Zoo 317: Heredity, Evolution and Society

Fall 1998

Exam 3 from Fall 1997

1. Human genes can be introduced into mice by

a. injecting human DNA into fertilized mouse eggs.
b. fertilizing mouse ova with human sperm.
c. hybridizing human red blood cells with mouse embryos.
d. fusing genetically engineered E. coli with mouse embryos.

a. protein bodies in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
b. RNA viruses that infect bacteria.
c. small rings of DNA that infect bacteria.
d. large protein bodies in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes.

a. insertion of DNA into self-replicating particles in bacteria.
b. replication of DNA outside a cell.
c. insertion of nuclei into enucleated cells.
d. synthesis of specific genes by chemical processes in the laboratory.

a. breaking the DNA into smaller fragments.
b. neutralizing the acidic phosphate groups.
c. forming a left-handed helix.
d. separating the two strands.

a. percentage of GC content.
b size.
c. the number of exons.
d. coding versus noncoding regions.

a. 5'-A C T G A T T A T T-3'
b. 5'-A C G T T A C A A C-3'
c. 5'-T T G T T C C T A A-3'
d. 5'-T T G A A A G T C A-3'

a. 5'-C A G G C C T T-3'
b. 5'-C A C G C A C G-3'
c. 5'-T T C C A T T-3'
d. 5'-T G G G A G T-3'

a. One that has a gene moved to a new location?
b. One that is infected with a virus that has foreign DNA.
c. One that has a gene from another species incorporated into its genome.
d. One that has a deletion involving more than one gene.

a. yeast chromosomes behave very much like mammalian chromosomes.
b. large DNA fragments from other species can be inserted into them, followed by culture in yeast cells.
c. yeast chromosomes can be inserted into cultured mammalian cells.
d. yeast chromosomes have RNA in place of DNA.

a. define the center of the segment of DNA to be isolated.
b. define the ends of the segment of DNA to be isolated.
c. can be made fluorescent, allowing microscopic examination of the DNA binding sites.
d. expand the numbers of copies of DNA tandem repeats.

a. a list of DNA sequences of genes in a particular species.
b. a bacterial or other culture that contains a variety of DNA fragments inserted into plasmids or other vectors.
c. a collection of primers used in the polymerase chain reaction.
d. a collection of all the allelic forms of a particular gene.

a. aneuploid cells.
b. DNA fragments.
c. polyploidy.
d. translocations.

a. a fluorescent probe that binds to a specific genetic locus.
b. a set of DNA fragments of known length used to standardize measurement of unknown DNA fragments.
c. a polymorphic locus used to trace genetic events.
d. a DNA sequence that characterizes the presence of a gene.

a. only functional genes are amplified.
b. the polymerase used amplifies both RNA and DNA.
c. individual chromosomes can be amplified.
d. the amount of DNA product doubles each cycle.

a. use RNA rather than DNA to store genetic information.
b. attack both plant and animal cells.
c. cause infected cells to revert to embryonic form.
d. can replicate outside a cell.

a. variations in DNA sequence.
b. variations in chromosome organization.
c. variations in chromosome number.
d. infection of the host by a retrovirus.

a. specific genes can be seen on chromosomes microscopically.
b. all of the DNA fragments in a mixture can be observed.
c. any DNA fragments can be seen if specific probes are available.
d. all functional genes in a DNA preparation can be detected.

a. in an 8-cell embryo.
b. in the second trimester of gestation.
c. in newborns.
d. at puberty.

a. haplotype.
b. monotype.
c. complementation group.
d. allelogroup.

a. they are important in gene regulation.
b. they are highly variable from one chromosome to another and hence are useful as genetic markers.
c. they form the pairing contacts during meiosis.
d. they are points at which DNA can be readily cleaved.

22. If two blood samples match for all systems tested in a DNA fingerprint (profile), it is likely that

a. the samples came from two people of the same ethnic/racial background.
b. the samples are from closely related persons.
c. the samples are from siblings, since they have the same types of mitochondria.
d. the samples are from the same person.

a. is caused by a retrovirus.
b. is ordinarily caused by excessive exposure to sunlight.
c . is transmitted in some families as a dominant trait.
d. is usually due to a chromosome translocation.

a. trisomy.
b. deletions of heterochromatin.
c. monosomy.
d. translocations.

a. viruses that infect a cell and cause cancer.
b. cancer genes that are introduced into a cell by viral infection.
c. genes whose replication has escaped cellular control.
d. normal genes that regulate cell growth and division.

a. form a compact mass.
b. tend to spread.
c. each descended from a single cell.
d. do not stimulate the immune system.

a. they are part of a virus.
b. they are under control of the wrong regulators.
c. there are many copies of them.
d. All of the above.

a. loss of immune tolerance.
b. diminished immune responsiveness.
c. loss of regulation of cell division.
d. increased susceptibility to invasion by oncogenes.

a. spontaneously regresses.
b. invades other tissues.
c. is caused by viruses.
d. is benign.

a. Cancer per se is never inherited, but a high risk of cancer can be inherited.
b. Cancer always involves gene mutations and therefore is always inherited.
c. Cancer is always caused by viruses.
d. Cancer is caused by chemicals and radiation in the environment and therefore primarily involves mutations in DNA repair genes.

a. synthetic.
b. mutagenic.
c. organic.
d. hydrophilic.

a. has no inherited risk.
b. has a strong inherited risk in some families.
c. has a strong inherited risk in most families.
d. sometimes is inherited but more often is transmitted by viruses.

a. mutations in RB suppress tumors.
b. the nonmutant form of RB suppresses tumors.
c. radiation that is used to treat tumors does so in part by causing mutations in the RB gene.
d. the normal function of RB is to kill tumor cells.

a. several mutations must accumulate within the same cell.
b. cells become weaker as they age.
c. older people build up mutagens in their cells.
d. older people smoke more than younger people.

a. Disease resistance of a newborn infant.
b. Rare cases of measles that occur even though the person had a previous case of measles.
c. Infection with EB virus with no symptoms of disease.
d. Immunity achieved by vaccination.

a. failure to produce antibodies against one's own tissues.
b. failure to produce antibodies against foreign antigens.
c. acceptance of organ grafts from another person.
d. acceptance of transfused lymphocytes from another person.

a. they lack introns.
b. they use a genetic code different from other genes.
c. the DNA must rearrange to produce a useful gene product.
d. they are composed of RNA rather than DNA.

a. amniocytes.
b. erythrocytes.
c. B-cells.
d. T-cells.

a. vaccination.
b. transfection.
c. plasmaphoresis.
d. vivisection.

a. A red blood cells.
b. B red blood cells.
c. both A and B red blood cells.
d. neither A nor B red blood cells.

a. of the complexity of the Rhesus blood groups.
b. both H chains and L chains must match.
c. most persons lack helper T cells.
d. there are a very large number of haplotypes at the major histocompatibility complex.

a. rejection of the transplant.
b. acceptance of the transplant.
c. induction of antibodies against the recipient.
d. graft-versus-host disease.

a. <1/100
b. 1/50
c. 1/10
d. 1/4

a. the fetus produces antibodies against the mother's red cells.
b. the fetus produces antibodies against its own red cells.
c. the mother produces antibodies against the fetal red cells.
d. the mother produces antibodies against her own red cells.

a. Type AB.
b. Type B.
c. Either could have been the father.
d. A type O man.

a. The differences among populations must be largely genetic.
b. The differences among populations must be largely environmental.
c. The differences among populations can be either genetic or environmental but not both.
d. The differences among populations can be either genetic or environmental or some mixture of the two.

a. it is due primarily to lithium in the drinking water.
b. it is a simple recessive trait due to mutant alleles at a locus on chromosome 11.
c. it is most often a sex-linked recessive trait.
d. it clusters in families but no specific pattern of transmission has been established.

a. Klinefelter syndrome.
b. the Duffy gene.
c. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
d. triplo-X syndrome.

a. All cases of Alzheimer disease are the result of inheritance of a single dominant allele at the ALZ locus.
b. In some families, Alzheimer disease is a simple dominant trait.
c. Even though Alzheimer disease clusters in families, it is never inherited as a monofactorial trait.
d. Alzheimer disease is always caused by exposure to certain agents in the environment.

a. it shows linkage disequilibrium with a marker on chromosome 9.
b. monozygotic twins are always concordant for it.
c. in some families, it shows X-linked dominant inheritance.
d. it clusters in families.

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