Outline for 4/30
Rome and Greece I

I. Introduction

Polybius (1.1.5): For who is so useless or indolent as not to wish to know by what means and under what system the Romans in less than fifty-three years (200-146 BC) have succeeded in subjecting nearly the whole inhabited world to their sole government-- a thing unique in history?

II. Growth of Rome to 250 BC

A. Background

1. oligarchic republic

a. Consuls
b. Assembly (Comitia Centuriata) of armed forces
c. Senate

2. expansionist

B. 5th c. BC

1. consolidated Latium (Latins) and Etruria (Etruscans)

C. 4th c. BC

1. Samniun and Campania
2. Greek colonies in Campania

D. War with Pyrrhus of Epirus (280-275 BC)

1. Tarentum
2. 281 BC Tarentum invited Pyrrhus to help her in a war against Thurii
3. Pyrrhus, king of Epirus (r. 297-272 BC)

"When he left his native mountains his behaviour at times suggests that of some viking chieftain running amuck in a Renaissance city." Cambridge Ancient History vii, p. 643

4. by 268 BC Rome controls all of Italy

E. First Punic War (264-241 BC)

1. Rome vs. Carthage
2. control of Messana on the Sicilian straits
3. Sicly became the first Roman provincia (province)

F. Rome and Greece

1. Greek colonies from the 8th c. BC
2. Rome's elite and elite Greek culture
3. 273 BC Ptolemy II sends embassy to Rome to establish 'friendship' (philia; amicitia)

III. Rome's Involvement in the East

A. Antigonid Kings

1. Antigonus II Gonatus (r. 284/3-239 BCE)

a. defeated Athens and Egypt (Chremonidean War 267-263/2 BC)

2. Demetrius II (r. 239-229 BC)
3. Antigonus III Doson (r. 239-221 BC)

a. nephew of Antigonus II
b. became regent for Philip V, son of Demetrius II, in 239 BC
c. 224 BC reestablished the Hellenic League of Philip II

4. Philip V (r. 221-179 BC)

a. son of Demetrius II

B. The Illyrian Wars (229-219 BCE)

1. Illyrian pirates and the Illyrian queen, Teuta
2. "to sail the Adriatic"
3. 219 BC second Roman force against Demetrius of Pharos

C. First Macedonian War (214-205 BC)

1. cause:

a. 215 BC alliance between Philip V and Hannibal
b. Austin no. 62b (alliance of Rome and the Aetolian League)

2. combattants

a. Aetolian League and Rome
b. vs. Philip V and Carthage

3. resolution: peace of Phoenice, Epirus (205 BC)
4. results

D. Philip Between the Macedonian Wars (205-202 BC)

1. in Macedonia

a. Philip king of the Macedonians vs. King Philip and the Macedonians

2. in Greece
3. in Asia

a. Aetolian pirate commander, Dikaiarchos

4. secret alliance with Antiochus III against against Ptolemy IV

E. Second Macedonian War (200-197/6 BC)

1. combattants

a. Rome (led by Flamininus), the Greeks of Asia, the Aetolian League and later the Achaean League
b. vs. Philip

2. cause

a. Philip's expedition against Asia
b. Rhodian appeal to Rome

3. resolution: Flamininus defeats Philip V at Cynoscephalae, Thessaly
4. results (Austin no. 68)
5. Greeks of Asia appeal to Rome for protection against Antiochus III

F. The Closing Years of Philip's Reign

1. Polybius
2. 179 BC Perseus, the last king of Macedon, ascends the throne

G. Third Macedonian War (171-167 BC)

1. combatants

a. Rome (Aemilius Paulus)
b. vs. Perseus and the Greek League (except Athens)

2. cause: Eumenes II of Pergamon?
3. resolution: 168 BC defeat of Perseus at the battle of Pydna, Macedonia
4. settlement (Austin no. 79)
5. Athens benefitted

a. Delos
b. New Style Athenian coinage (ca. 168-48 BC)

H. Fourth Macedonian War (149-146 BC)

1. 149 BC, Andriscus
2. 148 BC is crushed by Quintus Caecilius Metellus

a. Macedonia becomes a Roman province

3. 146 BC Achaean League goes to war with Sparta, an ally of Rome
4. settlement

a. Peloponnese added to the Roman province of Macedonia
b. Athens autonomous
c. limited autonomy in central Greece