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-NB:
Many of these dates are approximate!
1500s
- Jubilee
Year (Holy Year) declared by Pope Alexander VI
- Lied
vom hŸrnen Seyfried
-
first edition of Till Eulenspiegel published in LŸbeck
-
Hans Folz reforms Meistersang by expanding the acceptable subject
matter
-
Reval (Talinn) Danse Macabre/Dance of Death
-
Ludwig von Eyb d.J., Kriegsbuch
-
A Gest of Robyn Hode
-
Benvenuto Cellini b. (d. 1571)
-
Piedro Alvarez Cabral discovers Brazil, claiming it for Portugal
- Albrecht
DŸrer, Selbstbildnis (Alte Pinakothek, MŸnchen)
-
first manufacture of faience (Faenza) and majolica (Majorca)
-
the pocket handkerchief comes into use
1501
- Albrecht
DŸrer, Life of the Virgin
-
Michelangelo, David (-1504)
1502
-
Conrad Celtis, Amores
-
Thomas Wyatt b. (d. 1542)
-
Peter Henlein constructs the "Nurenberg Egg", the first watch
- University of Wittenberg
is founded
1503
- Leonardo
da Vinci, Mona Lisa
-
Nostradamus, French astrologer, b. (d. 1566)
1504
-
Gštz von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand is one of the heroes of the
Bavarian War of Succession
-
Lucas Cranach, Rest on the Flight to Egypt
1505
-
Maximilian I begins reformation of the Holy Roman Empire
-
Martin Luther becomes
Augustinian monk at Erfurt
1506
- the
Laocoon group is unearthed in Rome
-
Christopher Columbus d. (b. 1451)
-
Jacob Fugger, an Augsburg merchant, imports spices from the East Indies
by sea
1507
- Albrecht
DŸrer, Adam and Eve
- Giorgione
and Titian paint Fondaco dei Tedesci, Venice
1508
- Garc’a
Rodr’guez de Montalvo, Amadis de Gaula
-
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel at Rome (-1512)
1509
- John
Calvin b. (d. 1564)
-
beginning of the American slave trade: BartolomŽ de las Casas, bishop
of Chiapas, proposes that each Spanish settler bring Negro slaves
to the New World
1510
- Hamburg
becomes Free City of the Holy Roman Empire
-
Sandro Botticelli d. (b. 1444)
- Ambroise
ParŽ b. (d. 1590)
1511
- Erasmus
becomes professor of Greek at Cambridge
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Adoration of the Trinity
-
Matthias GrŸnewald begins the Isenheim Altarpiece (-1515)
1512
- Copernicus,
Commentariolus: suggests that the earth and the other planets turn
around the sun
-
Amerigo Vespucci d. (b. 1451)
1513
- Hans
Folz
dies (b. 1435)
- Juan
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
-
Michelangelo, Moses
1514
- Hieronymus
Bosch, The Garden of Worldly Desires
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Melancholia
-
the first pineapples arrive in Europe
1515
-
Ulrich von Hutten et al., Epistolae obscurum virorum
-
Titian, Flora
1516
-
Sir Thomas More, Utopia
-
Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso
-
Raphael, The Sistine Madonna
-
Franz von Taxis becomes postmaster-general of the Netherlands; the
imperial mail service is extended to Rome and Naples
- indigo
comes to Europe
1517
-
October 31: Martin Luther
posts his 95 theses against the preachers of indulgences on the door
of the Palast Church at Wittenberg
-
Heinrich Isaak d. (b. 1450)
-
coffee comes to Europe
1518
- Adam
Riese publishes his first book on practical arithmetic
- Juan
de Grijalva discovers Mexico
- East
Asian porcelain
comes to Europe
1519
- Ulrich
Zwingli begins Swiss Reformation
-
Hernando Cortez is received by Montezuma, ruler of the Aztecs
-
Ferdinand Magellan leaves Europe to circumnavigate the globe
-
Lucrezia Borgia d. (b. 1480)
- Leonardo
da Vinci d. (b. 1452)
-
St. GeorgeÕs Chapel, Windsor, finished (begun 1473)
-
Cortez brings Arabian horses to North America
1520
-
Pope Leo X condemns Martin
Luther as a heretic and the following year excommunicates
him
-
Lucas Cranach, Luther,
portrait
- Matthias
GrŸnewald, St. Erasmus and Maurice
-
Michelangelo, The Medici Chapel
-
Raphael d. (b. 1483)
-
chocolate comes to Europe
1521
-
Diet of Worms: Martin
Luther is banned from the Holy Roman Empire and imprisoned at
the Wartburg. There, he begins to translate the Bible into German.
- Hernando
Cortez destroys Aztec state and assumes control of Mexico
-
Ignatius of Loyola begins to formulate his Exercitiae
-
Sebastian Brant d. (b. 1457)
- Niccol˜
Macchiavelli, DellÕarte della guerra
-
silk manufacture introduced in France
1522
-
Martin Luther returns
to Wittenberg, speaks out against fanatism and iconoclasm
-
Albrecht DŸrer designs a flying machine for use in war
1523
- Gustavus
Wasa becomes king of Sweden
-
the Portuguese are expelled from China
-
Hans Sachs, Die
Wittenbergische Nachtigall (allegory honoring Martin
Luther)
1524
- PeasantsÕ
Revolt in Southern Germany under the leadership of Thomas MŸnzer,
Florian Geyer, and Michael Gaismair (suppressed 1525)
-
Zwingli abolishes Catholic Mass in ZŸrich
-
Giovanni da Verrazano discovers New York Bay and the Hudson River
-
Lucas Cranach, The Judgement of Paris
-
Albrecht DŸrer, Willibald Pirckheimer, portrait
-
Michelangelo, Bibliotheca Laurenziana, Florence
-
the first turkey dinner in Europe at the English court
1525
- Martin
Luther marries Katharina von Bora (1499-1552), a former nun; they
would later have six children
- Matteo
Bassi founds the Capuchin order
-
first use of muskets by the Spanish infantry
1526
-
the Anabaptists settle as "Moravian Brothers" in Moravia (-1622)
- Albrecht
DŸrer, The Four Apostles
1527
- Reorganization
of the Hapsburg administration in Austria; Ferdinand is crowned King
of Bohemia and recognized as sole King of Hungary
-
"The Sack of Rome": imperial troops pillage the city, killing 4,000
people and looting art treasures; Pope Clement VII is imprisoned in
Castel SantÕAngelo
- Reformation
in Sweden the first Protestant university is founded in Marburg
-
Paracelsus lectures on medicine at the University of Basel
1528
-
"the Four Ragged Castaways" (Cabeza de Vaca, AndrŽs Dorrantes de Carranza,
CarranzaÕa African-born slave Estevanico, and Alonso Castillo Maldonado)
and ca 45 companions are the first non-Indians to set foot in Texas
on Malhado Island (today: San Luis, near Galveston Island)
-
Philip Melanchthon suggests educational reforms in Germany
- Paracelsus,
Die kleine Chirurgia; the first manual of surgery
- Albrecht
DŸrer d. (b. 1471)
1529
- Second
Diet of Speyer: the Lutheran minority protests against the decisions
of the Catholic majority (hence: "Protestants")
- Turks
attack Austria and lay siege to Vienna, but are forced to raise it
- October 1: Marburg Colloquy
held to settle differences among the ReformationÕs groups. Martin
Luther and Philip Melanchthon meet with Ulrich Zwingli and Johannes
Oecolampadius. They agree on 14 of 15 articles of faith, the point
of contention being the physical presence of Christ in the bread and
wine of the LordÕs Supper.
- Albrecht
Altdorfer, Battle of Alexander
- Miachelangelo,
Fortifications of Florence
1530
- June 25: Presentation
of the Augsburg Confession by the Lutherans before the emperor, showing
their continuance of the catholic church and marking their differences
from the Roman Catholics and radical reformers. The real "birthday"
of the Lutheran Church. The Apology ("Defense") of the Augsburg
Confession came the following year.
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
-
Francisco V‡squez de Coronado is appointed governor of New Galicia
-
the first recorded case of racial stereotyping in Texas/New Mexico:
Hernando de Alvarado names one of his Plains Indians guides "the Turk",
"because he looked like one"
1543
-
a Spanish coastal expedition discovers crude oil in Texas. They use
it to as caulk for their leaky barges.
1545
- Council of Trent begins
(-1563), by which the Roman Catholic church enacted some reforms and
fought against the Reformation.
1546
- February 18:
Martin Luther dies
on a visit to Eisleben, the town where he was born.
1550
1560
1564
1570
1580
- Book of Concord
published to settle inter-Lutheran and external disputes. Subscribed
to by princes, pastors, and other individuals, it gave confessional
status to the three ecumenical creeds, the Augsburg Confession, its
Apology, Martin Luther's
Large and Small Catechisms, the Smalcald Articles, the Treatise on
the Power and Primacy of the Pope, and the Formula of Concord.
- Pre-existing Faust
legend given greater attention with the publication of the Historia
von D. Johann Fausten.
1590
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