Lecture notes on Operant Conditioning
The Operant Paradigm
Sd--------------R------------------Sr
Discriminative Response Contingent
Stimulus Stimulus
Increasing an operant response
Shaping
Reinforcement
Positive
Negative(escape/avoidance - aversive control to INCREASE a response)
Examples of negative reinforcement
Types of reinforcers
Primary vs Secondary
Tangible vs Social vs Premack
Decreasing an operant response
Extinction
Incompatible response procedure (counterconditioning)
Punishment
Time out
A comparison between reinforcement and punishment
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Positive |
Negative |
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Presented |
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|
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Removed |
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Stimulus Control in both classical and operant conditioning
Generalization
Discrimination
Applications of behavior theory
Instructional objectives
Programmed instruction and CAI
Mastery learning and self-paced instruction
Contracts
Behavior modification
How do you design a program for operantly conditioned responses?
1. Identify the target behavior
2. Do you want to increase it or decrease it?
3.
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To increase it |
To decrease it |
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Shaping Reinforcement (positive or negative) |
Extinction Punishment Counterconditioning |