Of the various methods and techniques of gathering data on Yoruba early history and cultural history (for example, oral tradition, ethnohistory and folklores), archaeology occupies a significant place. It looks not only at the recent historical past but goes back into periods not covered by conventional history. From the early 60s when Frank Willet and T. Shaw first worked on the Old Oyo and Iwo Eleru sites respectively, to the present when almost the entire landscape of the region had been traversed archaeologically, much information has been obtained on different aspects of yoruba cultural history, ranging from technology and subsistence pattern through urbanization and warfare to metallurgy. The paper will consider the contributions of archaeology to an understanding of different aspects of Yoruba cultural history and suggest ways of enhancing the contributions in the 21st century.