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IN MEMORIAM
ROBERT MORSE CRUNDEN
Robert Morse Crunden, professor of American
studies and history at The University of Texas at Austin, died suddenly
at home on March 23, 1999, after suffering a heart attack. For more
than 30 years he played a major role in the development of the University’s
American studies and American civilization programs (later the Department
of American Studies). He earned wide respect as a cultural historian
for his understanding of the "climates of creativity" animating
American artistic, literary, and political movements in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. As one of the first Americans to hold
a Fulbright chair at a foreign university, he helped define the duties
and opportunities of such appointments. His vigorous intellect, his
tireless dedication as a scholar and teacher, and his generosity as
a colleague have indelibly marked the fields of American studies and
history at the University and beyond.
Robert M. Crunden was born in Jersey
City, New Jersey, on December 23, 1940. His sister recalls that Bob
excelled in intellectual pursuits even as a young boy. Reading and writing
were his passions. During summers at the family home in Nova Scotia
he spent long hours sitting quietly with his books. From an early age
he was fiercely independent and relished a good argument on almost any
topic. He entered Yale College as a freshman in 1958 and received a
BA magna cum laude in 1962. While still an undergraduate, he
collaborated with his grandfather on the writing of a self-published
mystery, A Chicago Winter’s Tale (1960). He devoted his
senior thesis to the journalist and cultural critic Albert J. Nock,
in whom he discovered a kindred spirit. He internalized Nock’s
reverence for high culture, his devotion to good writing, his role as
a skeptical curmudgeon, and his self-conscious identification as a conservative.
But conservatism for Bob Crunden was not necessarily a matter of politics.
As he later wrote in the introduction to his anthology of writings by
The Superfluous Men: Conservative Critics of American Culture, 1900-1945
(1977), conservatism involved "an assumption about which areas
of life are generally rewarding for the intelligent person to concentrate
upon." For him, those areas encompassed the life of the mind and
the study of those who had devoted their own lives to it. With the encouragement
of his grandfather, he published his thesis as The Mind and Art of
Albert J. Nock in 1964.
After graduating from Yale, Bob entered
the graduate program in the history of American civilization at Harvard
University, where he studied with Frank Freidel. He received a PhD in
1967 for a dissertation on the Progressive reformer and novelist Brand
Whitlock, a study he published two years later as A Hero in Spite
of Himself: Brand Whitlock in Art, Politics and War. This project
set the tone for much of his later work as a scholar. In examining Whitlock’s
varied career as a reformer, politician, diplomat, and novelist, the
young graduate student trooped across disciplinary boundaries and came
to appreciate the significance of the biographical. Although his study
of Whitlock proved to be his only full-scale biography, throughout his
career he employed and perfected a methodology that involved juxtaposing
short biographies of carefully selected individuals as a means of discovering
and presenting the tensions, conflicts, and meanings of a particular
historical moment.
Soon after completing graduate study,
Bob Crunden received an invitation to join the faculty of the University
for the fall 1967 semester. William H. Goetzmann, who had taught him
as an undergraduate at Yale, recruited him to assist in revitalizing
the American studies program and to teach courses in American cultural
and intellectual history. These were boom years at the University, and
Bob later recalled the free-wheeling social life of young assistant
professors in the humanities–many of them "exiles" from
the Northeast struggling to adapt to Austin’s "laid-back"
atmosphere. For many years he anchored the undergraduate American studies
major with a two-semester survey course, "Main Currents of American
Culture," which was famous for wry sarcasm, pithy anecdotes, unprecedented
note-taking challenges, and a refusal to consider public university
students any less capable than those of elite private colleges. Eventually
he adapted these lectures for publication as A Brief History of American
Culture (1990), which appeared in several editions in English and
was translated into Arabic, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish. In addition
to the introductory survey, he taught undergraduate seminars on the
Progressive era and on religious, political, intellectual, and art history–with
perhaps his most popular course, sometimes offered as a Plan II seminar,
being "The Artist in American Society," an interdisciplinary
examination of painting, sculpture, music, and literature considered
through the biographical approach he had developed in his scholarship.
Students in graduate seminars found
Bob Crunden a demanding instructor. He regularly taught a required first-semester
American studies seminar in which students learned to deconstruct recent
works in cultural, social, and intellectual history long before the
concept of deconstruction became commonplace. Over the years he also
offered seminars in the American conservative tradition, the artist
in American life, Southern history through literature, and modernism
as a cultural paradigm. He gave good hard advice to everyone, never
minced words when judging student work, offered his own intellectual
life as a model, and considered his courses a form of initiation. Many
graduate students thrived under this rigorous discipline. Some of them
recognized that his formidable exterior concealed a shy man who was
often warm, helpful, even sentimental. Their appreciation for his many
talents appears in the fact that he supervised more than 20 PhD dissertations
and 30 MA theses in American studies and history. He also served on
scores of additional graduate committees in those two departments and
in such disciplines as English, government, and art history.
Bob Crunden was also known for Herculean
dedication to departmental and University-wide administration and governance.
He served as graduate adviser in American studies from 1969 to 1976
and as director of the American studies program from 1985 to 1990. Always
forthright in stating his views, he won both praise and criticism for
his policies and built the program into a department in all but name
(official recognition came in 1998). From 1990 until his death, he continued
to influence American studies by serving as chair of the graduate studies
committee and overseeing the graduate admissions process. In the Department
of History, he served on many committees, especially those involved
with hiring and promotion. Bob’s comments were often sharp, but
they were almost always on the mark. The reputations of both departments,
American studies and history, owe much to Bob Crunden’s unrelenting
devotion to hard work and high professional standards. As a history
colleague observed at his memorial service, "Bob always kept us
honest."
Colleagues often marveled at his ability
to maintain an energetic research and writing agenda while tirelessly
mentoring students and continually taking the pulse of undergraduate
and graduate curricula. They were impressed by the apparently omnivorous
quality of his reading, by the depth of his knowledge in diverse areas
ranging from the music of Charles Ives to the literatures of the British
Commonwealth countries. Even so, his published work remained squarely
in the cultural and intellectual history of the United States in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As noted above, his scholarly
method focused on shared climates of creativity revealed through group
biographies of individuals active in diverse intellectual and cultural
practices at a particular historical moment. He first experimented with
this approach, which was influenced by the psychohistorical writings
of Erik Erikson, in From Self to Society, 1919-1941 (1972). That
work traced changing interpretations of the relationship between the
individual and society from the Progressives’ feelings of common
identity, through the alienation of the 1920s, to the communitarianism
of the 1930s. He expanded the scope of this biographical method in Ministers
of Reform: The Progressives’ Achievement in American Civilization,
1889-1920 (1982) and employed it in two subsequent books, American
Salons: Encounters with European Modernism, 1885-1917 (1993) and
Body and Soul: The Making of American Modernism (2000).
Conceived as a trilogy exploring ambivalent
American responses to the condition of modernity, all three of these
works displayed a talent for broad synthesis of a dazzling array of
disciplines and figures. In Ministers of Reform, Crunden traced
the transformation of traditional Protestant morality into the Progressive
activism of such varied figures as Jane Addams and Woodrow Wilson and
explored the formally innovative but ideologically conservative expressions
of such artists as Charles Ives and Frank Lloyd Wright. The second volume,
American Salons, explored early expressions of American modernism
by iconoclasts such as James Whistler and Henry James, who rejected
the jingoism and boosterism of the Progressives and tended to look to
Europe for inspiration. Underlying the book was an assumption that urban
life, as opposed to the rural and small-town backdrop of Progressivism,
was essential to the rise of modernism. The final volume in the trilogy,
the posthumously published Body and Soul, is a sweeping cultural
history of the rise of a truly American modernism in the 1920s. Rooted
in jazz and inspired by American urban life rather than that of Europe,
this second-generation modernism encompassed the music of Jelly Roll
Morton, Louis Armstrong, Ethel Waters, and George Gershwin; the art
of Georgia O’Keefe and Paul Strand; and the writings of Gertrude
Stein, Langston Hughes, and John Dos Passos. Taken together, these three
volumes inscribe an arc that would have been followed, had Crunden lived
to write it, by a fourth volume on the collective mind of the 1930s.
In addition to writing these ambitious
books, Bob Crunden also edited several volumes. He joined Frank Freidel
and Norman Pollack in editing the second edition of their anthology,
Builders of American Institutions: Readings in United States History
(1972). Previously mentioned, The Superfluous Men offered an
idiosyncratic portrait of the American conservative intellectual tradition
in primary sources ranging from George Santayana to Walter Lippmann.
Crunden also edited two anthologies of scholarly essays: New Perspectives
on America and South Asia (with Manoj Joshi and R. V. R. Chandrasekhar
Rao, 1984) and The Traffic of Ideas Between India and America
(1985).
The latter two collections derived from
symposia Crunden organized at the American Studies Research Centre in
Hyderabad, India, where he served as director for two academic years,
from 1982 to 1984. This Fulbright position exemplified his dedication
to the international American studies movement. While in residence in
Hyderabad, he supervised the Centre’s operations, taught courses,
organized conferences, expanded the library, edited the Indian Journal
of American Studies, lectured extensively at other universities,
offered advice on curricular development, and inspired a generation
of Americanists.
The shape of his activities in India
owed much to prior experience as the inaugural holder of the Bicentennial
Chair in American Studies at the University of Helsinki, Finland, in
1976-1977. As perhaps the first person appointed to a Fulbright chair
anywhere, Crunden defined the multifarious duties now routinely expected
of such appointees. He succeeded so well that he was invited to return
to Helsinki in the same capacity in 1991-1992. Among many professional
honors, he was especially proud of his election to the Finnish Academy
(Suomen Tiedeakatemia) in 1997. He was also pleased that his general
text, A Brief History of American Culture, which he had prepared
as an introduction for foreign students, was first published in Finland.
Dedicated to the importance of internationalizing the field of American
studies, Bob relished any opportunity to teach outside the U.S. and
enjoyed welcoming foreign scholars to Austin–inviting them to stay
with him, helping them navigate the University’s libraries, and
encouraging their research. He also served as a visiting professor in
American studies at the University of Würzburg, Germany, in 1979
and again in 1982, and as a senior Fulbright lecturer at La Trobe University
in Australia in 1978.
Despite Professor Crunden’s well-deserved
reputation for acerbity, his closest academic relationships were with
graduate students and junior faculty. Bob was a consummate listener
and editor. He was gifted with the ability to recognize and clarify
the key points of an uncertain or disorganized argument. Numerous scholars,
both at the University and elsewhere, owe some of the success of their
publications and possibly their tenure to Bob’s willingness to
pore over their prose and help transform it into clear English. Because
of this talent, he was also in constant demand as a book reviewer and
outside manuscript reader (though authors also awaited with considerable
trepidation his frank, sometimes sarcastic, notices). Bob liked few
things better than to champion an unknown but well-conceived and well-written
manuscript, especially one at political or ideological odds with his
own opinions. One of the few things he did enjoy more was to talk with
a group of graduate students and colleagues over a pitcher of beer.
Whether he was probing the Progressives’ contributions to American
civilization or the dynamics of modernist salons in London and Paris,
or the roots of jazz or the movies, or the failures of American foreign
policy, or the ideas that animated a social movement or an aesthetic
milieu, Bob made brilliant and broad syntheses. As a colleague observed,
"he was a one-man climate of creativity, bringing out the best
in everyone who let him touch their minds."
Throughout Bob’s life, the family
home in Nova Scotia offered a refuge from Austin summers and from the
demands of teaching and advising. Reading and writing alternated in
a simple rhythm with chopping wood, boating, and making repairs. Physically
active throughout the year, Bob was known for his daily swim at Barton
Springs and for walking to and from the University in any weather. He
threw himself into everything he did–swimming, writing, teaching,
parenting, mentoring, attending chamber concerts and movies, debating
students and colleagues, holding forth on just about anything. He refused
to own a television and acquired hundreds of phonograph albums, mostly
classical and jazz, including a collection of Scandinavian composers
so unique that the Fine Arts Library was pleased to accept its donation
after his death.
Bob had no tolerance for obfuscatory
prose but infinite patience for reading children’s books to
his young daughters. He had strong opinions on just about everything,
including the value of integrity, scholarship, and friendship. He
was one of those elemental individuals about whom everyone had a
strong opinion one way or the other. By his example, Bob Crunden
challenged and provoked everyone around him–an experience for
which the vast majority remain grateful. His survivors include his
mother Marjorie Morse Crunden and sister Joan Crunden Lewis, both
of Boulder, Colorado; and daughters Wendy Eberle-Sinatra of Toronto,
Canada, and Evelyn Ann and Rebecca Joan Crunden of Austin, Texas.
<signed>
Larry R. Faulkner, President
The University of Texas at Austin
<signed>
John R. Durbin, Secretary
The General Faculty
This memorial resolution was prepared
by a special committee consisting of Professors Jeffrey L. Meikle (chair),
Shelley Fisher Fishkin, and Neil Foley.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS BY ROBERT MORSE CRUNDEN
Books
Allan B. Crunden and Robert Morse Crunden,
A Chicago Winter’s Tale (New York: Vantage Press, 1960),
224pp.
The Mind and Art of Albert Jay Nock
(Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1964), 230pp.
A Hero in Spite of Himself: Brand
Whitlock in Art, Politics and War (New York: Knopf, 1969), 479pp.
From Self to Society, 1919-1941
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972), 212pp.
Builders of American Institutions:
Readings in United States History, 2nd ed., ed. Frank Freidel, Norman
Pollack, and Robert Crunden (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1972), 2vol.
Progressivism, by John D. Buenker,
John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden (Cambridge: Schenkman, 1977),
152 pp. ("Essay," pp. 71-103; "Rejoinder," pp. 107-111).
ed., The Superfluous Men: Conservative
Critics of American Culture, 1900-1945 (Austin: University of Texas
Press, 1977; Bryn Mawr: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1999), 284pp.
Ministers of Reform: The Progressives’
Achievement in American Civilization, 1889-1920 (New York: Basic
Books, 1982; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984), 307pp.
New Perspectives on America and South
Asia, ed. Robert M. Crunden, Manoj Joshi, and R.V.R. Chandrasekhar
Rao (Delhi: Chanakya, 1984), 239pp.
ed., Traffic of Ideas Between India
and America (Delhi: Chanakya, 1985), 378pp.
A Brief History of American Culture
(Helsinki: Suomen historiallinen seura, 1990), 284pp.
Uma breve historia da cultura americana
(Rio de Janeiro: Nordica, 1990), 348pp.
American Salons: Encounters with
European Modernism, 1885-1917 (New York: Oxford University Press,
1993), 493pp.
A Brief History of American Culture
(New York: Paragon House,1994), 363pp.
Introducción a la historia
de la cultura norteamericana (Bogotá: El Áncora Editores,
1994), 445pp.
Brief History [Arabic] (Amman:
Dar-Al-Ahlieh, 1995), 413pp.
Brief History [Korean] (Seoul,
1996), 438pp.
A Brief History of American Culture (New York:
North Castle Books, 1996), 363pp.
Body and Soul: The Making of American Modernism
(New York: Basic Books, 2000), 475pp.
Articles
"Freud, Erikson, and the Historian:
A Bibliographical Survey," Canadian Review of American Studies
1973 4(1): 48-64.
"George D. Herron in the 1890s:
A New Frame of Reference for the Study of the Progressive Era,"
Annals of Iowa 1973 42(2): 81-113.
"Charles Ives’ Innovative
Nostalgia," Choral Journal 1974 15(4): 5-12.
"Charles Ives’ Place in American
Culture," in H. Wiley Hitchcock and Vivian Perlis, eds., An
Ives Celebration (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977), pp.
4-13.
"Yhdysvaltain historian opetus
ja kirjallisuus Suomessa [teaching the literature of American history
in Finland]," in Markku Henriksson, ed., Amerikan Yhdysvaltain
historian koulukunnista ja kirjalli-suudesta (Helsinki: Helsingin
yliopisto, 1977), 27 pp.
"Nykyaikaisen amerikkalaisen konservatismin
ääriviivat [parameters of modern American conservatism],"
Kanava 1978 (2): 4 pp.
"Intellektuellien maastamuutto
[emigration of the intellectuals]," Kanava 1979 (2): 10
pp.
"Rockefellerit ja rahan mahti [the
Rockefellers and the power of money]," Kanava 1979 (7):
4 pp.
"Neokonservatismin kehitys Yhdysvalloissa
[development of neoconservatism in the United States]," Kanava
1980 (6): 349-353.
"A History of American History,"
Indian Journal of American Studies 1982 12(2): 3-34.
"Modernin amerikkalaisen runouden
alkuvaiheet [early years of modern American poetry]," Kanava
1982 (8): 496-498.
"The Impact of Feminism on American
Historiography," Indian Journal of American Studies 1983
13(2): 3-8.
"A Joshua for Historians,"
WLWE (World Literature Written in English) 1983 22(2): 235-254.
"Ralph Ellison’s New World
Symphony," Indian Journal of American Studies, 1983 13(1):
45-54.
"Yhdysvaltain historiankirjoitus
[historiography of the United States]," in Päivi Setälä,
Pekka Suvanto, and Matti Viikari, eds., Historiankirjoituksen historia
(Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 1983), pp. 252-279.
"A Diplomacy of Inadvertence: The
Larger Context of America’s Postwar Asian Policy," in Crunden,
Joshi, and Rao, eds., New Perspectives on America and South Asia,
pp. 3-32.
"The Intellectual Background,"
introduction to special issue, "From the 1950s to the 1960s: A
Major Transition in American Culture," Indian Journal of American
Studies 1984 14(2): 5-9.
"William James and a World of Pure
Experience," Indian Journal of American Studies 1986 16(1):
3-26.
"The First Year of the Chair, 1976-7,"
in Markku Henriksson, Irene Himberg, and Jukka Tiusanen, eds., Ten
Years of American Studies: The Helsinki Experience (Helsinki: Suomen
historiallinen seura, 1987), pp. 13-24.
"Martin Luther Kingin muuttuva
kuva [the changing image of Martin Luther King]," Kanava
1991 (7): 395-400.
"William F. Buckley Jr. ja Yhdysvaltain
konservatismin monihaaraiset juuret [William F. Buckley, Jr., and the
many roots of American conservatism]," Kanava 1992 (1):
395-400.
"Oliver Stonen mielikuvitusmaailma
[the imaginary world of Oliver Stone]," Kanava 1992 (3):
168-170.
"Amerikan uusi sosiaalihistoria
[America’s new social history]," Historiallinen Aikakauskirja
1993 91(4): 307-310.
"Kokonaiskuva presidentti Reaganista
selkeytyy [overall picture of President Reagan becomes clearer],"
Kanava 1993 (2): 92-96.
"Pros and Cons of Life in a Foreign
University," in Richard P. Horwitz, ed., Exporting America:
Essays on American Studies Abroad (New York: Garland Reference Library,
1993), pp. 115-128.
"Brandeis: A Comment," American
Jewish History 1994 81(3-4): 428-431.
"The Enigma of Boston in the Coming
of American Modernism," Journal of Contemporary Thought
1995 1: 71-104.
"Yhdysvaltain turvallisuuspolitiikka:
McNamara, Kissinger, Shultz [U.S. politics of security]," Kanava
1995 (5): 279-287.
"Scott Fitzgerald’s Jazz Age,"
Katatiya Journal of English Studies 16 (Dec 1996) 89-105.
"On Charles Ives," Modernism/Modernity,
1997 4(3): 154-159.
"Psychoanalysis, Gender and School
Reform in the Salon of Mabel Dodge, 1913-1917," in Marjatta Hietala,
Jarmo Oikarinen, and Hannele Virtala, eds., Arvot, analyysi, tulkinta
(Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 1997), pp. 211-229.
"Movement without Migration: The
Physiology of the City in Dos Passos’ Manhattan Transfer,"
in Jeffrey Kaplan, Mark Shackleton, and Maarika Toivonen, eds., Migration,
Preservation, and Change: Articles Based on the Seventh Maple Leaf and
Eagle Conference on North American Studies at the University of Helsinki,
May 14-17, 1998 (Helsinki: Renvall Institute, 1999), pp. 181-186.
"Eugene O’Neill’s Jungian
Impulses," in Mikko Saikku, Maarika Toivonen, and Mikko Toivonen,
eds., In Search of a Continent: A North American Studies Odyssey:
Festschrift in Honor of Professor Markku Henriksson’s 50th Anniversary
(Helsinki: Renvall Institute for Area and Cultural Studies, 1999), pp.
275-293.
Sound Recording
Literature, Pleasure, and Power
(Research Triangle Park, NC: National Humanities Center, 1988), side
B, interview and discussion recorded July 24, 1988.
Book Reviews
David M. Potter, The South and the
Sectional Conflict (1968), in Social Science Quarterly 1970
51(3): 777.
Joseph A. Mussulman, Music in the
Cultured Generation: A Social History of Music in America, 1870-1900
(1971), in Yearbook for Inter-American Musical Research 1971
7: 129-133.
Frank R. Rossiter, "Charles Ives
and American Culture: The Process of Development, 1874-1921," PhD
dissertation, Princeton University, 1970, in Yearbook for Inter-American
Musical Research 1972 8: 181-185.
Christopher Lasch, Haven in a Heartless
World: The Family Besieged (1977), in Modern Age 1978 22(3):
329.
Irving Kristol, Two Cheers for Capitalism
(1978), in Modern Age 1978 22(4): 432-433.
Donald F. Crosby, S.J., God, Church
and Flag: Senator Joseph R. McCarthy and the Catholic Church (1978),
in Modern Age 1979 23(2): 203-204.
George H. Douglas, H. L. Mencken:
Critic of American Life (1978), in Modern Age 1980 24(2):
217-218.
Lois Parkinson Zamora, ed., The Apocalyptic
Vision in America: Interdisciplinary Essays on Myth and Culture
(1982), in Indian Journal of American Studies 12 (July 1982)
115-119.
Irving Howe, A Margin of Hope: An
Intellectual Autobiography (1982), in Indian Journal of American
Studies 13 (January 1983) 140-144.
William D. Miller, Dorothy Day: A
Biography (1982), in Indian Journal of American Studies 13
(July 1983) 199-202.
Rosalind Rosenberg, Beyond Separate
Spheres: Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism (1982), in Indian
Journal of American Studies 13 (July 1983) 202-205.
Jay Fliegelman, Prodigals & Pilgrims:
The American Revolution against Patriarchal Authority, 1750-1800
(1982); Karen Halttunen, Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study
of Middle-Class Culture in America, 1830-1870 (1982); Leslie Fishbein,
Rebels in Bohemia: The Radicals of The Masses, 1911-1917 (1982);
Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World
(1982); and S. Frederick Starr, Red and Hot: The Fate of Jazz in
the Soviet Union 1917-1980 (1983); in Indian Journal of American
Studies 1984 14(1): 136-144.
James K. Lyon, Bertolt Brecht in
America (1980); Ronald Sanders, The Days Grow Short: The Life
and Music of Kurt Weill (1980); Robert Károly Sarlós,
Jig Cook and the Provincetown Players: Theatre in Ferment (1982);
John Russell Taylor, Strangers in Paradise: The Hollywood Emigres,
1933-1950 (1983); and F. Richard Thomas, Literary Admirers of
Alfred Steiglitz (1983); in Indian Journal of American Studies
14 (July 1984) 207-214.
Sam Bass Warner Jr., Province of
Reason (1984), in American Historical Review 90 (April 1985)
501.
Marc Chénetier and Rob Kroes,
eds., Impressions of a Gilded Age: The American Fin de Siècle,
in Amerikastudien/American Studies 1985 30(2): 283.
David W. Levy, Herbert Croly of The
New Republic: The Life and Thought of an American Progressive (1985),
in Journal of American History 72 (December 1985) 715-716.
David C. Duke, Distant Obligations:
Modern American Writers and Foreign Causes (1983), in Indian
Journal of American Studies 1986 16(1): 121-123.
Richard Slotkin, The Fatal Environment:
The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization, 1800-1890
(1985), in Technology and Culture 28 (October 1987) 859-860.
James T. Kloppenberg, Uncertain Victory:
Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought,
1870-1920 (1986) and Paul Edward Gottfried, The Search for Historical
Meaning: Hegel and the Postwar American Right (1986), in Canadian
Review of American Studies 1987 18(4): 507-510.
Peter M. Rutkoff and William B. Scott,
New School: A History of the New School for Social Research (1986),
in Historian 50 (February 1988) 309.
Jack Salzman, ed., American Studies:
An Annotated Bibliography (1986), in Journal of American Folklore
74 (March 1988) 1426-1427.
David B. Danborn, "The World
of Hope": Progressives and the Struggle for an Ethical Public Life
(1987), in American Historical Review 93 (April 1988) 510.
Lawrence A. Cremin, American Education:
The Metropolitan Experience, 1876-1980 (1988), in Reviews in
American History 16 (December 1988) 652-656.
Alice Goldfarb Marquis, Hopes and
Ashes: The Birth of Modern Times, 1929-1939 (1986), in Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography 113 (January 1989) 131-132.
John C. Burnham, Paths into American
Culture: Psychology, Medicine and Morals (1988), in Journal of
Interdisciplinary History 20 (Autumn 1989) 325-327.
Sean Dennis Cashman, America in the
Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I (1988), in
Journal of American History 76 (December 1989) 965.
Niels Aage Thorsen, The Political
Thought of Woodrow Wilson, 1875-1910 (1988), in American Historical
Review 95 (February 1990) 288-289.
Sue Bridwell Beckham, Depression
Post Office Murals and Southern Culture: A Gentle Reconstruction
(1989), in Journal of Southern History 57 (May 1991) 353-354.
David Glassberg, American Historical
Pageantry: The Uses of Tradition in the Early Twentieth Century
(1990), in Reviews in American History 1991 19(4): 463-467.
J. David Hoeveler Jr., Watch on the
Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era (1991), in Journal
of American History 78 (March 1992) 1529-1530.
August Heckscher, Woodrow Wilson
(1991), in American Historical Review 98 (February 1993) 267.
George Cotkin, Reluctant Modernism:
American Thought and Culture, 1880-1900 (1992), in American Studies
1993 34(2): 137-139.
Michael Kammen, Mystic Chords of
Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture (1991),
in Journal of Southern History 59 (May 1993) 326-327.
Michael E. Parrish, Anxious Decades:
American in Prosperity and Depression, 1920-1941 (1992), in Journal
of American History 1993 80(3): 1131-1132.
Stanley Coben, Rebellion Against
Victorianism: The Impetus for Cultural Change in 1920s America,
in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1993 35(4): 874-875.
Mary Kupiec Cayton, Elliott J. Gorn,
and Peter W. Williams, eds., Encyclopedia of American Social History,
in Social Science Quarterly 1994 75(1): 222-223.
Edward A. Stettner, Shaping Modern
Liberalism: Herbert Croly and Progressive Thought (1993), in Journal
of American History 1994 81(1): 311-312.
William Leach, Land of Desire: Merchants,
Power and the Rise of a New American Culture (1993), in Historian
1994 56(4): 754-755.
Russell Kirk, America’s British
Culture (1993), in Libraries & Culture 1995 30(1): 111-112.
Lawrence J. Oliver, Brander Matthews,
Theodore Roosevelt, and the Politics of American Literature, 1880-1920
(1992), in American Studies 1995 36(1): 193-194.
Ernst A. Breisach, American Progressive
History: An Experiment in Modernization, in Clio 1995 24(2):
227-228.
Fred Hobson, Mencken: A Life
(1994), in American Historical Review 1995 100(4): 1313-1314.
Philip J. Ethington, The Public City:
The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco, 1850-1900
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