Eunice Fajobi
University of Sussex





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The Nature of Yoruba Intonation: A New Experimental Study

In spite of active research work on the prosodic features of world languages in the last few decades, tone is the only prosodic feature in Yoruba that has received considerable attention in the field of linguistic research. Intonation, on the other hand, has suffered a near-neglect. All there is to be flagged up in the existing literature on the intonational system of the language are mutual effects of tones on each other. But there is more to Yoruba intonation than such effects. This approach does not facilitate any comparison of Yoruba intonation with those of non-tone languages. The present investigation seeks to give a more sophisticated account of Yoruba intonation. Drawing on the universal traits of intonation across languages, I report, in this paper, some of the new findings of a new elicitation study on the nature of Yoruba intonation. Acoustic analysis of the Fo patterns of seven Yoruba sentences in the following categories: declarative and three types of interrogative tested on four speakers of standard Yoruba, shows that Yoruba has an intonation superimposed over and above the intricacies of tone implementation reported by Laniran (1992), Connell and Ladd (1990), and Carnochan (1964). The fact that Yoruba is a tone language makes it hard to get beyond the tones to an intonation describable in such terms as head-type, nucleus-position, etc. (such as has conventionally been used to describe/analyse other languages including English). But in this study I demonstrate that Yoruba does indeed exhibit some recurrent traits of intonation such as overall fall for statements and overall rise for some types of questions in addition to patterns of lexical tones.