Classify the following examples as either classical conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning(OC)

Classify the following examples as either classical conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning(OC).

1. Because taking exams in the past has always led to failure and humiliation, Sam gets nervous and nauseous whenever the teacher announces that they’re about to take a quiz.

2. To make quizzes less anxiety producing, Sam has learned to study regularly, which pays off in better quiz performance and grades.

3. As a result of his better study habits, Sam now can spend weekends doing things he likes.

X --------> Y In the paradigm on the left what do the letters in

questions 4 and 5 represent?

CS -------> Z

A. the unconditioned stimulus

B. the unconditioned response

C. the conditioned stimulus

D. the conditioned response

4. The letter Z in the above paradigm represents:

5. The letter X in the above paradigm represents:

6. If the paradigm above were used to represent Pavlov’s famous experiment, which of the following would be represented by the letter Y?

A. salivation

Match the following examples to the procedures listed in questions 7 and 8,

A. If the sight of violence used to evoke a feeling of fear and revulsion in kids, their constant exposure to violence on tv, which they realize is not real and can’t hurt them, may eventually cause them to not feel fear when they see violence portrayed or in real life.

B. We can get people to stop smoking if we put something in their cigarettes that makes them sick.

C. To cure people of a fear of flying, there are programs that use mental visualizations that gradually bring them closer and closer to the actual flight experience without allowing them to panic. Eventually their fears are replaced with relaxation.

D. Probably the best way to get rid of a fear is to face up to it and plunge ahead with whatever is making you afraid.

7. Which of the above shows the procedure of extinction as described in classical conditioning?

8. Which of the above shows the procedure of systematic desensitization in classical conditioning?

9. Which of the above shows the procedure of counterconditioning in classical conditioning?

B. We can get people to stop smoking if we put something in their cigarettes that makes them sick.

10. Which of the following examples is based on the concept of shaping in operant conditioning?

D. To help someone get control over their eating habits, we have to first reinforce any reduction in food intake and only gradually lead up to a full overhaul of their diet.

Classify each of the following examples as positive reinforcement (PR) or negative reinforcement (NR) or punishment (P). The person being reinforced or punished is underlined.

11. When students in the class started whispering to one another, the teacher gave them a warning look, which resulted in them being quiet and allowed her to go back to the lesson.

12. Clients who successfully complete a whole series of therapy sessions without reverting to maladaptive behavior receive a free relaxation tape of their choice.

13. I try to ask questions in class, but the instructor is very critical of me when I do.

14. Each time her client arrives for the appointment prepared to begin working immediately, the therapist begins the session with a fun activity.

15. Every time I buy a lottery ticket, all that happens is I lose money, so I stopped.

Classify each of examples of reinforcement in questions 14 through 16 as one of the following:

A. Primary reinforcement

B. Social reinforcement

C. Premack reinforcement

16. Being told by a favorite teacher that they were well-behaved while attending a concert was very effective in reinforcing younger students.

17. Really young children respond better when there are edible treats involved in the reinforcement procedure.

18. Teenagers are more reinforced if their work results in more free time to spend with their friends.

19. Students soon learn that if the instructor signals she is ready to begin the lesson, they have to settle down. Otherwise they are allowed to talk and move around the room as they please. This has probably come about through what process?

C. discrimination training

20. In thinking about what makes reinforcement more effective, which of the following qualities does the textbook stress as the most critical?

B. consistency

21. Which of the following punishment procedures would be most beneficial in the long run?

C. Punishment is used to suppress dangerous behavior while more appropriate behavior is being reinforced.

22. From the perspective of the teacher, why is punishment a dangerous practice?

D. Because punishment is so effective in stopping annoying behaviors, anyone who uses it is immediately negatively reinforced and therefore more likely to use it again.

23. Which aspect of operant conditioning does the use of instructional objectives relate to most closely?

B. the specification of the desired end behavior in observable terms

In the following matrix, which letter represents the two processes in items 24 and 25?

The

stimulus is positive

The stimulus is negative

The stimulus is presented

The stimulus is removed

A. positive reinforcement

B. negative reinforcement

C. punishment

24. The correct term for cell Y is:

C. Punishment

25. The correct term for cell Z is:

B. Negative reinforcement

Indicate which motivation theory is represented by each statement on the right. Theories can be used more than once.

A. Drive theory 15. For some adolescents, friendships are the most

important force in their choices.

B. Needs theory B. Needs theory

16. It is important that students recognize when

C. Expectancy/value theory they have made choices that resulted in bad

outcomes.

D. Attribution theory D. Attribution theory

17. Students who fail to eat a good breakfast will

spend their time thinking about lunch.

A. Drive theory

18. Students need to understand why a particular

task must be done.

C. Expectancy/value theory

19. Teacher praise is a very effective strategy with

kids who don’t get much praise at home.

B. Needs theory

20. Which of the following instructional settings is depending on extrinsic motivators to encourage students to do their work?

D. For each book report a student does, she earns points towards being named student of the month.

21. When is heightened emotion likely to enhance performance rather than being debilitating?

A. When the learner has self-efficacy with regards to the situation.

22. Which of the following statements would be most true of the “new” theories of motivation?

A. They focus on how the individual thinks about what is happening and then interprets it.

24. Which of the following students is engaging in self-handicapping?

B Lucy procrastinated about studying for the exam until the night before.

25. Which of the following students is engaging in defensive pessimism?

D. Woodie starts worrying about a performance weeks in advance, which causes him to practice every day, maybe even too much.

Andrea has a terrible fear of public speaking, which causes her to freeze and forget what she wanted to say. However, she also wants very much to be in politics, which means she will have to make a lot of public speeches in the upcoming race to be the student association president. She has come to your clinic to get some help in overcoming this terrible problem so she can finally run for office successfully. Describe two procedures you would implement for her, one based on classical conditioning and one on operant conditioning. (10 points)

The procedure based on classical conditioning techniques:

Name the target behavior you choose to modify

Describe the procedure you would use.

How does your procedure related to classical conditioning?

The procedure based on operant conditioning techniques:

Name the target behavior you choose to modify

Describe the procedure you would use.

How does your procedure related to operant conditioning?