Why do democracies sometimes fight long, politically divisive wars that end poorly? Professor Philip Arena argues that electoral accountability, induced by party competition, sometimes promote this and other tragic outcomes. Electronic copies of Arena's paper are available from Scott Wolford, swolford@austin.utexas.edu.
Arena analyzes a bargaining model in which one state is conceived of as a unitary actor while the other consists of a government and an opposition that is motivated both by electoral ambition and concern for the national interest.