Ikuko Koike
Kyoto University





Ikuko KOIKE is a Ph.D. candidate at Department of Cultural Anthropology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan. Her current research interest is on Yoruba worship culture in the United States of America, and the correlation building between African Americans and Yoruba through religious interactions. One of her recent papers includes "Yearning For African Yoruba Gods: Transformation of "Anti-White/Christian" Ideology in the Yoruba American Socio-Religious Movement" published by Religion & Society (June 2003). She is also an affiliated researcher at the Center for African Studies, University of Florida from June 2003 to May 2005.


Embodied Orisa Worshipping: The Importance of “Physicality” in the Yoruba American Socio-Religious Movement

This paper looks at the Orisa worshipping practiced by Yoruba Americans, or the self-claimed Yoruba Diaspora in the US. The objective of this paper is to examine meanings associated with the practicing of Yoruba religion/culture in the US, especially the importance of "physicality" in the Yoruba American socio-religious movement in comparison to the creative/imaginary “Africaness” embedded in other African American movements such as symbols of the “motherland,” "traditional" culture, religion, philosophy and historical experiences or collective memory as the oppressed, i.e. slavery and colonialism. This paper discusses the embodied “Africaness” through the concept of "physicality” by studying the case of Orisa worshipping practiced by Yoruba Americans in north central Florida who are from and associated with Oyotunji village, South Carolina. Here "physicality" is defined as any acts that you can practice and experience by using your physical body in contrast to creative/imaginary objects, symbols, discourses, ideology."Physicality" is acquired through the accumulative

and repetitive processes and experiences of embodying certain acts. "Physicality" requires for practitioners to be committed to and be responsible for their acts. This is in contrast to practitioners pursuing their goals through creative/imaginary objects, because acquiring "physicality" necessitates social, political, economical, and cultural negotiations with others in society. "Physicality" provides a community where practitioners can pursue their own values, norms and identities. Once "physicality" is established, it is retained and propagated more persistently than ideas associated with creative/imaginary objects. Established "physicality" allows a practitioner to have mobile and flexible communities, because the enactment of "physicality" does not require a static temporal and spatial milieu. Consequently, the Yoruba American socio-religious movement has been effective for nearly fifty years, and it is even in the process of reorganizing and reverberating for further development after experiencing the immense decline from the end of 1980’s.