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-NB:
Many of these dates are approximate!
1500s
- Papst Alexander VI. erklärt
das Jahr 1500 zum Heiligen Jahr.
- Das
Lied vom hŸrnen Seyfried entsteht.
-
Die erste Ausgabe desTill Eulenspiegel erscheint in LŸbeck.
-
Hans Folz erweitert den zulässigen Themenkreis für den Meistersang
- Das
Fresko Danse Macabre/Totentanz wird in der Kirche von Reval
fertiggestellt.
-
Ludwig von Eyb d.J. verfaßt das Kriegsbuch.
-
A Gest of Robyn Hode entsteht
-
Benvenuto Cellini wird geboren (stirbt 1571).
-
Piedro Alvarez Cabral entdeckt Brasilien und erklärt es als Besitz
von Portugal.
- Albrecht
DŸrer malt das Selbstbildnis im Pelzrock (Alte Pinakothek,
MŸnchen).
- Die ersten Fayencemanufakturen
entstehen
in Faenza und auf Mallorca.
- Das Taschentuch
kommt in Gebrauch.
1501
- Albrecht
DŸrer fertigt die Holzschnittserie Das Marienleben an.
-
Michelangelo beginnt mit der Arbeit an Il Gigante (David),
den er 1504 fertigstellt (Akademie, Florenz).
1502
-
Konrad Celtis schreibt die Amores.
-
Thomas Wyatt wird geboren (stirbt 1542).
-
Peter Henlein konstruiert das Nürnberger Ei, die erste Taschenuhr.
- Die Universität
von Wittenberg wird gegründet.
1503
- Leonardo
da Vinci malt La Gioconda (Mona Lisa), (Louvre, Paris).
-
Der französische Astrologe Nostradamus wird geboren (stirbt 1566).
1504
-
Gštz von Berlichingen mit der Eisernen Hand ist einer der Helden im
Bayerischen Erbfolgekrieg.
-
Lucas Cranach malt Ruhe auf der Flucht (Staatliches Museum,
Berlin).
- Hieronymus Bosch malt
den Garten der Lüste (Prado, Madrid).
1505
-
Maximilian I. startet eine Reform des Heiligen Römischen Reiches.
-
Martin Luther
tritt in Erfurt in den Augustinerorden ein.
1506
- In
Rome wird die Laokoon-Gruppe entdeckt.
-
Christopher Columbus stirbt (geboren 1451).
-
Jakob Fugger, ein Augsburger Kaufmann, importiert Gewürze per
Schiff von Indonesien.
1507
- Albrecht Dürer
stellt den Kupferstich Adam und Eva fertig (Metropolitan Museum
of Art, New York).
- Giorgione
und Titian arbeiten zusammen an den Fresken in der Fondaco dei Tedesci
in Venedig.
1508
- Garc’a
Rodr’guez de Montalvo schreibt die Amadis de Gaula.
-
Michelangelo beginnt mit der Arbeit an den Fresken in der Sixtinischen
Kapelle in Rom (bis 15120.
1509
- John
Calvin wird geboren (stirbt 1564).
-
Der Sklavenhandel in Amerika beginnt: BartolomŽ de las Casas, Bischof
von Chiapas, stellt einen Antrag, dass jeder spanische Siedler afrikanische
Sklaven in die Neue Welt mitbringen soll.
1510
- Hamburg
wird Freie Reichsstadt.
-
Sandro Botticelli gestorben (geboren 1444).
- Ambroise
ParŽ geboren (gestorben 1590)
1511
- Erasmus
becomes professor of Greek at Cambridge
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Adoration of the Trinity
-
Matthias GrŸnewald begins the Isenheim Altarpiece (-1515)
1512
- Copernicus,
Commentariolus: suggests that the earth and the other planets turn
around the sun
-
Amerigo Vespucci d. (b. 1451)
1513
- Hans
Folz stirbt (b. 1435)
- Juan
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
-
Michelangelo, Moses
1514
- Hieronymus
Bosch, The Garden of Worldly Desires
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Melancholia
-
the first pineapples arrive in Europe
1515
-
Ulrich von Hutten et al., Epistolae obscurum virorum
-
Titian, Flora
1516
-
Sir Thomas More, Utopia
-
Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso
-
Raphael, The Sistine Madonna
-
Franz von Taxis becomes postmaster-general of the Netherlands; the
imperial mail service is extended to Rome and Naples
- indigo
comes to Europe
1517
-
October 31: Martin
Luther posts his 95 theses against the preachers of indulgences
on the door of the Palast Church at Wittenberg
-
Heinrich Isaak d. (b. 1450)
-
coffee comes to Europe
1518
- Adam
Riese publishes his first book on practical arithmetic
- Juan
de Grijalva discovers Mexico
- East
Asian porcelain
comes to Europe
1519
- Ulrich
Zwingli begins Swiss Reformation
-
Hernando Cortez is received by Montezuma, ruler of the Aztecs
-
Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to circumnavigate the globe
-
Lucrezia Borgia d. (b. 1480)
- Leonardo
da Vinci d. (b. 1452)
-
St. GeorgeÕs Chapel, Windsor, finished (begun 1473)
-
Cortez brings Arabian horses to North America
1520
-
Pope Leo X condemns Martin
Luther as a heretic and the following year excommunicates
him
-
Lucas Cranach, Luther,
portrait
- Matthias
GrŸnewald, St. Erasmus and Maurice
-
Michelangelo, The Medici Chapel
-
Raphael d. (b. 1483)
-
chocolate comes to Europe
1521
-
Diet of Worms: Martin
Luther is banned from the Holy Roman Empire and imprisoned at
the Wartburg. There, he begins to translate the Bible into German.
- Hernando
Cortez destroys Aztec state and assumes control of Mexico
-
Ignatius of Loyola begins to formulate his Exercitiae
-
Sebastian Brant d. (b. 1457)
- Niccol˜
Macchiavelli, DellÕarte della guerra
-
silk manufacture introduced in France
1522
-
Martin Luther
returns to Wittenberg, speaks out against fanatism and iconoclasm
-
Albrecht DŸrer designs a flying machine for use in war
1523
- Gustavus
Wasa becomes king of Sweden
-
the Portuguese are expelled from China
-
Hans Sachs,
Die Wittenbergische Nachtigall (allegory honoring Martin
Luther)
1524
- PeasantsÕ
Revolt in Southern Germany under the leadership of Thomas MŸnzer,
Florian Geyer, and Michael Gaismair (suppressed 1525)
-
Zwingli abolishes Catholic Mass in ZŸrich
-
Giovanni da Verrazano discovers New York Bay and the Hudson River
-
Lucas Cranach, The Judgement of Paris
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Willibald Pirckheimer, portrait
-
Michelangelo, Bibliotheca Laurenziana, Florence
-
the first turkey dinner in Europe at the English court
1525
- Martin
Luther marries Katharina von Bora (1499-1552), a former nun; they
would later have six children
- Matteo
Bassi founds the Capuchin order
-
first use of muskets by the Spanish infantry
1526
-
the Anabaptists settle as "Moravian Brothers" in Moravia (-1622)
- Albrecht
DŸrer, The Four Apostles
1527
- Reorganization
of the Hapsburg administration in Austria; Ferdinand is crowned King
of Bohemia and recognized as sole King of Hungary
-
"The Sack of Rome": imperial troops pillage the city, killing 4,000
people and looting art treasures; Pope Clement VII is imprisoned in
Castel SantÕAngelo
- Reformation
in Sweden the first Protestant university is founded in Marburg
-
Paracelsus lectures on medicine at the University of Basel
1528
-
"the Four Ragged Castaways" (Cabeza de Vaca, AndrŽs Dorrantes de Carranza,
CarranzaÕa African-born slave Estevanico, and Alonso Castillo Maldonado)
and ca 45 companions are the first non-Indians to set foot in Texas
on Malhado Island (today: San Luis, near Galveston Island)
-
Philip Melanchthon suggests educational reforms in Germany
- Paracelsus,
Die kleine Chirurgia; the first manual of surgery
- Albrecht
DŸrer d. (b. 1471)
1529
- Second
Diet of Speyer: the Lutheran minority protests against the decisions
of the Catholic majority (hence: "Protestants")
- Turks
attack Austria and lay siege to Vienna, but are forced to raise it
- October 1: Marburg Colloquy
held to settle differences among the ReformationÕs groups. Martin
Luther and Philip Melanchthon meet with Ulrich Zwingli and Johannes
Oecolampadius. They agree on 14 of 15 articles of faith, the point
of contention being the physical presence of Christ in the bread and
wine of the LordÕs Supper.
- Albrecht
Altdorfer, Battle of Alexander
- Miachelangelo,
Fortifications of Florence
1530
- June 25: Presentation
of the Augsburg Confession by the Lutherans before the emperor, showing
their continuance of the catholic church and marking their differences
from the Roman Catholics and radical reformers. The real "birthday"
of the Lutheran Church. The Apology ("Defense") of the Augsburg
Confession came the following year.
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
-
Francisco V‡squez de Coronado is appointed governor of New Galicia
-
the first recorded case of racial stereotyping in Texas/New Mexico:
Hernando de Alvarado names one of his Plains Indians guides "the Turk",
"because he looked like one"
1543
-
a Spanish coastal expedition discovers crude oil in Texas. They use
it to as caulk for their leaky barges.
1545
- Council of Trent begins
(-1563), by which the Roman Catholic church enacted some reforms and
fought against the Reformation.
1546
- February 18:
Martin Luther
dies on a visit to Eisleben, the town where he was born.
1550
1560
1564
1570
1580
- Book of Concord
published to settle inter-Lutheran and external disputes. Subscribed
to by princes, pastors, and other individuals, it gave confessional
status to the three ecumenical creeds, the Augsburg Confession, its
Apology, Luther's Large and Small Catechisms, the Smalcald Articles,
the Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope, and the Formula
of Concord.
- Pre-existing Faust
legend given greater attention with the publication of the Historia
von D. Johann Fausten.
1590
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