Introduction to Archaeological Studies II
Instructor: Constanze
Witt
University of Texas at Austin
Classics Department
Sample study map of Europe / Sample study map of Egypt
Sample blank map of Europe / Sampleblank map of Egypt -- test yourself!
Study map of the Aegean area / Study map of the Levant / Study map of the Near East and Mesopotamia / Study map showing archaeological sites in Greece
Paleolithic, cave contexts.
- Color images of the Tuc d'Audoubert bison, Lascaux images
- Chauvet cave: Wall with lionesses, rhinos etc. Owl drawn in clay with fingers. Negative hand print. Wall with horses, bison, rhinos etc.
- Animal ivories from Hohle Fels, Germany
- Oblique views of the lion-headed person from Hohlenstein-Stadel
- Human figures: the woman from Willendorf views and comparanda (clothing), side view of ivory head of woman from Brassempouy, the relief of a woman from the Laussel cave, ca. 18" high.
- Neolithic.
- Incised images on rockface, Addaura, Sicily, ca. 8000.
- Stone hedgehog vessel, later 7th millennium (ca. 6000), Bouqras (Syria), 14.2 cm long.
- Catal Huyuk, Anatolia, 7th-6th millennium. Residential (?) contexts. Plan, reconstruction drawing, wall painting that may represent buildings. Finds: imprint of basket, fibers, a bone implement, a burial under the floor, wall painting of "dancing hunter." Clay figurine of a woman seated on a "throne" with lioness arms, found in a grain bin, ca. 7th millennium BCE (heads of woman and left lion modern).
- Jericho, West Bank, Section showing stratigraphy. Fortification tower, walls. Selection of pottery. Human skulls covered with painted plaster.
- The Iceman, glacier in the south Tyrolean alps, late 4th millennium: the discovery, associated finds, reconstruction of clothing and objects.
- Hierakonpolis, Egypt. Painting on wall of tomb
- Newgrange, Ireland, ca. 3200
Bronze Age.
- Mesopotamia, Sumer, Akkad, Lagash:
- Precipitation map
- Alabaster vase, Uruk, ca.3500, 92 cm high.
- Cone mosaic, Temple of Eanna, Uruk, ca. 3500.
- Uruk ziggurat and White Temple to Anu, ca. 3000, plan and view.
- Stone sculpture of female votary , from Tutub temple to Sin, 43 cm high,
- Burnt City, Iran
- Early Dynastic, ca. 3000-2900
- Stone sculpture of the scribe Dudu, a votive to Ningirsu, 45 cm high, Early Dynastic, ca. 2900-2450.
- Color image of two Tell Asmar figures from the Abu Temple, Early Dynastic, ca. 27-2600.
- Objects from the tomb of Puabi, Early Dynastic Ur, ca. 2700: beaded cape and other jewelry; close-up view of beads as restrung; frontal view of bull-headed lyre; gold, lapis, carnelian headdress of Puabi. Skull in situ of another female burial, Ur. "Ram in the thicket" sculpture or stand, from multiple burial "great death pit," Ur. Wooden box from a tomb, "Standard of Ur," with lapis, shell and limestone inlays, 8" x 19" -- detail of "peace" and "war" sides.
- Building inscription and relief of Urnanshe, from Tello, ca. 2500.
- Ziggurat, Ur, ca. 2100 -- reconstruction, reconstruction drawing, detail of staircase,
- Stone sculpture of Gudea, Lagash, ca. 2120, ca. 75 cm high. Another head of Gudea.
- Cuneiform: Seals, tokens and bullae; a table showing the progression to cuneiform signs. School tablets from Nippur on which students practiced simple wedge marks, meaningless combinations of wedges, syllables, and entire grammatical paradigms; tablet with teacher's lesson and "scratch pad" for student.
- Hittite, Babylonian:
- Map of Hittite reign; plan of Hattusha/Bogazkoy; view of Hattusha/Bogazkoy; view of Yazilikaya sanctuary; detail view of relief sculpture of Tuthalia IV, ca. 1250.
- Plan of the palace at Mari.
- Egypt:
- Stepped pyramid and enclosure of Djoser, Saqqara, partly reconstructed facades, engaged columns, reconstruction model.
- Giza pyramids: possible means of construction using various ramps; reconstruction drawing of the mortuary complexes; central aisle of the valley temple of Khafre's pyramid,; Khufu's boat.
- Wood sculpture of Ka-Aper, from mastaba tomb, Saqqara, ca. 2500.
- Color photo of the hippopotamus hunt painted relief, tomb of Ti, Saqqara, ca. 2500.
- Wood statuette of female bier-carrier, Dyn. XII tomb, ca. 1900
- Wood statuette of steward Mentuhotep, Dyn XII Thebes tomb, ca. 1900, found next to heart of mummy in coffin
- Hatshepsut's funerary temple, drawing of relief showing transport of two obelisks by river barge, Dyn XVIII, ca. 1475
- Color views of Ramesses II's temple at Luxor: full view of pylons, inner courtyard with reed columns, hypostyle hall with flower and bud capitals, colossi
- -- at Karnak, a colonnade
with the colossus of Pinudjem and wife, Dyn. XXI
-- at Abu Simbel - -- at Thebes (Ramesseum): colossus fragments with tourist for scale, feet; relief of Ramesses II at the battle of Kadesh
- Sculpture of Akhenaten at Karnak; Nefertiti at Amarna; 3/4 view of wood head of Tiye
Aegean Bronze Age: chronology, map, map showing shipwreck sites and eastern Mediterranaean
- Early Cycladic, Early Helladic, Troy II (3rd millennium BCE):
- -- Cyclades: Female figure, ca. 2400, from Syros, 18" high. Figure of lyre player, ca. 2600, from Keros, 9" high. Head of statue, ca. 2700-2400, Spedos type, 10.5" high. Steatite Pyxis (box with lid) from Naxos, ca. 2700-2300, 14.8 x 7.2 cm ; Terracortta hedgehog (zoomorphic rhyton) from Syros, ca. 2200, 10.8 cm; Terracotta kernos (small vessels in a ring, here around a larger vessel), Cycladic, ca. 2300-2100, 25.7 cm.
- -- Lerna: plan; architectural phases incl. fortifications, House of Tiles, 25x12 m; excavation of fortification wall; herringbone masonry and mud bricks; tower; plan of House of Tiles with tumulus over it; reconstruction plans of first and second floors; view of House of Tiles from west; tiles in situ; a rooftile; plastered wall; projectile points of obsidian from Melos and local chert; denticulated sickle blades; EH III finds: pedestal-foot cup; terracotta "sauceboat"; seal impressions in clay; drawing of sealings.
- -- Troy: view of the mound across the Hellespont, view from the North; stratigraphy of the mound; plan from 1904 showing the different periods of development
- Troy II (ca. 2500-2200): walls; paved ramp and walls; gold diadem; gold "sauceboat"; gold, silver and bronze vessels, jewelry etc.
- Minoan:
- Map of Crete; Minoan world
- Landscape views of Thera/Santorini, the Zakro Gorge, the palace area at Knossos, the paved central court at Phaistos with Mt Ida.
- Aerial views of tombs at Mochlos, the palaces at Mallia and Phaistos, the palace at Knossos and the surrounding area (unexcavated ancient city)
- Views of Knossos: southern wall with "horns of consecration," color view of court and staircase in Stokstad Fig 4-6 with figure-8 shields, north propylaea with tapered columns and bull fresco reconstructed by Evans, storage magazine with pithoi
- Intaglio seal rings: "mountain goddess" with lions, male and architectural feature; scene of worship with tree in enclosure and man holding baetyl; bull-leaper. Sealing of cityscape and male figure.
- Minor arts: bronze figurine of male; stone beaker with 2 male figures; additional views of stone "harvesters" vase: "foreman," ranks of men with winnowing forks.
- Thera wall paintings: children boxing and antelope; woman perhaps gathering saffron; miniature fresco of flotilla of ships and city
-
Middle and Late Bronze Age, Mycenean
- Map of the Mycenaean World
- -- Troy VI (ca. 1800-1275): Plan showing
furthest extent
of Troy VI (excavated); plan of important buildings
incl. Troy VI; reconstructions of different levels with
level VI in
red; pottery in
the storage room, mainly Late helladic: Late Helladic
pottery sherds; a
stirrup
jar
Trojan War: map of protagonists - -- Mycenae: view of the site; plan; view of Grave Circle A; view of the Lioness Gate from the inside; stele from grave Circle A; view of the dromos of the "Tomb of Clytemnestra"; plan and section of tholos tomb
- -- Pylos: plan of the "Palace of Nestor"
- -- other: typical late stirrup jar with very simple decor
- The Levant:
- Map
- Ugaritic: first real alphabet, ca. 1400. Development of the Phoenician alphabet, examples; the Greek alphabet
- Plan of Jerusalem in Old Testament times; remains of Jebusite walls, reconstruction drawing of walls built by David on top of Jebusite walls; Temple Mount area showing possible locations of Solomon's temple; possible reconstruction plan and drawing of Solomon's temple
- Gold and stone necklace from Mari, 14th-13th c. gold bowl from Ugarit and detail, 14th c.; bronze and gold statuettes of gods from Ugarit, ca. 13cm high, 14th-13th c.; ivory head from Megiddo, 13th c.
- The "House of Yahweh" ostrakon, ca. 9th-7th c., findsite unknown, with Hebrew text: According to your order, Ashyahu the king, to give by the hand of [Z]echaryahu silver of Tarshish for the house of Yahweh 3 shekels
- Tell Dan inscription, ca. 9th c.: fragments; the Aramaic text in Hebrew and English translations
Early Iron Age.
- (Neo)-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian
- Map of Assyrian expansion, 9th-8th c.
- Lamassu from Nimrud, the Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, first half 9th c.; plan of NW palace; fragments of plaster from NW palace; reliefs of Ashurnasirpal II at banquet, libating over a dead bull and detail, hunting lions from a chariot, detail of a lion; reliefs of Genius figures (genii): winged man before tree, detail of head, detail of hand with situla, bird-headed genii flanking tree, head of bird-headed genius
- Bronze-clad doors of Shalmaneser III, Balawat, ca. 850-825; detail of bronze relief scene of war
- Sargon II, Khorsabad (Dur Sharrukin), ca. 720-705: reconstruction of citadel, Stokstad 2-22; lamassu; holding lion
- Sennacherib, Nineveh, ca. 705-680: relief sculpture: siege of Judah, detail of sappers undermining the city walls, detail of siege machinery -- tower and battering ram
- Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, ca. 645: relief sculpture: war with Chaldeans; king with lions; king with bodyguards; spearing lion; king slays lion; captive lion is released; wounded lion
- Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon, ca. 575: Ishtar gate
plan; glazed
tile elements restored
in museum; figure of bull
- Greek: Proto- and Geometric
- Map of Dark Age Greece,
- Karphi plan, 10th c.
- Lefkandi,10th c.: plan of "heroon"; reconstruction drawing of "heroon"; horse burial; head of centaur
- Protogeometric skyphos from the Kerameikos, Athens, 10th c.
- Geometric belly-handled amphora, "Athens 804" with prothesis scene, mid-8th c., 1.55 m high,; detail of geometric krater cf. Stokstad fig 5-6 showing prothesis scene with bier and shroud;
- Geometric bronze horse, later 9th c., 17.6 cm high; bronze tripod cauldron from Olympia, 8th c., 65 cm high;
- Orientalizing
- Map of Greek and Phoenician Colonization
- Protocorinthian olpe, "Chigi vase" mid-7th c., found near Veii, Etruria; detail with horsemen and hunt; detail with hoplite phalanx and double-aulos player
- Protoattic funerary amphora, mid-7th c., 1.44 m high, found at Eleusis; scene on neck: Odysseus and men blind Polyphemos; scene on body: the Gorgons and Perseus
- Mantiklos "Apollo" -- bronze figurine, ca. 700-675, 20 cm high, from Thebes, Boeotia; inscription in hexameter: Mantiklos dedicated me to the Farshooter with the Silver Bow [Apollo] as a tithe [tenth part]; grant,Apollo, good things in return"
- Temple of Apollo at Thermon, ca.640, plan, reconstruction of the entablature, polychrome painted metope
- "Daedalic" style: Lady found at Auxerre, France, probably from Crete, ca. 625, 65 cm high; Temple at Prinias, Crete:irregular plan, frieze of horsemen, lintel block with seated figures 1.66m high
- Archaic
- Map: Persian War
- Metropolitan Kouros, ca. 600, Stokstad 5-20, seen at an angle
- François volute krater, potted by Ergotimos, painted by Kleitias, Stokstad 5-27: additional views and details:, boar hunt and chariot race, fountain house, other side, arriving boat with Athenians and dancers, centauromachy, return of Hephaistos to Olympus, handle with potnia theron, Achilles & Ajax
- Moschophoros, Stokstad 5-25, angled view
- Pots by Exekias, ca. 540: Kylix, tondo with Dionysos in a boat; detail of Dionysos; exterior with eyes; exterior under handle; Amphora with Achilles slaying Penthesilea, detail; Amphora with Achilles and Ajax playing a board game, detail
- Andokides Painter bilingual amphora, ca. 520: Herakles reclining: black Figure side, detail of Herakles; Red Figure side, detail of Herakles
- Delphi: view from above the Athenian Treasury; view of theater
- Olympia: polychrome terracotta geison of the Geloan Treasury, 6th c.
- Etruscan
- Map of Etruria; table showing the Etruscan script and Latin
- Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquinia, 550-20: wall with painted door, wall with sporting and ritual events, detail of wrestlers
- Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia, 520-490: diver, fishing and birding; detail of fisher
- "Severe" Style
- Temple of Zeus: east pediment, Zeus flanked by Pelops and King Oinomaos and chariots; metope det. head of Atlas; for other images see Olympia Web Site
- Kritios Boy (Stokstad 5-36) views: head and shoulders, rear 3/4 view, front 3/4 view, side and back of head
- Riace Warrior B; detail of Riace Warrior A (Stokstad 5-38): face
- The bronze god (Zeus?) from Cape Artemision, c. 460, 2.09 m tall, 2.10 m fingertip to fingertip; detail
- Pan Painter bell krater, eponymous scene (other side of Stokstad 5-39)
- Tomb of the Diver, Paestum, ca. 480, painted stucco: ceiling block, 1.02m high; long sides with symposion scene; short sides
- Brygos Painter Kylix, ca. 480: exterior komos scene, revelers under handle, tondo
- High Classical
- Map: Peloponnesian Wars, trade routes
- For the Parthenon, use web images
- Diadoumenos of Polykleitos, ca. 430, Roman marble copy
- Segesta, Sicily, unfinished and/or hypaethral Doric temple, second half 5th c., view of site, 3/4 view of temple, view of stylobate showing curvature
- Drawing: curvature (Parthenon)
- Late Classical/Fourth Century
- Temple of Athena Nike, late 5th c, frieze details: interwoven fight scene; falling Amazon
- Maussoleum at Halikarnassos, ca.350, frieze details: Amazons, Greeks and Persians; Amazon attacks Greek about to kill other Amazon; Amazon attacks Greek while other Amazon rides backwards; flying drapery and use of levels; pyramidal composition; slashing diagonal
- Roman copy of Apoxyomenos (scraper) by Lysippos, orig.ca.350, from left, frontal, in a bronze copy/adaptation
- Vergina, Macedonian: view of excavation
site of necropolis; tomb
facade under excavation; plan
of palace; reconstruction
of palace
"Tomb of Philip II" (?) ca. 340: cutaway view showing barrel vault and tumulus; facade during excavation; facade with painted frieze and architecture; hunt painting; detail of horseman; detail of "Alexander" (?); painted geison detail; interior door; west side with sarcophagus and remains of wooden kline; southwest corner with bronze vessels and shield; small sarcophagus with gold larnax inside; textiles, gold, ashes and bones in larnax; cloth and gold; reconstructed drawing of wood kline; cf. left and right ends of kline in Bella Mound; ivories from wood kline: Dionysos and satyr, heads of youth (Alexander?) and old man with scar (Philip?); sword hilt; helmet; iron and bronze cuirass; chryselephantine shield in situ; chryselephantine shield reconstructed; north wall with silver and bronze banquet vessels; gorytos and greaves; unequal pair of greaves - "Tomb of Persephone" ca. 340: view of interior; "Fate"; Demeter on short east wall; abduction of Persephone; details: Hermes; Hades, chariot group; Persephone, Kyane
- Hellenistic
- Map of the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the diadochoi; the kingdoms in 90 BCE
- Dying Gaul, Stokstad 5-79: view in museum; oblique view; head
- Gauls group: side with wife; 2 views
- Nike of Samothrace,, ca. 190 BCE: in color; straight on view on prow of ship; slightly oblique view
- Athens, Stoa of Attalos ca 150-140 BCE: before reconstruction, after reconstruction, detail of Doric and Ionic orders, interior view
- Portraits: Alexander Mosaic and detail from House of the Faun, Pompeii; Alexander the Great from Pella, from Egypt; Philetairos of Pergamon, ca 280, oblique; Attalos I of Pergamon, c. 200; possibly Lysimachos of Thrace, oblique view
- Pergamon: plan, model of acropolis, propylon, street, theater; Great Altar of Zeus, Stokstad 5-80, ca 160 BCE: Gigantomachy frieze details: Okeanos and giants fighting on stairs; gods and giants intertwined; Zeus; Athena; detail of Ge, mother of giants; Hekate w/dogs and Artemis; detail; Keto w/ lion; possibly Nyx, the night; a goddess
- Terme "Hellenistic Ruler" original bronze, early 2nd c. BCE, (cf. Stokstad 5-87), views: front, right, back, oblique views, head from 3/4 front, right, left, 3/4 rear
- Terme Boxer, original bronze early 1st c. BCE, views: straight on, 3/4 right, right, back, left, head from left, head from front, head from right, head 3/4 right, hands with boxing gloves frontal and oblique.
- Genre figures, Roman copies: drunken old woman, casts of 2 copies; boy with goose, casts of 3 copies
- Street Musicians Mosaic by Dioskourides of Samos, Pompeii, after Hellenistic original
- Roman Republican, Augustan
- Map of Republican Rome and Carthage in 218 BCE; Map of Rome in 51 BCE; map of Roman trade routes
- Ara Pacis plan, elevation (section), west side, Aeneas relief, Tellus relief, panel with plant tendrils, interior with boukrania and garlands, altar relief
- Boscoreale (Stokstad 6-34) details: cityscape; detail of door; grotto and fountain; yellow city frieze
- Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain; Pont du Gard and bridging river
- Maison Carree, Nimes, engaged half columns; pediment.
- Roman Imperial
- Map of the Empire, to Hadrian; Plan of Rome under Caracalla; later Roman Empire and barbarian invasions
- Colosseum: detail of annular vault and arcade; view of interior; substructures under floor; vaulting system
- Arch of Titus; view of arch and engaged columns; Titus in triumph relief; sack of Jerusalem relief
- Forum of Trajan model; plan of Basilica Ulpia
- Column of Trajan details of frieze: lower part with river; garrison; legionnaires; middle section
- Pantheon: change of light through oculus; interior of dome; interior
- Plan of Miletos
- Portraits: Caracalla; fragments of colossal Constantine; head, hand
