Vladimir Propp's 31 Functions

 

I. Member of family absents self from home

II. Interdiction announced

III. Iterdiction violated

IV. Villain tries to meet

V. Villain receives information

VI. Villain attempts trickery

VII. Victim deceived

VIII. Villain harms family

VIIIa. Member of family lacks or desires

IX. Hero approached about lack

X. Seeker decides on counteraction

XI. Hero leaves home

XII. Hero tested: prepares for magical agent

XIII. Hero responds to test of donor

XIV. Hero gets magical agent

XV. Hero transferred to object of search

XVI. Hero and villain in direct combat

XVII. Hero branded

XVIII. Villain defeated

XIX. Initial lack liquidated

XX. Hero returns

XXI. Hero pursued

XXII. Rescue of hero from pursuit

XXIII. Unrecognized, hero arrives home or other country

XXIV. False hero

XXV. Difficult task

XXVI. Task resolved

XXVII. Hero recognized

XXVIII. False hero exposed

XXIX. Hero given new appearance

XXX. villain punished

XXXI. Hero marries and ascends throne