PHL 301	Practice Exam 2

Identify [In retrospect these are heavy on Hume, including some parts we haven't done yet!  Apologies.]

a. Augustine
b. Descartes
c. Hume
d. Locke
e. Leibniz
f. Zhuangzi

1. a
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. f
6. c
7. d
8. f
9. a
10. a
11. f
12. c
13. c
14. a
15. c
16. f
17. c
18. d
19. b
20. f
21. e
22. c
23. f
24. d

25.	The inference, "I heard thunder; so, there must have been lightning," is best understood as
c.	causal

26.	When Socrates implies that you must be able to define courage and defend your definition to know what courage is, he is assuming
d.	internalism

27. 	Internalists typically take knowledge to be
b. 	justified true belief

28.	Which is NOT an option for an internalist?
d.	some knowledge is not justified

29.  Judgment rationalism is the thesis that some knowledge is
e.	innate

30. Empiricists contend that which of these classes of propositions match exactly?
e. all of the above
 
31. Leibniz asks "whether the soul, in itself, is entirely empty, like a writing tablet on which nothing has yet been written." Someone who answers "no" is a(n)
b. rationalist

32.	The theory of knowledge of the Nyayasutra is
d.	externalist 

33. 	Externalists typically take knowledge to be
c. 	true belief arising from a reliable process

34.	That different people see things differently, and there's no way to tell who's right, is a classic argument for
b.	skepticism

35. Rationalists have proposed all of these as synthetic a priori truths, EXCEPT
d. every effect has a cause

36.	If mathematics is necessary, then, according to empiricists, it must be
a.	analytic

37.	Hume asserts that induction rests on the assumption that
a.	the future resembles the past

38.	The traditional Nyaya sources of knowledge include perception, analogy,
d.	inference and testimony 

39.	All of the following advance foundationalist theories of knowledge, EXCEPT
d.	Nyayasutra

40.	Augustine and Descartes disagree about our ability to doubt our knowledge that
d.	1 + 1 = 2

41.  The sceptic charges that we can't tell which perceptions we should trust.  This is the problem of
d. the criterion

42.  "If I would make any proposition whatever, then by that I would have a logical error; But I do not make a proposition, therefore I am not in error."  Nagarjuna here replies to the objection that
c. skepticism is self-refuting

43.  Morality is a matter of feeling, not of reason, Hume says, because morality
a. influences actions and affections

44.	Descartes concludes from the cogito that
e.	all of the above

45. Which of the following is synthetic?
b. Stocks will go either up or down

46. According to all enlightenment philosophers, judgments are ____ if and only if they are _____.
c. Necessary, a priori

47. Locke contends that ____ implies ___.
b. Concept empiricism, judgment empiricism

48. Hume argues that inductive reasoning has no a posteriori justification, for
b. Such an appeal to experience is just what's at issue

49. A crucial premise in the argument from variability:
c. There is no neutral way to tell which perceptions are accurate

50. Nagarjuna's argument can be seen as an externalist version of
e. The problem of the criterion