Glossa Extraordinaria: Early Middle Ages

		Glossa Extraordinaria: Early Middle Ages
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		-NB: Many of these dates are approximate! 300s 306 Constantine the Great becomes Roman Emperor 310s the persecution of the Christians at Rome comes to an end 313 Edict of Milan: Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity ("The Edict of Tolerance") 360s the Huns invade Europe; as a result, the Great Migration period begins Scrolls are increasingly replaced by books 383 Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain Emperor Magnus Maximus crosses the Channel and conquers Gaul and Spain Back to top 400s 406 founding of the Burgundian kingdom at Worms 410s St. Augustine, The City of God 410 the sack of Rome by the Visigoths 418 Theoderic I becomes king of the Visigoths (rules until 451) 420s Angles, Jutes and Saxons invade Britain 432 St. Patrick begins his mission to Ireland Building begins of S. Maria Maggiore, Rome 433 Attila becomes ruler of the Huns (d. 453) 436 the Huns destroy the Burgundian kingdom at Worms the last Roman troops leave Britain 440s the mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna S. Vitale, Ravenna S. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna 453 Attila the Hun dies 455 the Vandals sack Rome 470s flowering of Mayan city civilization in southern Mexico 471 Theoderic the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths (d. 526) 476 Romulus Augustulus, the last Roman emperor, is disposed 480 St. Benedict of Nursia born (d. 543) Boethius born (d. 524) 489 Theoderic defeats Odoacer on the Osonzo River and again near Verona Back to top 500s incense is introduced in Christian church service 505 tea comes from India to China 516 British victory over the Saxons at Mount Badon 520s Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae tomb of Theoderic, Ravenna 524 Boethius dies 526 Theoderic the Great dies 529 St. Benedict founds the monastery at Monte Cassino and the Benedictine order Regensburg becomes the capital of Bavaria 530s building of the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople 537 Arthur, king of the Britons, killed at the battle of Camlan, according to the Annales Cambriae 540s Gildas, De excidio et conquestu Britanniae 543 St. Benedict of Nursia dies 550s the Byzantine emperor Justinian sends missionaries to China and Ceylon to smuggle out silk worms; silk industry becomes Byzantine monopoly 563 St. Columba founds a monastery at Iona 570 Mohamed, founder of Islam, born (d. 632) Buddhism firmly established in Japan Back to top 600s Pope Gregory the Great founds the Schola Cantorum in Rome 614 Founding of the monastery at St. Gallen 620s the Northmen invade Ireland production of porcelain in China 622 the Hegira - Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina; the founding of Islam; year one in the Muslim calendar Isidor of Seville, Originum sive Etymologiarum libri XX 625 Mohammed begins to dictate the Koran 632 Mohamed, founder of Islam, dies 637 Jerusalem captured by the Arabs 645 the Sutton Hoo burial takes place (rediscovered 1939) 650s Neumes introduced as musical notation 650 Croats and Serbs occupy Bosnia 651 St. Emmeram founds monastery at Regensburg 664 Synod of Whitby: England adopts Roman Catholic faith 671 Cædmon b. [650-80?] 672 Beda Venerabilis born (d.735) 680 Aldhelm b. 690s persecution of the Jews in Spain 696 Paoluccio Anafesto becomes the first doge of Venice Back to top 700s The Lindisfarne Gospels the Great Mosque, Damascus Easter eggs come into use 723 St. Boniface fells the Donar oak at Fritzlar, Hesse Casa Grande, Indian fort in Arizona 724 Founding of the Benedictine Abbey of Reichenau (Lake Constance) 727 Founding of the monastery of Murbach (Alsace) 730s Beda, Historia ecclesiaistica gentis Anglorum 735 Beda Venerabilis dies 742 Charlemagne born April 2 in Aachen (d. 814) 743 the Regula Benedicti are adopted as the guidelines for monastic life 744 Founding of the monastery at Fulda 748 the first printed newspaper appears at Peking 750s Pueblo Period in SW North America begins Chinese paper makers at Samarkand teach their craft to their Arab conquerors Beds become popular in Germany and France Hops are introduced for beer brewing in Bavaria 751 the Merovingians are succeeded by the Carolingians Pippin III is the first Carolingian emperor to be anointed by a representative of the Pope, Boniface, at Soissons 760s Beowulf The Book of Kells (Dublin, Trinity College Library, cod. 58) 764 Founding of the monastery at Lorsch 765 the Abrogans, the first Latin-German dictionary 778 Charlemagne defeated by the Basques (?) at Roncesvalles, death of Roland 780s Construction of Offa’s Dyke against Welsh attacks Building of the Mosque at Córdoba begins 782 Charlemagne has 4500 Saxon hostages killed at Verden/Aller 786 Caliph Harun al-Rashid born (d. 809) 790s Viking attacks at Britain begin Vikings invade Ireland Back to top 800s Early evidence of Old High German in the form of spells and blessings. Vikings attack Germany first planting of roses in Europe 800 Christmas Day: Charlemagne is crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III at Rome the Muspilli preaches repentance in the face of the Last Judgment Development of Carolingian miniscule immrama (Irish seafaring stories) Irish Myrddin and Taliesin stories earliest records of Persian poetry Building of Machu Piccu, Peru (rediscovered 1911) 809 Caliph Harun al-Rashid dies 810s plan for the ideal monastery developed at St. Gall Building of the Doge’s Palace, Venice, begins School of Astronomy at Baghdad Arabs adopt Indian numerals 813 the tomb of St. James is discovered (?) in Galicia: beginning of Santiago de Compostela, the most important medieval pilgrimage site 814 Charlemagne dies 820s Heliand Waltharius 827 Arabs conquer Sicily 830s Hildebrandslied Einhard, Vita Caroli Magni The Utrecht Psalter (Utrecht, UB, Ms. 32) Caliph Mamun founds the Academy of Translations at Baghdad 840s Walahfrid Strabo, Abbot of Reichenau, Glossa Ordinaria 841 the Vikings found Dublin, Ireland 843 Treaty of Verdun: Charlemagne’s empire is divided among his three grandsons, Ludwig the German, Charles the Bald and Lothar I 845 first viking assaults on Paris 849 Alfred the Great born (d. 899) 850s The Edda University of Salerno founded the astrolabe is perfected by the Arabs the crossbow comes into use the Arabic goatherd Kaldi is credited with the discovery of coffee 860s Otfrid von Weißenburg, Evangelienbuch The Codex Aureus (München, Bayer. Staatsbibl. Clm 14000) Iceland discovered and settled by the Vikings Viking princes rule Novgorod and Kiev (862-882) 870s the Imperial Hall, Lorsch 880s Ludwigslied 890s The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 899 Alfred the Great dies Back to top 900s the Old High German prayers and charms are written down Beginning of the Christian reconquest of Spain under Alfonso III, the Great, of Castile Greenland is discovered and settled by the Vkings the Mayas relinquish their settelements in the lowlands of Mexico and emigrate to the Yuccatan peninsula Beginning of the collection of A Thousand and One Nights Paper manufacturing at Cairo 910s Founding of the Benedictine Abbey of Cluny 935 Roswitha of Gandersheim born (d. 1000) 939 Firdausi, Persian poet, born (d. 1020) 940s Linen and wool manufactories developed in Flanders 960s Founding of the Hospice of St. Bernard at St. Bernard’s Pass, Switzerland First recorded mention of a London Bridge Founding of Córdoba University 963 Founding of the monastery at Mt. Athos 970s The Exeter Book The Vercelli Homilies Founding of Cairo University 979 Vikings in Ireland defeated at Tara 980 Ibn Sina, "Avicenna", born (d. 1037) 985-6 Bjarni Herjolfson sees North American shore, but turns aronud without landing 991 Byrthnoth of Essex is defeated at the Battle of Maldon, The Battle of Maldon 995 Olaf Skötkonung, king of Sweden, converts to Christianity Back to top 1000s Beowulf Leif Ericson discovers North America (?) Danegeld: general tax in England Chinese perfect their invention of gunpowder 1000 Roswitha of Gandersheim dies Leif Erikson discovers North America (L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland) Iceland converts to Christianity 1002 Aelfric, Lives of the Saints 1010s Hildesheim Cathedral: Bernward-Door, Bernward-Column Beginning of building of Strasbourg Cathedral 1012 first persecution of heretics in Germany Burchard von Worms, Decretum 1013 the Danes conquer England; King Ethelred II, the Unready, flees to Normandy 1014 Wulfstan, Sermo Lupi ad Anglos the Battle of Clontarf: end of the Norse rule in Ireland 1020s The Uta-Evangelistar (München, Bayer. Staatsbibl. Clm 13601) 1020 Firdausi, Persian poet, dies 1022 Synod of Pavia decrees celibacy for higher clergy 1037 Ibn Sina, "Avicenna", dies 1040 Duncan of Scotland murdered by Macbeth, who becomes king 1045 Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, "El Cid", born (d. 1099) Back to top

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