WEEK 5 (10/2): Greek
Religion and
Rationalism
Lecture Outline
Midterm Guide available under "Exam
Guides" under "Resources" on the main page
1. Greek Civic Religion
A. Fundamentals and characteristicsi. polytheistic and anthropomorphicii. pervasiveness: the polis as a religious association (every polis had its god), involvement of all
iii. commonality
iv. no dogma or priestly caste with special knowledge
B. Goals
i. practical: here and now
do ut des ("I give so that you give")
exceptions: mystery religions (see below)
ii. ritual and reciprocity: piety expressed in behavior
C. Festivals, Temples, Altars, Sanctuaries, and Their Purposes
i. Temples and Altars
temenos, "sanctuary"
Peisistratid altar, Altar of the Twelve Gods, Artemis Orthia
Doric (Parthenon), Ionic (Erechtheum), Corinthian
typical temple layout and organization
architectural elements: e. g., column drums, metope and triglyph
sculptural decoration: metopes, pediments, and their scale
the Greek temple: the Parthenon
some other classics: Agrigento, Segesta, Selinunte
at center of city, physically and spiritually: the Acropolis, model of Acropolis
OR in a rural setting of natural beauty: Bassae, Demeter on Naxos
cult statues: Athena Parthenos, Zeus at Olympia, Agrigento statue
violation of sacred space and laws: miasma, Curse of the Alcmaeonidae
ii. Festivals
Sparta: e. g., Hyacinthia, Carneia
iii. Pan-Hellenic Sanctuaries
Olympia and the Olympics
massive sanctuary of Zeus and Hera in the Peloponnesus
Olympics
traditionally founded 776 BC by Heracles,
held every 4 years
victors' dedications, epinician odes (Pindar and Bacchylides)
every two years
racetrack and devices at Isthmia
stadium at Nemea and graffiti
Delphi: a special case
the Sacred Way, lined with monuments
views of sanctuary: temple, temple from below, theater
the Delphic Oracle
Pythia: priestess of Apollo
consultation and procedure
nature of responses: human intelligence and the divine world
e.g., Croesus and the Delphic oracle
postscript: priestesses and natural gases!
2. Mystery Religions
myth vs. religion
nomos (law,
custom)
vs. physis (nature) = "Nature vs. Nurture"
theories about
the composition
of the universe
other theories
of science and
mathematics
medicine:
Asclepius,
Hippocrates, Epidaurus
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Updated 10/1/06,
bolmarcich@mail.utexas.edu