The format of the test will be as before. A few pictures, some
short-answer questions, one essay. The essay should be specific
and substantive, not just a couple of sentences. Therefore, plan
your time so you don't shortchange that question. On the
short-answer questions too, be sure to include as much as the
question asks for. The more complete the answer, the higher the
grade!
The video reinforces several themes we covered in class:
what a city looks like--how Romans imposed a Roman look on
cities throughout the empire
how Roman governors got rich and powerful
how Romans allowed local culture to continue, yet kept
strict control
how Romans regarded Rome and Roman citizenship as the
greatest
Etruscans
who might they be? where from? what is their area of influence
in Italy?
what do we know about their language?
what do we know about their religion (divination, gods
similar to Greek and Roman)?
town planning
architecture--what are temples like? tombs?
sculpture: sarcophagus and statue:
7-6 cy.: compare to Greek in Archaic period: same but
different
4th cy.: more normal Greek style
tomb paintings--what kind of things depicted? what kind of
style?
compare to Egyptian, Bronze Age, Roman
legacy of Etruscans to Rome
What features do Romans take from Etruscans (architecture,
town planning, divination)?
Republican Rome (509-27 B.C.)
compare legendary versions of Rome's and Latium's beginnings
to archaeological evidence
Latium: Aeneas (son of love goddess Venus); Rome: Romulus
and Remus (son of war god Mars)
history
why are the following dates important: 509 BC, 146 BC, 44
BC, 31 BC
why are the following people important: Hannibal, Gracchus,
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Antony, Cleopatra, Octavian
(=Augustus)
Government: review what Republican handout and Nagle's text
say (magistrates, senate)
Family and society: we did not cover this, so don't worry
about it
religion: main deities Jupiter, Juno, Mars, Minerva,
Venus
portraits
combination of individual traits (verism), idealism
rationale: need accurate portraits of ancestors; but
Greek influence
some of prominent historical figures, some of anonymous
Romans
architecture--what Etruscan features in temples? what Greek
features?
temples of Jupiter Capitoline, Portunus; Praeneste
sanctuary (we looked only briefly at the round temple of the
Sibyl; ignore)
Augustan Rome (27 B.C.-14 A.D.)
mixture of true history and myth; realism and idealism
how does this show up in Vergil's Aeneid? in
art?
historical legacy
empire expanded; strengthened army garrisons in provinces;
imposed Roman look on provincial cities
at home, civil strife ended
building program
Ara Pacis: symbolism combines real (Roman) with
mythical/ideal (Aeneas, Romulus and Remus)--what is depicted on
each side?
forum of Augustus
statue of Augustus Prima Porta
symbolism of decorated cuirass
symbolism of cupid at foot, bare feet, stance
Gemma Augustea: design symbolism--Roma with facial features of
Augustus' wife Livia; Augustus being deified after death
Pompeii
important as complete, well-preserved in volcanic explosion of
79 A.D.
fabulous preservation as at Akrotiri on Thera (Minoan
handout)
town planning, public and private architecture
what kinds of buildings are there? what is a house like?
bath? amphitheater, etc.
slice of life--graffiti, bodies, good preservation in all
ways--compare Akrotiri
paintings, mosaics--what kinds of scenes depicted? chronology?
Villa of the Mysteries
Imperial Rome after Augustus
history and society
what are the important things about the following people:
Tiberius, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian,
Marcus Aurelius
