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2/19 (Outline 9) |
Walbank, ch. 3, pp. 46-59; Austin nos. 22, 24; Reader |
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1. Arrian, pp. 348-398 |
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2/24 (finishing up from 2/19) |
no new assignment, but you might want to read ahead |
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2/26 (Outline 10) |
1. Walbank ch. 5 |
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discussion
section |
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3/3 (Outline 11) |
1. Plutarch, Demetrius (all) |
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3/5 (Outline 12) |
1. Walbank, ch. 8, pp. 141-158 |
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discussion section |
1. Austin nos. 55, 56 |
Please note that this Study Guide does NOT cover the material treated in the descussion sections (weeks 6-8). You should be able to respond to the questions posed in the Discussion Section Study Guides for these weeks.
I. The Age of the Successors (2/19)
A. Sources
1. Be able to discuss the sources for the period of the Successors (ca. 323-280 BC). Compare these sources with the sources for Alexander the Great. What problems do they present for the student of ancient history?
2. Be able to identify:
- Hieronymous of Cardia
- Polybius
- Diodorus
3. What do the documentary sources (e.g. the inscriptions which you have read in Austin, especially Austin nos. 26, 31, 32, 42, 52, & 54 and Burstein no. 11 in the Reader for 2/26) contribute to our knowledge and understanding of the period? Do they present any particular problems of interpretation that the literary sources do not?
B. Major Players
1. Be able to identify:
- Antipater
- Cassander
- Antigonus the One-Eyed
- Demetrius Poliorcetes
- Ptolemy I Lagus
- Seleucus
- Perdiccas
- Craterus
- Eumenes of Cardia
- Lysimachus
- Polyperchon
- Olympia
- Philip III Arrhidaeus
- Alexander IV
C. Arrangements following the Death of Alexander
1. Three "interest groups" emerged immediately following the death of Alexander: (1) the "royals", (2) aspirants to "Great King", and (3) aspirants to a piece of the pie only. Be able to identify the members of each group.
2. What were the provisions of the arrangement that Perdiccas orchestrated in 323 BC? See in particular Austin no. 22.
3. Would you agree or disagree that Alexander's death in 323 BC made it inevitable (or nearly inevitable) that his "empire" would be similarly short-lived? Why or why not?
D. Settlement at Triparadisus (July 320 BCE)
1. What precipitated the Settlement at Triparadisus?
2. What were the provisions of the Settlement?
3. What is the significance of the Settlement?
E. Cassander
1. How does Cassander establish himself as "king of the Macedonians"? See Diodorus XIX. 11, 35-36, 49-52.
2. What elements are present in this story which are repeated in other episodes from the struggles of the Successors for power?
3. In what ways does Cassander imitate earlier Macedonian kings?
II. The Age of the Successors: The Achievement of Antigonus the One-Eyed (2/24)
A. Antigonus 316-314 BC
1. Discuss this statement: "Following the death of Eumenes in 316 BC Antigonus consolidated his power and began to act like a monarch."
2. What was the Proclamation at Tyre? See Diodorus XIX. 61-62.
B. Antigonus 313-311 BC
1. What is the significance of the Battle at Gaza (hint: who lost? who got Babylon?).
2. What were the provisions of the Treaty of 311 BC?
C. Antigonus 310-306 BC
1. In 310 BC Cassander executed Alexander IV. What was the significance of this act? Consider Diodorus XIX. 105.
2. What role in Antigonus' grand plans was the liberation of Athens in 307 BC to play?
3. What is the significance of the Battle of Cyprus (306 BC)?
D. Antigonus and the Greeks
1. The freedom and autonomy of the Greeks is guarantied in the Proclamation at Tyre, the Treaty of 311 BCE, Antigonus' "letter to Scepsis" (Austin nos. 31-32), and by Demetrius Poliorcetes at the liberation of Athens in 307 BC.a. What did "freedom and autonomy" mean?
b. Why did Antigonus and the other Successors care so much about the support of the Greeks once the political center of gravity had shifted east with Alexander's expedition?
E. The New Kings and the New Kingship
1. Antigonus was the first of the Successors to call himself King (basileus) in 306 BC.a. What was the occasion? Beyond the immediate occasion, what factors must have contributed to his decision to do so?
b. Of what did Antigonus regard himself to be King?2. Kingship of the Successor Kings
a. Be able to discuss the significance of the definition of the Hellenistic kingship on Outline 10.
b. In what ways did the Successor kings imitate Alexander? What features were Macedonian and what features were borrowed from the various Eastern traditions, the Persian in particular?
F. The Battle at Ipsus
1. What was the immediate cause of the Battle at Ipsus? What were the more remote causes of the battle?
2. What were the consequences of the battle? Consider Plutarch, Demetrius 30.
III. Athens in the Age of Alexander and the Successors (3/26)
A. Lamian War (323 BCE)
1. How did the following contribute to the rebellion against Macedonia known as the Lamian War:
- Alexander's decree calling for the return of exiles (324 BC)
- Harpalus
- death of Alexander the Great
- Hyperides
2. What were the goals of the rebels?
3. Against whom were the rebels rebelling?
4. What were the terms of the treaty that brought the Lamian War to an end?
B. Demetrius of Phaleron (317-307 BC)
1. What were the chief characterisitics of the government of Demetrius of Phaleron?
C. The Liberation of Athens (307 BC)
1. What was the role of the liberation of Athens in Antigonus' grand plans?
2. What did Demetrius do for Athens?
3. What did Athens do for Demetrius and Antigonus?
4. Who was Stratokles? Philippides?
5. Review Plutarch Demetrius 8-14
D. Athens after Ipsus (301-295 BC)
Events in Athens during this period are very complicated. You should be able to identify and explain the significance of:
1. Phaedrus
2. Lachares (we did not mention this about Lachares in class, but it was against him that the so-called "democrats" called upon Demetrius Poliorcetes in 294 BC)
E. Demetrius Poliorcetes and Athens (294-287 BC)
1. Why did Demetrius Poliorcetes want to control Athens and how did he come to do so in 294 BC?
2. Who were the leading statesmen in Athens during this period?
3. How should we understand the nature of the political groups in Athens at this time?
4. What factors (immediate and more long term) led to the liberation of Athens in 287 BC?
5. What was the role of the following in the liberation of Athens and its immediate aftermath?
- Olympiodorus
- Ptolemy
- Kallias
- Demochares
- Philippides
6. Review Burstein nos. 11; Austin no. 44.
F. Be able to identify and explain the significance of the following:
IV. Federalism (3/5)
A. Tensions within and between the Greek City-States (Poleis)
1. What new factors emerge in the Hellenistic Age which contributed to the likelihood that political, economic and social tensions within the Greek city-states would escalate to armed aggression?a. identify examples of each.2. What institutional mechanisms for interstate diplomacy and conflict resolution were available to the Greeks (or, be able to identify proxenia, isopoliteia, sympoliteia and asylia)?
B. Greek Federal States
1. What was a federal state?
2. Why is the "age of the Greek federal state" the Hellenistic Age?
C. The Achaian League
1. What were the stages in the development of the Achaean League?
2. What were the chief characteristics of the Achaean League?
3. Who was Aratus?
4. Assess Polybius as a source for the Achaean League (Austin no. 53).
5. Review Austin nos. 52 & 54.
D. Greek City-States outside the Federations
1. Why do you think Athens and Sparta chose to remain outside of the Hellenistic federal systems?
2. What do Austin nos. 55 and 56 suggest about the effects of this decision upon Sparta?