1. In developmental theory, Piaget was responsible for which assertion about learning?
A. Adults learn better than children because they are more effective at using a variety of strategies.
B. Children at the highest levels of development use concrete examples to help them understand the world.
C. Children at different levels of development appear to be using different mental models and rules for interpreting the same experience.
D. Children have difficulty learning words because they don’t have much prior knowledge to draw on.
2. According to Vygotsky’s developmental theory, children gradually develop “inner speech” to control their own behavior. Why would this support cognitive theory?
A. The concept of “inner speech” implied thinking, not just responding.
B. This development of “inner speech” results from social interaction rather than experience.
C. The development of “inner speech” is very much like classical conditioning.
D. Behaviorists have recently expanded their theory to include speech as a behavior that can be shaped.
3. Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the attention process in learning?
A. A teacher’s enthusiasm increases the number of students who are paying attention.
B. Learners must register sensations by all senses to be most efficient.
C. Learners must focus on the key components of new information in order to learn.
D. A teacher’s attention to students’ answers increases their learning.
4. Perception involves:
A. picking out the most vivid new stimulus in the environment.
B. comparing new incoming stimulation with prior knowledge in order to recognize it.
C. placing a value or emotional tag on an incoming stimulus.
D. changing the incoming stimulus to something that’s easier to store in memory.
Imagine you are teaching someone to be able to analyze their eating habits to make them healthier. Match the teaching method to the description below. (Each may only be used once.)
A. Schema activation
B. Advance organizer
C. Comparative organizer
D. Concept mapping
5. I’d create a chart that had typical “unhealthy” lunches in one column with a lunch that was more appropriate in a second column and have the learner fill in a third column with what was different about the two.
6. As we started a learning session, I’d have the learner recall what she thought it meant to eat healthy lunches and did hers from the day before fit that description.
7. I’d give the learner a whole list of foods and have the learner create a visual picture linking and grouping them according to their nutritional uses.
Long term memories are stored in a variety of ways. Indicate which type of storage is being described in the examples.
8. When we only learn something through memorizing or learning details rather than understanding it, the memories are said to be:
A. surface processed
B. deep processed
9. Some types of knowledge influence our behavior without our even being aware of it. This type of knowledge is referred to as:
A. explicit
B. implicit
10. I can recognize an object as being a cup because it fits my “cup”:
A. comparative organizer
B. script
C. schema
D. episodic memory.
Match the type of forgetting with the description.
A. Repression
B. Subsumption
C. Interference
D. Reconstruction errors
11. The type of forgetting most closely associated with the poor quality of eyewitness testimony
12. The type of forgetting most likely to occur if you take two very similar, but slightly different courses one after the other.
13. Which letter of the Svinicki GAMES model is most closely associated with the cognitive process of retrieval?
G
A
M
E
S