspect split [absence of]
• tense-aspect system
• tense-aspect system [Indo-European]
• topic-prominent languages
• transitive-active languages
• transitive-intransitive opposition
• transitive-intransitive opposition [absence of]
• transitivity
• transitivity [canonical]
• transitivity [canonical] [absence of]
• typological consistency
• typological inconsistency
• typological inconsistency [explanation of]
• typology [accusative]
• typology [accusative] [nominal system] [vs. active typology for pronouns]
• typology [ergative]
• typology [nominative]
• VAO languages
• verb-conditioned split
• verb-final languages
• verb-initial languages
• verb-medial languages
• VO languages
• VS languages
• VSO languages

LANGUAGES

• Abaza
• Abkhaz-Adyghean languages
• African languages
• African languages [links with Eurasia]
• African languages [rarity of ergativity]
• Afro-Asiatic
• Akkadian
• Albanian
• Algonquian
• Algonquian languages
• Algonquian [verb]
• Algonquian [verb] [transitive]
• Altaic
• Amazonian languages
• American Indian languages
• American Indian languages [differences from Indo-European languages]
• American Indian languages [genetic relationship between]
• Amharic
• Anatolian
• Anatolian [early separation from Indo-European]
• Anatolian languages
• Ancient Greek
• Andi languages
• Arabana
• Arawak
• Armenian
• Armenian [characteristics of case system]
• Armenian [Classical]
• Armenian [hybrid language]
• Aryan
• Assiniboine
• Assyrian
• Athapaskan
• Athapaskan languages
• Australian
• Australian languages
• Austro-Asiatic languages
• Austronesian languages
• Avar
• Avestan
• Azerbaijan
• Azerbaijan [northern]
• Baltic
• Balto-Fennic languages
• Balto-Slavic
• Bantu languages
• Basque
• Bezhti
• Biblical Hebrew
• Britannic
• Bulgarian
• Burushaski
• Caddoan languages
• Camaiura
• Carib
• Catalan
• Caucasian
• Caucasian languages
• Caucasian languages [central]
• Caucasian languages [western]
• Celtiberian
• Celtiberian [syntax] [linguistic residues]
• Celtic
• Celtic [absence of augment]
• Celtic [continental]
• Celtic [Iberian]
• Celtic [insular]
• Celtic [insular] [syntax]
• Celtic [mainland]
• Central American languages
• Centum languages
• Chadic
• Chaldean
• Chinese
• Chinook
• Choctaw
• Chukchee-Kamachatkan
• Cimmerian
• Coasati
• Common Anatolian
• Corsican
• Creek
• Crow
• Cushitic languages
• Daghestanian languages
• Dakota
• dead languages
• dead languages [grammatical analysis of]
• Dogrib
• Dravidian
• Dutch
• Dyirbal
• Elamite
• English
• Eskimo
• Eskimo-Aleut
• Etruscan
• Eurasian languages [links with Africa]
• European languages
• Eyak
• Fijian
• Finnish
• Finno-Ugric languages
• French
• Gaelic
• Gascon
• Gaulish
• Georgian
• Georgian [loan words from Greek]
• German
• German [consonant shift]
• Germanic
• Germanic [early]
• Germanic languages
• Gorokan languages
• Gothic
• Greek
• Greek [Ancient]
• Greek [city-states] [Bosporus]
• Greek [Classical]
• Greek [copying of structures]
• Greek [early]
• Greek [Homeric]
• Greek [influence on Latin syntax]
• Greek [Mycenaean]
• Greek [origins of]
• Greek [people]
• Greek [translations from]
• Guarani
• Guarani [active-stative system]
• Guarani [Classical]
• Guarani [Colloquial]
• Gujarati
• Haida
• Hamito-Semitic languages
• Hattic
• Hausa
• Hichiti
• Hidatsa
• Hindi
• Hittite
• Hittite [archaisms]
• Hittite [case system]
• Hittite [earlier stages]
• Hittite [genitive plural]
• Hittite [position within Indo-European]
• Hittite [rituals]
• Hittite [specific linguistic characteristics]
• Hittite [two-class nominal system]
• Hittite [wish prayers]
• Hokan languages
• Hopi
• Hungarian
• Hupa
• Huron
• Hurrian
• Indian languages
• Indic
• Indo-Aryan
• Indo-Aryan languages
• Indo-Aryan languages [evolution of]
• Indo-European
• Indo-European languages
• Indo-European languages [classical] [origin of perfect]
• Indo-European languages [gender system]
• Indo-European languages [history of]
• Indo-European languages [interrelationship of]
• Indo-European languages [sub-grouping]
• Indo-Iranian
• Indo-Iranian languages
• Iranian
• Iranian [influence]
• Iranian languages
• Iranian languages [early stages]
• Iranian [people] [Turkization of]
• Iranian [tribes]
• Irish
• Iroquoian languages
• Iroquois
• Italian
• Italic
• Italic [separation from Old Irish]
• Japanese
• Kartvelian
• Kartvelian languages
• Kartvelian languages [nominative]
• Khoisan languages
• Kryz
• Kurdish
• Lakhota
• Lardil
• Latin
• Latin [Classical]
• Latin [colloquial]
• Latin [early]
• Latin-Faliscan
• Latin [Late]
• Latin [stages of]
• Latin [syntax of]
• Lezgian languages
• Lezgian languages [proto-language]
• Lithuanian
• Lolo-Burmese languages
• Luvian
• Lycian
• Lydian
• Maidu
• Malayalam
• Mandan
• Marathi
• Maya-Quiche
• Mayan
• Mayan languages
• Middle Cimmerian
• Middle English
• Middle Indic
• Middle Indo-Aryan
• Middle Iranian
• Mingrelian
• Mingrelian [ergative to nominative] [aorist]
• Mitanni
• Mohawk
• Mojave
• Mongolian
• Motu
• Murinypata
• Muskogean
• Muskogee
• Mycenaean
• Nadene
• Nakh-Daghestanian languages
• Nakh-Daghestanian languages [absence of genitivus objectivus]
• Nakh-Daghestanian languages [protolanguage]
• Nakh-Daghestanian languages [sub-grouping]
• Navajo
• Navajo [color vocabulary]
• Navajo [history of]
• Navajo [noun]
• Navajo [number]
• Navajo [pronominal system]
• Navajo [verbal morphology]
• Neapolitan
• New High German
• Ngarluma
• Nilo-Saharan languages
• Nostratic
• Nostratic theory
• Old Armenian
• Old Bulgarian
• Old Celtic
• Old Church Slavonic
• Old Cimmerian
• Old English
• Old Faliscan
• Old French
• Old Georgian
• Old High German
• Old Hittite
• Old Icelandic
• Old Indic
• Old Iranian
• Old Irish
• Old Irish [separation from Italic]
• Old Latin
• Old Norse
• Old Persian
• Old Persian [ergative] [passive origin of]
• Old Saxon
• Old Slavic
• Oscan
• Osco-Umbrian
• Ossetic
• Ossetic [characteristics of case system]
• Paiute
• Palaic
• Paleo-Siberian languages
• Pama-Nyungan
• Panini
• Panjabi
• Papuan languages
• Parthian
• Persian
• Philippine languages
• Phrygian
• Pictish
• Polynesian
• Polynesian languages
• Pomoan languages
• Ponca
• Portuguese
• Portuguese [Brazilian] [archaic nature of]
• Portuguese [continental]
• Prakrit
• Quechua
• Romance languages
• Romance languages [syntactic-typological split]
• Romance languages [syntax]
• Romance languages [two syntactic sub-groups]
• Rumanian
• Russian
• Russian [nyet] [existential negation]
• Russian [possessive]
• Salish
• Sanskrit
• Sanskrit [as origin of Indo-European languages]
• Sanskrit [Classical]
• Sardinian
• Satem languages
• Scandinavian languages [influence on English]
• Scytho-Sarmatian languages
• Semitic languages
• Semitic languages [influence of]
• Semitic languages [spread of]
• Shoshonean languages
• Sicilian
• Sino-Tibetan languages
• Siouan
• Siouan languages
• Siriono
• Slavic
• Slavic languages
• Somoan languages
• South American languages [origins of]
• Spanish
• Squamish
• Sumerian
• Swahili
• Tabasaran
• Tadzhik
• Tagalog
• Takelma
• Tamil
• Telugu
• Teton
• Tewan languages
• Tibetan
• Tibeto-Burman languages
• Tlingit
• Tocharian
• Tocharian [agglutination] [innovation]
• Tongan
• Tungusic
• Tunica
• Tupi-Guarani
• Tupi-Guarani languages
• Tupinamba
• Turkic
• Turkic languages
• Turkic languages [influence of]
• Turkish
• Udi
• Umbrian
• Uralic languages
• Urartian
• Uto-Aztecan
• Uto-Aztecan languages
• Vedic Sanskrit
• Venetic
• Walbiri
• Wappo
• Winnebago
• Yagnobi
• Yana
• Yidin
• Yuman languages

LEXICON

• active nouns [as subjects]
• active nouns [vs. stative nouns]
• active verbs
• active verbs [causative] [inflection]
• active verbs [negative paradigm of]
• active verbs [non-causative] [inflection]
• active verbs [non-causative] [periphrastic inflection]
• active verbs [passive meaning]
• active verbs [stem]
• active verbs [sub-classes of]
• active verbs [vs. stative verbs]
• active [vs. stative]
• affective verbs
• agent [inanimate]
• animacy
• animacy [grammaticalized]
• animacy opposition [reflexes in lexicon]
• animacy [scale of]
• animacy [vs. inanimacy]
• animate
• animate noun [vs. inanimate noun]
• animate noun [vs. inanimate noun] [case marking] [Indo-European]
• animate verb
• animate verb [vs. inanimate verb]
• animate [vs. inanimate]
• animate [vs. inanimate] [Indo-European]
• body parts [nouns referring to]
• centrifugal process [verbs denoting]
• centripetal process [verbs denoting]
• collective
• collective [derived]
• collective [human]
• collective [in *-a]
• collective [plural value] [Hittite]
• copula
• copula [absence of]
• copula [expressing predicate]
• copula [two-place]
• doublet
• doublet [nominal]
• doublet [verbal]
• doublet [verbal] [Indo-European]
• ergative verbs
• human [vs. non-human]
• impersonal verbs
• impersonal verbs [Indo-European]
• inalienability
• inalienability [physical]
• inanimate
• indefinite
• indefinite [human]
• indefinite [vs. definite]
• instrument [inanimate]
• kinship relations [nouns referring to]
• lexicon [structural organization]
• linguistic borrowing [lexical items]
• noun [abstract]
• noun [classes of]
• noun classification
• noun [ergative inflection] [vs. accusative inflection for pronouns]
• noun [gender classification]
• noun [inflection of]
• noun [stem]
• noun [stem] [secondary]
• noun [thematic]
• pronoun [accusative inflection] [vs. ergative inflection for nouns]
• stative noun [vs. active noun]
• stative verbs
• stative verbs [inchoative]
• stative verbs [inflection]
• stative verbs [negation]
• stative verbs [stem]
• stative verbs [vs. active verbs]
• suppletion
• suppletion [lexical]
• suppletion [patterns of]
• suppletion [pronominal]
• suppletion [stem]
• suppletion [verbal]
• verb [active]
• verb [active vs. stative]
• verb [auxiliary]
• verb class
• verb [impersonal]
• verb [inflection]
• verb [intransitive]
• verb [modal]
• verb [of existence]
• verb [of perception]
• verb [three classes of]
• verb [transimpersonal]
• verb [transitive]
• verb [transitive] [subject]

LINGUISTIC CONSTRUCTIONS

• ab urbe condita construction [Latin]
• ablative absolute [Latin]
• ablative absolute [Latin] [development of]
• ablative absolute [Latin] [Greek influence]
• absolute construction
• absolute construction [ablative] [Italic]
• absolute construction [dative] [Old Church Slavonic]
• absolute construction [dative] [Old English]
• absolute construction [development of]
• absolute construction [development of] [Latin]
• absolute construction [genitive] [Greek]
• absolute construction [including a preposition]
• absolute construction [Indo-European]
• absolute construction [Indo-European] [comparative analysis]
• absolute construction [locative] [Vedic]
• absolute construction [nominative] [genitive]
• absolute construction [Oscan]
• absolute construction [perfective] [imperfective]
• absolute construction [personal]
• absolute construction [personal] [antiquity of]
• accusative construction
• accusative construction [origin of]
• accusativus cum infinitivus
• accusativus cum infinitivus [absence of] [Romance languages]
• activa tantum
• active construction
• active construction [vs. passive construction]
• ad [Latin] [use with gerundive]
• affective construction
• affective construction [comparison of]
• affective construction [verbs denoting perception]
• bahuvrihi compounds
• biclausal construction
• casus absolutivus
• casus activus
• casus emanativus
• casus energeticus
• casus indefinitus
• casus indefinitus [remnants of]
• casus indefinitus [vs. casus absolutivus]
• casus inertiae
• casus obiectivus
• casus obliquus [agent in] [Latin]
• casus passivus
• dative-subject construction
• dative with infinitive construction
• dativus possessionis [Latin]
• endocentric construction
• ergative construction
• ergative construction [agent of]
• ergative construction [as passive]
• ergative construction [characteristics of]
• ergative construction [diachronic explanations]
• ergative construction [disappearance of]
• ergative construction [expansion of]
• ergative construction [Indo-Aryan]
• ergative construction [Indo-Aryan] [development of]
• ergative construction [Indo-Iranian]
• ergative construction [Indo-Iranian] [development of]
• ergative construction [Indo-Iranian] [origin of]
• ergative construction [integrated with nominative]
• ergative construction [inverted] [Finnish]
• ergative construction [oldest linguistic type]
• ergative construction [one-place]
• ergative construction [origin in ablative]
• ergative construction [origin in old instrumental]
• ergative construction [passive interpretation of]
• ergative construction [past tense only] [Iranian languages]
• ergative construction [representing 'primitive' mentality]
• ergative construction [semantically similar to intransitive]
• ergative construction [Tibeto-Burman languages]
• esse [Latin] [use with gerundive]
• existential construction
• existential-locative construction
• exocentric construction
• genitivus objectivus [absence of]
• genitivus objectivus [co-occurs only with genitivus subjectivus]
• genitivus possessivus
• genitivus possessivus [co-occurs only with genitivus subjectivus and objectivus]
• genitivus subjectivus
• gerund [periphrastic conjugation] [Latin]
• gerundi modus
• gerundive construction
• gerundive construction [Latin]
• gerundive construction [Oscan-Umbrian]
• gerundive construction [relationship to participial construction]
• gerundive construction [replacement by relative clause]
• gerundive construction [with esse] [Latin]
• gerundive [impersonal] [Latin]
• head-modifier constructions
• impersonal construction
• impersonal construction [denoting physical experience]
• impersonal construction [denoting psychological states]
• impersonal construction [denoting weather conditions]
• impersonal construction [with oblique agent]
• impersonal passive
• impersonal passive [Latin]
• infinitive construction
• intransitive construction
• intransitive construction [vs. transitive construction]
• intransitive-nominative construction
• isolating structure
• locative construction
• locative-possessive construction
• locative-possessive construction [Hindi]
• locative-subject construction
• mihi est construction
• mihi est construction [denoting necessity] [Latin]
• mihi est construction [denoting possession]
• mihi est construction [denoting possession] [Latin]
• mihi est construction [Latin]
• mihi est construction [verbal]
• nominal construction
• nominative construction
• nominative construction [Indo-European]
• OV structures
• participial construction
• participial construction [Indo-Aryan]
• participial construction [Iranian]
• participial construction [Lithuanian]
• participial construction [passive meaning]
• participial construction [passive meaning] [Old Indo-Aryan]
• participial construction [passive meaning] [Old Iranian]
• participial construction [possessive meaning]
• participial construction [subject of]
• participial construction [with preposition]
• perfect construction
• possessive construction
• possessive construction [contamination with *dar] [Iranian languages]
• possessive construction [correlation in form with transitive verbs]
• possessive construction [dative]
• possessive construction [genitive]
• possessive construction [Indo-European]
• possessive construction [nominal]
• possessive construction [with verb have] [late development] [Indo-European]
• reciprocal construction
• relative construction
• subject-predicate construction
• thematic formation
• transitive-active construction
• transitive construction
• transitive construction [passive of]
• transitive construction [three-tiered]
• transitive construction [vs. intransitive construction]
• transitive-ergative construction
• transitive-nominative construction
• verba afectuum
• verba declarandi
• verba habendi
• verba habendi [absence of]
• verba intransitiva
• verba sentiendi
• verba sentiendi [no unitary type in IE]
• verba transitiva
• VO structures
• z-centered expression

LINGUISTIC ITEMS

• à moi est [French]
• à moi est [French] [parallel usage with j'ai]
• à moi est [French] [partial contamination of]
• a [prepositional accusative] [Spanish]
• a [use with animate beings] [Spanish]
• ad [Latin]
• ad [Latin] [use with gerundive]
• aki [Hittite]
• avoir [verb denoting possession] [French]
• be [copula]
• be [English]
• be [existential]
• be [stative verb] [English]
• ci [Italian]
• dasein [German]
• dhar [Old Indic]
• ego [vs. me] [Latin]
• ekhein [verb denoting possession] [Greek]
• es donnert [German]
• es duerstet mich [German]
• es gibt [German]
• es regnet [German]
• esse [Latin]
• est [locative] [Latin]
• être [French]
• facit [Latin]
• fire [two words in Proto-Indo-European]
• haban [verb denoting possession] [Gothic]
• habere [auxiliary] [Latin]
• habere[development of] [Latin]
• habere [verb denoting possession] [Latin]
• habet [impersonal] [Latin]
• have [absence of root in Indo-European]
• have [abstract]
• have [auxiliary] [extension from transitives to intransitives]
• have [perfect]
• have [rarity of]
• have [semantic value]
• have [verb denoting possession] [English]
• hear [non-progressive stative]
• hold [concrete meaning]
• ich habe Durst [German]
• il y a [French]
• it [anaphor]
• it [impersonal verbs]
• it [impersonal verbs] [semantically empty]
• it [syntactic]
• me pudet [Latin]
• mich duerstet [German]
• mich friert [German]
• mich hungert [German]
• mir traeumt [German]
• moneo [Latin]
• pe [prepositional accusative] [Rumanian]
• perire [Latin]
• pluit [Latin]
• see [non-progressive stative]
• *ta- [Indo-Iranian]
• there [English]
• urbe capta [Latin]
• y [French]
• yast [Indo-Iranian]

METHODS, APPROACHES, AND HYPOTHESES

• active hypothesis [early Indo-European]
• archeology
• archeology [evidence of]
• archeology [evidence of] [vs. linguistics]
• archeology [methods and techniques] [development of]
• archeology [textiles]
• archeology [tokens]
• archeology [use of]
• areal linguistics
• areal linguistics [diffusion-based approach]
• areal theory
• chronology [absolute]
• chronology [internal]
• chronology [relative]
• chronology [relative] [linguistic phenomena]
• chronology [relative] [morphology]
• chronology [relative] [phonology]
• comparative grammar
• comparative linguistics
• comparative linguistics [dynamics of the field]
• comparative linguistics [Indo-European]
• comparative linguistics [principles of]
• comparative method
• comparative method [Indo-European]
• comparative method [lexicon]
• content typology
• cross-linguistic comparison
• descriptive grammar
• diachronic linguistics
• diachronic research
• ergative hypothesis [Indo-European]
• ergativity [approaches to]
• ergativity [theory of]
• ethnolinguistics
• evolution [as explanation]
• functional explanations
• functional linguistics
• glottalic theory
• Greek-Latin hypothesis
• heuristic method
• historical-comparative linguistics
• historical-comparative linguistics [methodology of]
• historical-comparative method
• history of Indo-European linguistics [historical approach]
• history of Indo-European linguistics [linguistic approach]
• history of Indo-European linguistics [systematic approach]
• history of Indo-European linguistics [typology]
• Indo-European linguistics [history of]
• Indo-Hittite hypothesis
• Italo-Celtic hypothesis
• japhetitic theory
• laryngeal theory
• linguistic paleontology
• linguistic typology
• linguistic typology [role in language reconstruction]
• localist hypothesis
• methodology [Indo-European studies]
• models [interrelationships of]
• models [spread of languages,peoples,linguistic characteristics]
• natural serialization [principle of]
• Neo-Grammarians
• population-typological approach
• quantitative method
• research [combination of types]
• research [types of]
• sampling procedure [bottom-up]
• sampling procedure [top-down]
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
• Schwundhypothese [Hittite]
• sociolinguistics
• systemic approach [typological research]
• textual data [use of]
• theoretical constructs
• theoretical explanation
• theoretical models
• typological classification
• typological correlation
• typological linguistics
• typological method
• typological parallels
• typology
• typology [active]
• typology [basic word order]
• typology [biological]
• typology [case-marking systems]
• typology [classification of languages]
• typology [comparative]
• typology [constraints]
• typology [content-oriented]
• typology [diachronic]
• typology [diversity]
• typology [ergative]
• typology [ergative-accusative]
• typology [formal]
• typology [genetic classification]
• typology [markedness-based]
• typology [morpho-syntactic]
• typology [nominative]
• typology [phonological]
• typology [population]
• typology [Proto-Indo-European]
• typology [relational]
• typology [relational] [links to socio-economic development]
• typology [role in diachronic comparative linguistics]
• typology [structural]
• typology [syntactic]
• typology [word order]
• Wackernagel's Law
• Wellentheorie

MORPHOLOGICAL ITEMS

• -a [interrogative] [Mandan]
• -(a)nt- [Hittite] [interpretations of]
• a- stems [feminine]
• a- stems [Indo-European]
• a- stems [Lycian]
• *a- stems [Old Iranian]
• a- subjunctive [Celtic]
• a- subjunctive [Celtic] [Italic]
• -a- [theme in] [secondary development of] [Hittite]
• a- [verbs of motion] [Mandan]
• -an- [conflation with ablative -z(a)]
• *-an [original r/n-stem ending]
• -an- [stem final] [Hittite]
• -ant- [active subject] [Hittite]
• -ant-an [accusative singular] [Hittite]
• -ant- [animate derivative] [Hittite]
• -ant- [animate] [Hittite]
• -ant-as [genitive singular] [Hittite]
• -ant- [built on oblique case] [Hittite]
• -ant- [derivative] [Hittite] [Luwian]
• -ant-es [nominative plural] [Hittite]
• -ant- [explanation of] [Hittite]
• -ant- [individualizing function] [Hittite]
• -ant- [magic rites] [Hittite]
• -ant- [nominative] [Hittite]
• -ant-s [nominative singular] [Hittite]
• -ant- [suffix] [Anatolian]
• -ant- [theme] [Hittite]
• -ant- [transfer from inanimate to animate class]
• -ants- [nominative] [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [ablative] [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [creation of] [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [outgrowth of -z(a)] [Hittite]
• -anz(a) [reinterpretation as ablative marker] [Hittite]
• -anza [Hittite] [ablative]
• -anza [Hittite] [ablative] [interpretations of]
• -az [ablative] [Hittite]
• -az [Hittite]
• bav- [to be, become] [early Iranian]
• -bilis [adjectives in] [Latin]
• -bilis [transitive adjectives] [Latin]
• -d [local form] [Hittite]
• -d [pronominal locative] [Hittite]
• -dh [suffix] [Indo-European]
• *e- [augment]
• -é [verbal adjective]
• *-ed [ablative created from postposition]
• -ee [English deverbal nominalizer]
• -eie/o- [causative morpheme] [Indo-European]
• *-en [original r/n-stem ending]
• -essar [neuter] [Hittite]
• H- conjugation [Hittite]
• -ha [instrumental] [Mandan]
• hi- conjugation [Hittite]
• -i [adverbial case] [Indo-Iranian]
• i- [directional] [Mandan]
• -i/-e inflection [Iranian languages]
• -i [expansion of] [Celtic] [Italic]
• -i [genitive] [Celtic] [Italic]
• i- [instrumental] [Mandan]
• -i [Latin] [nominative plural]
• i- [locative] [Mandan]
• i- stem
• i- stem [Classical Armenian]
• i [theme vowel] [medio-passive function]
• ka- [agentive] [Mandan]
• ka- [inceptive] [Mandan]
• -kac [customary] [Mandan]
• kas- [usitative] [Mandan]
• ki- [iterative] [Mandan]
• ko- [comparative and superlative] [Mandan]
• *-m [accusative case] [Indo-European]
• *-m [accusative case] [Indo-European] [interpretations of]
• -m [accusative] [Indo-European]
• -m [accusative] [Latin]
• -m [accusative] [origin of] [Indo-European]
• -m- [alienable noun] [Algonquian]
• -m- conjugation [Hittite]
• -m [extension from allative to accusative] [Indo-European]
• -m- [first person singular] [Indo-European]
• -m [Hittite] [late development of]
• ma- [Tagalog] [marker of stativity]
• mag- [Tagalog] [marker of activity]
• -menos [Greek] [participle]
• mi- conjugation [Hittite]
• mi- [passive participle] [Luwian]
• -mi [verbal ending] [Celtic]
• *-N [absolutive marker] [Indo-European]
• -n- infixation
• n- stem [Hittite]
• n- stem [inflection of] [Hittite]
• -na [interrogative] [Mandan]
• -nd- [Latin] [adjective]
• -nd- [Latin] [noun]
• -nd- [Latin] [origin of]
• -nt- [imperfect participle] [Latin]
• -nt- [imperfect participle] [Proto-Indo-European]
• -nt- [nominal suffix] [Hittite]
• -nt- [participle] [Hittite]
• -nt- [suffix] [Indo-European]
• -nt- [verbal adjective] [Hittite]
• -nu- [Hittite] [causative]
• o- [dual function] [Mandan]
• o- [future] [Mandan]
• o- [locative] [Mandan]
• o- [nominalizer] [Mandan]
• o- stem [accusative of] [Indo-European]
• o- stem [Indo-European]
• -os [genitive-ergative] [reinterpretation of]
• -os [Latin] [accusative plural]
• parn- [oblique stem] [Hittite]
• per- [ancestor of endingless locative]
• -r endings [Latin]
• *-r [ergative marker] [Indo-European]
• -r [formations in] [Hittite]
• -r [formations in] [impersonal] [Indo-European languages]
• -r [impersonal forms]
• -r/n [heteroclitic] [Hittite]
• -r/n [nominal inflection] [Indo-European]
• -r/n stem
• -r/n stem [Anatolian]
• -r/n stem [Indo-European]
• -r stem
• -r [theme in]
• -r [Tocharian A]
• -r [verb forms] [Indo-European]
• -r [verb forms] [Italic]
• -r [verb forms] [various Indo-European daughter languages]
• re- [iterative] [English]
• -s [aorist]
• -s [aorist] [preservation in Hittite]
• -s endings [case]
• -s [ergative] [transference from transitive to intransitive subject]
• -s [future] [Proto-Celtic]
• -s [loss of] [Indo-European]
• -s [masculine-feminine nominative]
• s- [nominalizer] [Squamish]
• *-s [nominative case] [Indo-European]
• *-s [nominative case] [Indo-European] [interpretations of]
• -s [nominative] [Indo-European]
• -s [nominative] [Indo-European] [ergative hypothesis]
• -s [nominative] [Indo-European] [origin of]
• -s [origin of] [Indo-European]
• -s [preterit]
• -s [preterit] [Old Irish]
• -s [preterit] [Proto-Celtic]
• -s [reanalysis of genitive-ablative -os/-s]
• -s [subjunctive] [Proto-Celtic]
• -sk(e)- [West Tocharian] [causative]
• *sn- [change to *n-] [anlaut] [Classical Armenian] [Greek] [Latin]
• -so [locative] [Mandan]
• -stoc [obligation] [Mandan]
• -t [directional] [Mandan]
• -t [Latin] [third person singular]
• -ta [locative] [Mandan]
• ta participle [Indo-Iranian]
• -tc [intentive] [Mandan]
• -teon [Greek] [verbal noun]
• -teos [Greek] [verbal adjective]
• -tio [verbal noun] [Latin]
• -to- [perfect participle] [Proto-Indo-European]
• -tum [infinitive] [Old Indic]
• -turum [adjectival infinitive] [Latin]
• -ucanem [causative] [Armenian]
• -um [Latin] [accusative singular]
• -um- [Tagalog] [marker of activity]
• -unt [Latin] [third person plural]
• -us [Latin] [nominative singular]
• wa- [negative] [Mandan]
• -z(a) [adverbial form] [basis in locative] [Hittite]
• -z(a) [athematic ablative] [Hittite]
• -z(a) [athematic counterpart of -az] [Hittite]
• -z(a) [etymology of] [Hittite]
• -z(a) [productivity of] [Hittite]

MORPHOLOGY

• accusative marking [Silverstein's NP hierarchy]
• accusativity [morphological]
• active endings
• active endings [Indo-European]
• active languages [morphology of]
• active verbs [causative] [inflection]
• active verbs [inflection]
• active verbs [non-causative] [inflection]
• active verbs [non-causative] [periphrastic inflection]
• active verbs [objective inflection of]
• affix
• affix [bound]
• affix [bound] [pronominal]
• affix [case]
• affix [causative]
• affix [cross-referencing]
• affix [derivational]
• affix [imperfect]
• affix [nominalizing]
• affix [O]
• affix [passive]
• affix [personal]
• affix [personal] [absolute vs. ergative]
• affix [personal] [active vs. stative]
• affix [personal] [subjective-objective]
• affix [plural]
• affix [positive]
• affix [possessive]
• affix [possessive] [inalienable]
• affix [pronominal]
• affix [pronominal] [classification of]
• affix [pronominal] [possessive]
• affix [semi-reflexive]
• affix [subject]
• affix [subject] [morphological incorporation of]
• affix [verbal]
• affix [verbal] [inactive]
• agreement
• agreement [adjective]
• agreement [class vs. person]
• agreement [complement and predicate]
• agreement [gender]
• agreement [number] [development of]
• agreement [object-verb]
• agreement [participle]
• agreement [subject]
• agreement [subject-object]
• agreement [subject-verb]
• agreement [verbal]
• agreement [verbal] [accusative]
• agreement [verbal] [Indo-Iranian languages]
• agreement [verbal] [with direct object]
• agreement [verbal] [with intransitive subject]
• agreement [verbal] [with transitive subject]
• analycity
• athematic formation
• augment
• auxiliary [inflection of]
• case marking [morphological]
• causative
• clitic
• conjugation [prefixal]
• conjugation [stative]
• cross-reference [verbal]
• cross-reference [verbal] [ergative]
• declension
• declension [heteroclitic]
• declension [Indo-European] [development of]
• declension [nominal] [feminine]
• declension [nominal] [Indo-European]
• declension [nominal] [masculine]
• declension [thematic]
• derivation
• derivative [formation of]
• double marking
• early nominal inflection [-s] [-m] [-h] [Proto-Indo-European]
• enclitic
• enclitic [Indo-European]
• ergative endings [extension to subject of intransitive]
• ergative marking
• ergative marking [Silverstein's NP hierarchy]
• ergative morphology
• ergative morphology [correlation with perfect]
• ergativity [morphological]
• fluid-S marking
• full-grade
• gerund [as declined infinitive] [Latin]
• gerundive
• gerundive [predicative] [loss of]
• gradation [stem]
• grade [lengthened]
• grade [reduced]
• heteroclitic
• infinitive [inflected]
• infix
• infixation [Indo-European]
• inflection
• inflection [accusative]
• inflection [active]
• inflection [adjective]
• inflection [animate]
• inflection [animate nouns and pronouns]
• inflection [aspectual]
• inflection [athematic]
• inflection [case]
• inflection [case] [ergative-absolutive]
• inflection [case] [nominal]
• inflection [class]
• inflection [defective]
• inflection [deponent]
• inflection [destruction of]
• inflection [ergative]
• inflection [ergative] [past tense]
• inflection [ergative vs. absolutive]
• inflection [heterogeneous]
• inflection [imperative]
• inflection [Indo-Iranian languages]
• inflection [instrumental]
• inflection [medio-passive]
• inflection [medio-passive] [with objects]
• inflection [nominal]
• inflection [nominal] [earlier stages]
• inflection [nominal] [ergative]
• inflection [nominal] [Indo-European]
• inflection [nominal] [origin of]
• inflection [nominative-ergative]
• inflection [number]
• inflection [personal]
• inflection [possessive]
• inflection [pronominal] [dichotomy of]
• inflection [pronominal] [Indo-European]
• inflection [stative]
• inflection [stative] [residues of]
• inflection [thematic]
• inflection [verbal]
• inflection [verbal] [incorporating]
• inflection [verbal] [Indo-European]
• inflection [verbal] [polypersonal]
• inflection [verbal] [stative-active]
• inflectional marking
• introflexion [Proto-Indo-European noun]
• Latin [Late] [superlative]
• marker [absolutive]
• marker [accusative]
• marker [active languages]
• marker [agent]
• marker [class]
• marker [comitative]
• marker [cross-reference]
• marker [deictic]
• marker [dual]
• marker [ergative]
• marker [grammatical]
• marker [inchoative]
• marker [instrumental]
• marker [medio-passive]
• marker [non-zero] [nominative case] [Indo-European]
• marker [object]
• marker [person]
• marker [plural]
• marker [relative clause]
• marker [subject]
• marker [syntactic]
• marker [verbal] [semantically based]
• marker [verbal] [syntactically based]
• marker [zero]
• marker [zero] [nominative case]
• morphological distinction [definite and indefinite NPs] [absence of]
• morphology
• morphology [archaic]
• morphology [complex]
• morphology [derivational]
• morphology [development of]
• morphology [ergative]
• morphology [Hittite]
• morphology [inflectional]
• morphology [irregularities] [Indo-European]
• morphology [nominal]
• morphology [nominal] [Indo-European]
• morphology [split-ergative]
• morphology [subject-like]
• morphology [suffixal]
• morphology [verbal] [ergative]
• morphology [verbal] [Navajo]
• nominal endings [active] [inactive] [collective reference]
• nominal endings [early case system]
• nominal system
• nominal system [accusative] [Dyirbal] [Choctaw]
• nominal system [Indo-European]
• nominalization
• nominative marking
• nominative morpheme [expansion of]
• NP [case marking]
• NP [case marking] [overt]
• NP [particle-marking]
• number morpheme
• object marking [indirect]
• perfect-medio-passive endings [Indo-European]
• person marking [verbal inflection]
• phonetic erosion
• prefix
• prefix [A]
• prefix [agent]
• prefix [beneficiary]
• prefix [bound]
• prefix [case]
• prefix [causative]
• prefix [dative]
• prefix [directional]
• prefix [instrumental]
• prefix [nominal]
• prefix [nominalizing]
• prefix [non-zero]
• prefix [O]
• prefix [object]
• prefix [patient]
• prefix [personal]
• prefix [possessive]
• prefix [progressive]
• prefix [pronominal]
• prefix [subject]
• prefix [verbal]
• prepositional marking
• prepositional marking [absence of]
• proclitic
• pronominal system
• pronominal system [active] [vs. accusative system for nominal]
• pronoun [inflection]
• reduplication
• reference marking
• sandhi
• sandhi [external]
• sandhi [internal]
• special-A marking
• split marking
• split-S marking
• stative verbs [inflection]
• suffix
• suffix [absolute]
• suffix [case]
• suffix [causative]
• suffix [connective]
• suffix [demonstrative]
• suffix [dental] [Hattic]
• suffix [derivational]
• suffix [disjunctive]
• suffix [distributive]
• suffix [emphatic]
• suffix [gender]
• suffix [inalienable]
• suffix [inchoative]
• suffix [negative]
• suffix [optative]
• suffix [passive]
• suffix [plural]
• suffix [progressive]
• suffix [reversive]
• suffix [stative]
• suffix [subject]
• suffix [subordinating]
• suffix [temporal]
• suffix [thematic]
• suffix [transitive]
• suffix [verbal]
• suffixation
• superlative
• suppletion
• syntheticity
• theme vowel
• verb [inflection]
• verbal system
• verbal system [Germanic]
• verbal system [Indo-European]
• vocalic alternation [Indo-European] [morphological device]
• zero allomorph
• zero ending

PARTS OF SPEECH

• adjective
• adjective [absence of]
• adjective [agreement]
• adjective [as intransitive verb]
• adjective [attributive]
• adjective [comparative]
• adjective [conjugated] [Dakota]
• adjective [deadjectival]
• adjective [demonstrative]
• adjective [denominal]
• adjective [deverbal]
• adjective [deverbal] [Indo-European]
• adjective [deverbal] [stative]
• adjective [lack of]
• adjective [Latin]
• adjective-noun distinction
• adjective [perfective]
• adjective [placement of]
• adjective [possessive]
• adjective [stative languages]
• adjective [stem]
• adjective [superlative]
• adjective [verbal]
• adjective [verbal] [Greek]
• adjective [verbal] [Indo-European]
• adjective [verbal] [Latin]
• adposition
• adposition [absence of]
• adverb
• adverb [demonstrative]
• adverb [Hittite]
• adverb [locative]
• adverb [locative] [formation of]
• adverb [Vedic]
• article
• article [as substantive]
• article [case marking] [German]
• article [combined with infinitive] [Greek]
• article [definite]
• article [indefinite]
• article [postpositive]
• attribution
• conjunction
• conjunction [connective]
• demonstrative
• demonstrative [active-stative distinction]
• demonstrative [as noun]
• demonstrative [stem]
• gerund
• gerund [ablative]
• gerundive
• noun
• noun [abstract]
• noun [active]
• noun [active vs. stative]
• noun [alienable]
• noun [animate]
• noun [animate] [Hittite]
• noun [animate vs. inanimate]
• noun [athematic]
• noun [attributive]
• noun [case patterning]
• noun [classes of]
• noun [classes of] [Navajo]
• noun [collective]
• noun [compound]
• noun [denoting physical quantity]
• noun [deverbal] [Indo-European]
• noun [ergative inflection] [vs. accusative inflection for pronouns]
• noun [feminine]
• noun [free-form]
• noun [hysterodynamic]
• noun [inanimate]
• noun [inanimate] [absence in ergative case]
• noun [incorporation into verb]
• noun [inflection of]
• noun [masculine]
• noun [mass]
• noun [Navajo]
• noun [neuter]
• noun [neuter] [ergative marking] [Indo-European]
• noun [neuter] [inflectional patterns] [Indo-European]
• noun [neuter] [marking of] [Indo-European]
• noun [O precedes A]
• noun [plural of]
• noun [proterodynamic]
• noun [referring to body parts]
• noun [referring to human beings]
• noun [referring to kinship relations]
• noun [stative]
• noun [stem classes]
• noun [thematic]
• noun [unmarked for case]
• noun [verbal]
• noun [verbal] [absence of]
• noun [verbal] [dative]
• noun [verbal] [possessive of]
• noun [verbalization of]
• participle
• participle [ablative]
• participle [active]
• participle [agreement of]
• participle [copulative]
• participle [copulative] [absence in absolute construction] [Latin]
• participle [durative]
• participle [future]
• participle [imperfective]
• participle [Indo-Iranian]
• participle [Iranian]
• participle [lexicalized]
• participle [nominal properties] [Indo-Aryan]
• participle [nominal properties] [Iranian]
• participle [passive]
• participle [past]
• participle [perfect]
• participle [perfect] [Indo-Iranian]
• participle [perfect] [non-agreement of]
• participle [predicative]
• participle [present]
• participle [present] [Indo-European]
• participle [verbal properties] [Indo-Aryan]
• participle [verbal properties] [Iranian]
• participle [without diathesis]
• particle
• particle [ablative]
• particle [deictic]
• particle [postposition-like]
• particle [postpositive]
• particle [pronominal]
• particle [reflexive] [Hittite]
• particle [reflexive] [Latin]
• particle [suffixation]
• postposition
• postposition [formation of]
• postposition [instrumental value]
• postposition [localizing]
• postposition [marks agent]
• postposition [marks subject of ergative]
• postposition [stem]
• preposition
• preposition [comitative]
• pronoun
• pronoun [A precedes O]
• pronoun [accusative inflection] [vs. ergative inflection for nouns]
• pronoun [active]
• pronoun [agent]
• pronoun [alienable derived from inalienable]
• pronoun [alienable vs. inalienable]
• pronoun [anaphoric] [Indo-European]
• pronoun [bound]
• pronoun [classes of]
• pronoun [classification of]
• pronoun [clitic]
• pronoun [cross-reference]
• pronoun [dative]
• pronoun [demonstrative]
• pronoun [demonstrative] [Indo-European]
• pronoun [direct object]
• pronoun [enclitic]
• pronoun [English]
• pronoun [ergative]
• pronoun [exclusive]
• pronoun [exclusive vs. inclusive]
• pronoun [first person]
• pronoun [first-person] [Indo-European]
• pronoun [free]
• pronoun [free] [ergative inflection]
• pronoun [inclusive]
• pronoun [inclusive vs. exclusive]
• pronoun [indefinite]
• pronoun [independent] [personal]
• pronoun [indirect object]
• pronoun [infixed]
• pronoun [inflection]
• pronoun [inflection] [Indo-European]
• pronoun [instrumental]
• pronoun [interrogative]
• pronoun [Iroquois]
• pronoun [nominative]
• pronoun [nominative-accusative marking] [vs. ergative marking of nouns]
• pronoun [object]
• pronoun [object] [bound]
• pronoun [object] [double]
• pronoun [object] [preceding]
• pronoun [oblique]
• pronoun [patient]
• pronoun [personal]
• pronoun [personal] [independent]
• pronoun [personal] [Indo-European] [ergative interpretation]
• pronoun [personal] [obligatory]
• pronoun [personal] [stem suppletion]
• pronoun [possessive]
• pronoun [possessive] [functional explanation of]
• pronoun [possessive] [semantic explanation of]
• pronoun [prefix]
• pronoun [reflexive]
• pronoun [reflexive] [Latin]
• pronoun [relative]
• pronoun [relative] [inflected]
• pronoun [second person]
• pronoun [stative]
• pronoun [subject]
• pronoun [subject] [bound]
• pronoun [subject] [bound] [obligatory presence of]
• pronoun [subject] [clitic]
• pronoun [subject] [use as possessive]
• pronoun [subordinating]
• pronoun [suppletion]
• pronoun [third person]
• pronoun [third person] [absence of] [Mandan]
• pronoun [third person] [Navajo]
• pronoun [third person] [near to speaker] [Navajo]
• pronoun [third person] [remote from speaker] [Navajo]
• verb
• verb [active]
• verb [active] [passive interpretation of]
• verb [active vs. stative]
• verb [adjectival]
• verb [affective]
• verb [agentive]
• verb [atelic]
• verb [borrowed]
• verb [categories of]
• verb [causative]
• verb [Celtic] [archaic features of]
• verb [centrifugal version of]
• verb [centrifugal vs. centripetal]
• verb [centripetal vs. centrifugal]
• verb [classes of]
• verb [classification of]
• verb [complement of]
• verb [compound]
• verb [controlled action vs. non-controlled action]
• verb [denoting action]
• verb [denoting event]
• verb [denoting motion]
• verb [denoting possession]
• verb [denoting possession] [absence of]
• verb [denoting possession] [absence of] [active languages]
• verb [denoting possession] [absence of] [Proto-Indo-European]
• verb [denoting possession] [habere] [have] [ekhein] [avoir]
• verb [denoting psychological states]
• verb [denoting purpose]
• verb [denoting state]
• verb [denoting weather conditions]
• verb [ditransitive]
• verb [doublet]
• verb [ergative]
• verb [factitive]
• verb [finite]
• verb [habitual]
• verb [impersonal]
• verb [impersonal] [analogy with syntactic it]
• verb [impersonal] [categories of]
• verb [impersonal] [classification]
• verb [impersonal] [classification] [Indo-European]
• verb [impersonal] [combined with oblique case]
• verb [impersonal] [denoting emotions]
• verb [impersonal] [denoting psychological state]
• verb [impersonal] [denoting weather conditions]
• verb [impersonal] [denoting weather conditions] [with names of gods]
• verb [impersonal] [development of]
• verb [impersonal] [development of personal uses]
• verb [impersonal] [followed by accusative] [Celtic]
• verb [impersonal] [former reference to deities]
• verb [impersonal] [genetic relationship]
• verb [impersonal] [in -r]
• verb [impersonal] [in -r-] [Italic]
• verb [impersonal] [Indo-European]
• verb [impersonal] [involuntary action]
• verb [impersonal] [Latin]
• verb [impersonal] [modality]
• verb [impersonal] [non-universal]
• verb [impersonal] [of emotion]
• verb [impersonal] [origin of]
• verb [impersonal] [passive] [Celtic]
• verb [impersonal] [prescence/absence of subject]
• verb [impersonal] [pronoun]
• verb [impersonal] [pseudo-transitive]
• verb [impersonal] [with es] [German]
• verb [inchoative]
• verb [intransitive]
• verb [intransitive] [argument of]
• verb [intransitive] [causative derivative]
• verb [intransitive] [derived]
• verb [intransitive] [English]
• verb [intransitive] [non-agentive]
• verb [intransitive] [participle of]
• verb [intransitive] [replacement by transitive verb]
• verb [intransitive] [stative]
• verb [intransitive] [stative-active inflection]
• verb [intransitive] [subject of]
• verb [intransitive vs. transitive]
• verb [media tantum]
• verb [modal]
• verb [modal value]
• verb [morphology] [Navajo]
• verb [nominal]
• verb [nominal characteristics]
• verb [of affect]
• verb [of emotion]
• verb [of emotion] [Latin]
• verb [of existence]
• verb [of experience]
• verb [of involuntary action]
• verb [of motion]
• verb [of perception]
• verb [of perception] [Latin]
• verb [of saying]
• verb [of state]
• verb [of volition]
• verb [Old Irish]
• verb [passive]
• verb [passive] [subject of]
• verb [periphrastic]
• verb [periphrastic construction]
• verb [person marking]
• verb [personal] [development of impersonal uses]
• verb [pseudo-transitive]
• verb [quotational]
• verb [reciprocal]
• verb [reflexive]
• verb [semantics of]
• verb [split intransitive]
• verb [stative]
• verb [stative] [root]
• verb [stative vs. active]
• verb [strong]
• verb [strong] [Germanic]
• verb [subjectless]
• verb [telic]
• verb [tense system]
• verb [thematic]
• verb [thematic] [Navajo]
• verb [transitive]
• verb [transitive] [accusative]
• verb [transitive-active]
• verb [transitive] [agent]
• verb [transitive] [English]
• verb [transitive] [ergative]
• verb [transitive] [intransitive use]
• verb [transitive] [nominalized]
• verb [transitive] [object]
• verb [transitive] [origin in causative]
• verb [transitive] [origin in passive]
• verb [transitive] [patient] [oblique case]
• verb [transitive] [pronoun]
• verb [transitive] [relationship to passive]
• verb [transitive] [replacement by intransitive]
• verb [transitive] [semantic agent]
• verb [transitive] [semantic patient]
• verb [transitive] [subject]
• verb [transitive vs. intransitive]
• verb [transitive vs. intransitive] [Hittite]
• verb [translative]
• verb [unmarked for voice]

SEMANTICS

• action
• action [absence of]
• action [accidental]
• action [completed]
• action [consequence of]
• action [continuous]
• action [controllable]
• action [focus of]
• action [habitual]
• action [involuntary]
• action [performer of]
• action [purposeful]
• action [totality of]
• action [voluntary]
• action [voluntary vs. involuntary]
• action [vs. state]
• addressee
• affectedness
• agency
• agency [potential]
• agent
• agent [absence of]
• agent [animate]
• agent [animate vs. inanimate]
• agent [controlling]
• agent [ergative]
• agent [ergative case]
• agent [grammatical]
• agent [human]
• agent [inanimate]
• agent [loss of]
• agent [marked]
• agent [natural]
• agent [neuter]
• agent [nominative case]
• agent/non-agent distinction
• agent [non-human]
• agent [oblique case]
• agent [of transitive verb]
• agent-patient relations
• agent [prototypical]
• agent [reinterpretation as subject]
• agent role
• agent [semantic]
• agent topicalization
• agent [transitive]
• agent [transitive] [ergative marking]
• agent [vs. factitive]
• agent [vs. patient]
• agentive
• agentive system
• agentive [vs. non-agentive]
• agentivity
• agentivity [genitive] [animate nouns]
• agentivity [instrumental] [inanimate nouns]
• Aktionsart
• animacy
• animacy opposition [reflexes in lexicon]
• animacy [scale of]
• animate [vs. inanimate]
• benefactive
• beneficiary
• control
• control [absence of]
• control [precedence over volition]
• controller
• event
• event [argument of]
• event [vs. state]
• experiencer
• goal
• goal [accusative]
• goal [case of]
• goal [dative]
• goal [merger with subject of intransitive]
• goal [nominative]
• initiator
• instrument
• instrumentality
• modality
• participant
• patient
• patient [absolutive case]
• patient [enclitic]
• patient focus
• patient [grammatical]
• patient [inactive]
• patient [neuter]
• patient [prototypical]
• patient [rhematic]
• patient [transitive]
• patient [transitive] [accusative marking]
• patient [unmarked]
• possession [abstract meaning]
• possessor
• possessor [nominative case]
• possessor [oblique case]
• recipient
• rheme
• semantic basis [of language systems]
• semantic class [of object]
• semantic determinant
• semantic determinant [of language types]
• semantic explanations
• semantic extension
• semantic opposition [human/non-human]
• semantic roles
• semantic roles [classification of verbs]
• semantic roles [identification of]
• semantic roles [mapping of]
• semantics
• semantics [active]
• semantics [lexical]
• semantics [passive]
• semantics [transitive]
• source
• state
• state [result of completed action]
• state [subject of]
• state [vs. action]
• theme
• theme [dental] [Hittite]
• theme [oblique]
• volition
• world view
• world view [Navajo]
• world view [shaped by language]

SYNTAX

• accusative [absence of]
• accusative [of affixed object]
• accusativity
• accusativity [animate nouns]
• accusativity [intra-clausal]
• accusativity [markedness]
• action [object of]
• active languages [SOV]
• agent [oblique case]
• agent-patient relations
• agent-S matching
• alignment
• alignment [accusative]
• alignment [ergative]
• alignment [intransitive subject-transitive subject/object]
• alignment [types of]
• analycity
• antipassive
• antipassive [derivational suffix]
• apposition
• argument
• argument [categorization of]
• argument [inanimate]
• argument [intransitive]
• argument structure
• asymmetry
• asymmetry [alignment type]
• attribution
• biclausal construction
• branching [initial]
• branching [left- vs. right-branching]
• clause [active]
• clause alignment [accusative]
• clause alignment [ergative]
• clause [alignment of]
• clause alignment [stative-active]
• clause [aspect]
• clause [conditional]
• clause [intransitive]
• clause [nominal]
• clause [order of]
• clause [relative]
• clause [relative] [placement of]
• clause [structural domination by verb]
• clause [subjectless]
• clause [subordinate]
• clause [tense]
• clause [transitive]
• clause [transitive] [with instrumental ablative]
• clause [transitive] [with null-subject]
• clause [types of]
• comment
• complement
• complement [accusative]
• complement [direct]
• complement [distant vs. near]
• complement [locative]
• complement [temporal]
• complement [tensed]
• complementation
• complex sentence
• constituent order
• constituent order [unmarked]
• constituent structure
• coordination
• coordination [rules of]
• core argument
• core grammatical relations
• core syntactic relations
• coreferentiality condition
• coreferentiality constraints
• cross-reference [partial]
• cross-reference [pronominal]
• cross-reference [verbal]
• deep structure
• definiteness
• deictic
• deictic system
• deixis
• dependent-marking [frequency]
• derived structure
• determined-determiner [order of]
• discourse
• discourse system
• discourse terms
• disjunction
• disjunction [Indo-European]
• dislocation [left]
• ditransitive
• drift
• ellipsis
• ellipsis [of direct object]
• ergativity
• ergativity [absence in African languages]
• ergativity [degree of]
• ergativity [explanations of]
• ergativity [grammatical correlations]
• ergativity [Indo-European]
• ergativity [intra-clausal]
• ergativity [lexical implications of]
• ergativity [proportion of world's languages]
• ergativity [pure]
• ergativity [relation to perfective aspect]
• ergativity [split]
• ergativity [syntactic]
• ergativity [syntactic] [absence of]
• ergativity [types of]
• ergativity [unified phenomenon]
• function
• function [A]
• function [derived]
• function [factitive]
• function [instrumental] [use of ablative]
• function [O]
• function [S]
• function [S] [derived]
• function [S] [unmarked]
• function [syntactic]
• function [syntactic-semantic]
• function [transitive]
• gerund
• gerund [ablative of] [Latin]
• gerund [as declined infinitive] [Latin]
• gerund [nominative of] [Latin]
• gerund [origin in gerundive] [Latin]
• gerund [periphrastic conjugation] [Latin]
• gerund [status of] [Oscan-Umbrian]
• gerund [substantive variant of verbal noun]
• gerundive
• gerundive [adjectival variant of verbal noun] [Latin]
• gerundive [attributive use]
• gerundive construction
• gerundive construction [Latin]
• gerundive construction [Oscan-Umbrian]
• gerundive construction [relationship to participial construction]
• gerundive construction [replacement by relative clause]
• gerundive construction [with esse] [Latin]
• gerundive [impersonal] [Latin]
• gerundive [Latin]
• gerundive [of deponent] [passive meaning] [Latin]
• gerundive [origin of] [Latin]
• gerundive [periphrastic construction] [Latin]
• government
• government [non-universal characteristic]
• government [verbal]
• government [vs. agreement]
• grammatical relations
• head
• head-marking
• head-marking [frequency]
• head-marking [vs. modifier-marking]
• hypotaxis
• indirect discourse
• infinitive [subject of]
• infinitive [transitive]
• intransitive-active languages [vs. intransitive-stative languages]
• intransitive sentence [with active subject]
• intransitive sentence [with agent]
• intransitive sentence [with inactive subject]
• intransitive-stative languages [vs. intransitive-active languages]
• intransitivity
• intransitivity [shared by state and action]
• linguistic residues [syntactic]
• mihi est construction
• morphosyntactic structure
• NP
• NP [core]
• NP [core] [intransitive]
• NP [core] [semantic nature of]
• NP [definite]
• NP [Dyirbal] [O precedes A]
• NP [indefinite]
• NP [Latin] [A precedes O]
• NP [patient]
• NP [types] [hierarchy of]
• object
• object [accusative]
• object [adverbial status] [active languages]
• object [classes of]
• object [clitic]
• object [direct]
• object [direct] [animate]
• object [direct] [category of]
• object [direct] [English]
• object [direct] [incorporation into verb]
• object [direct] [marking of] [Romance languages]
• object [direct] [non-universality of]
• object [direct] [third person]
• object [direct] [underlying]
• object [direct][unmarked]
• object [direct vs. non-direct]
• object [distant vs. near]
• object [facultative]
• object [grammatical] [status of]
• object [hard] [long] [round] [small]
• object [inanimate]
• object [independent]
• object [indirect]
• object [indirect] [pronominal]
• object [loss of]
• object [modifier of]
• object [near vs. far]
• object [nominal]
• object [non-active]
• object [partitive]
• object [prepositional]
• object [pronominal]
• object [pronominal] [transitive]
• object [stative languages]
• object [syntax of]
• object [transitive]
• order [of elements]
• parameter
• particle
• particle [adverbial]
• particle [coordinating]
• particle [deictic]
• particle [deictic] [existential construction]
• particle [ergative]
• particle [locative]
• particle [question]
• particle [subject] [transitive]
• particle [system of]
• passive construction [lexical]
• passivization
• passivization [impersonal]
• passivization [lexical]
• periphrasis
• pivot [S/A]
• pivot [S/O]
• polysynthesis
• pragmatics
• predicate
• predicate [accusative]
• predicate argument
• predicate [categorization of]
• predicate complement
• predicate [ergative]
• predicate [intransitive]
• predicate [modifier of]
• predicate noun
• predicate [of activity]
• predicate [of experience]
• predicate [one-place]
• predicate [subject-orientation of]
• predicate [transitive]
• predicate [two-place]
• predicate [verbal]
• predicator [one-referent]
• predicator [two-referent]
• primitive
• primitive [S] [A] [O]
• primitive [universal syntactic-semantic]
• pseudo-transitive [non-passivization]
• quasi-ergative
• reference [active]
• reference [human]
• reference [inanimate]
• reference marking
• reference [shifting]
• reflexive construction
• reflexivity
• relational grammar
• relational syntax
• right-branching structures
• Romance languages [syntax]
• Scheinsubjekt
• Scheinsubjekt [in combination with impersonal verb]
• semantico-syntactic relations
• semitransitive
• Silverstein's NP hierarchy
• Silverstein's NP hierarchy [origin of]
• state
• stative construction [with adjectives]
• stative-passive
• stative sub-system
• subject
• subject [absolute]
• subject [active]
• subject [active languages]
• subject [active verb]
• subject [animate]
• subject [apparent]
• subject [category of]
• subject [deep]
• subject [deictic]
• subject [derived]
• subject [ergative]
• subject [ergative case]
• subject [formal]
• subject [grammatical]
• subject [independent]
• subject [intransitive verb]
• subject [logical]
• subject [marking of]
• subject [nominal]
• subject-nominative
• subject [nominative case]
• subject [non-agent]
• subject [non-animate]
• subject [non-personal]
• subject-object distinction
• subject-object relations
• subject-object syncretism
• subject [passive-intransitive]
• subject-predicate relations
• subject [pronominal]
• subject [pronominal] [development in Romance]
• subject [pronominal] [impersonal verbs]
• subject [pronominal] [intransitive]
• subject [pronominal] [transitive]
• subject [properties of]
• subject [stative]
• subject [surface]
• subject [syntax of]
• subject [Tagalog]
• subject [transitive verb]
• subordination
• subordination [causal]
• subordination [rules of]
• subordination [temporal]
• surface structure
• syntactic correlates
• syntactic development
• syntactic economy [principle of]
• syntactic elements
• syntactic elements [order of]
• syntactic equivalence [of S and A]
• syntactic equivalence [of S and O]
• syntactic system
• syntactic typology
• syntax
• syntax [accusative]
• syntax [analogical leveling of]
• syntax [Celtiberian] [archaisms]
• syntax [clausal]
• syntax [core constituents]
• syntax [deep-ergative]
• syntax [diachronic]
• syntax [diversity of]
• syntax [ergative]
• syntax [formal]
• syntax [functions]
• syntax [Indo-European]
• syntax [Indo-European] [simple sentence]
• syntax [Latin]
• syntax [nominal]
• syntax [nominal] [change to verbal]
• syntax [nominative]
• syntax [non-nominative]
• syntax [non-transitive]
• syntax [of verb have]
• syntax [participial]
• syntax [Pre-Indo-European]
• syntax [Proto-Indo-European]
• syntax [reconstruction]
• syntax [relational]
• syntax [Sanskrit]
• syntax [sentential]
• syntax [transitive]
• syntax [verbal]
• topic
• topic [grammaticalized]
• topicality
• topicalization
• topicalization [object]
• topicalization [patient]
• transformation
• transitive clause [vs. intransitive clause]
• transitive-intransitive opposition
• transitive sentence [with active subject]
• transitivity
• transitivity [absence of]
• transitivity [connection with possession and perfect aspect]
• transitivity [development of]
• transitivity [non-universal]
• transitivity [universal]
• transitivity [verb roots]
• transitivity [vs. intransitivity]
• unaccusativity
• universal grammar
• valency
• valency-increasing operation
• valency-reducing operation
• verb complex [incorporating]
• verb-final languages
• verb [transitive] [subject]
• voice opposition
• voice opposition [absence of]
• VP
• word order
• word order [contrastive]
• word order [low-frequency]
• word order [mihi est constructions]
• word order [OSV]
• word order [patterns]
• word order [rigid]
• word order [SO1O2V]
• word order [SO1V]
• word order [SOV]
• word order [SOV] [active languages]
• word order [SVO]
• word order [unmarked]
• word order [VSO]

Last Updated: Wednesday, 21 Mar. 2007, 13:33
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