THE RECORD

MARCH 17, 1975

VOL. 1, NO. 4

LYNDON B. JOHNSON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

EDITOR Hoyt H. Purvis

DR. TOLO APPOINTED ASSOCIATE DEAN

Professor Kenneth Tolo has been appointed as Associate Dean of the LBJ School. In making the announcement, Dean William B. Cannon said Tolo would also continue to be a member of the LBJ School faculty.

Tolo will have primary responsibility for both the external and internal aspects of the educational program of the School, and specifically for the two-year M.P.A. program, Dean Cannon said.

Professor Keith Arnold, who also serves as Associate Dean, will have responsibility in the area of general administration of the School, as well as in the development of the School's research activities and in the planning of a doctoral program. Arnold, like Tolo, continues as a regular faculty member at the LBJ School.

Dean Cannon said, "I am delighted that Ken Tolo has agreed to take on this assignment. It means a great deal to the School."

Tolo received his bachelor's degree from Concordia College in Minnesota, and has a M.A. and Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Nebraska, and a M.A. in public affairs (education policy) from the University of Minnesota. He also attended the Institute for Educational Management at the Harvard Business School.

Tolo joined the faculty of the LBJ School in 1972, after having taught at the Universities of Minnesota, Tennessee, and Nebraska.

As associate professor of public affairs, his teaching responsibilities include various portions of the research and management skills curriculum, such as statistical analysis; and coordinator of policy research projects, including Post-Secondary Education Planning in Texas, Vocational Education Planning in Texas, and Nuclear Power Planning.

In November 1974, he was co-leader of an educational study trip to the Soviet Union sponsored by the Institute for Educational Leadership. Tolo has also been a consultant on post-secondary education issues to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

He is a member of the University Council and the Faculty Senate at UT-Austin and chairman of the Student Selection and Fellowship Committee at the LBJ School. In 1973-74 he was chairman of the Faculty Recruitment Committee and a member of the Committee to Select the Dean of the LBJ School.

VISITING SPEAKERS SCHEDULED

There will be a full schedule of visiting speakers at the LBJ School in the coming weeks, beginning with the public lecture at 3 p.m. Monday by Professor Jean Gottman, Director, School of Geography, Oxford University (see page 2).

On Wednesday at 4 p.m., Dr. Seyom Brown, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, will speak to a schoolwide seminar on "New Concepts for United States Foreign Policy." Brown is the author of The Forces of Power: Constancy and Change in United States Foreign Policy from Truman to Johnson (1968) and New Forces in World Politics (1974).

Following the spring vacation, the speakers schedule includes:

April 2—Elmer Staats, Comptroller General of the United States, schoolwide seminar, 4 p.m.

April 9—Joe Califano, an attorney with the Washington law firm of Williams, Connally, and Califano, who served as President Johnson's chief advisor on policy matters, 4 p.m. schoolwide seminar.

April 21—Amos Jordan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 4 p.m. schoolwide seminar.

April 22—Ben Wattenberg, co-author of The Real Majority and political analyst and consultant, 12 noon brown-bag luncheon.

April 23—Peter Krogh, Dean, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 4 p.m. schoolwide seminar.

April 25—Robert C. Good, Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver.

April 30—Phillip S. Hughes, Assistant Comptroller General, who has been Director of the Office of Federal Elections, 4 p.m. schoolwide seminar.

Along with Sidney Weintraub, an assistant administrator of the U. S. Agency for International Development (AID), who spoke to a schoolwide seminar on March 5, Jordan, Krogh, Good, and Brown are visiting the school at the invitation of the Dean Rusk Chair Selection Committee. In addition to speaking to schoolwide seminars, they will also meet with individual classes and with faculty members.

"ON THE RECORD"

. A member of the Texas State Senate will speak at a brown-bag luncheon in the Student Lounge at noon on Tuesday April 1. Charles Schnabel Secretary of the Senate, is organizing the program, which will open a series of sessions designed to strengthen the interaction between the LBJ School and the Legislature.

. The current issue of Texas Architect, the magazine of the Texas Society of Architects, quotes extensively from Energy in Texas: Policy Alternatives, the LBJ School Policy Research Project report. The magazine refers to the work of the State Energy Policy Research Project, directed by Dr. Marlan Blissett, as "the most systematic of the new data sources" on energy policies at the state level.

. Robert J. Macdonald, associate director of the Office of Conferences and Training at the LBJ School, is co-author with Robert J. Huntley of an article in the 1975 Municipal Yearbook of the International City Management Association. The article is entitled, "Urban Managers: Organizational Preferences, Managerial Styles, and Social Policy Roles," and is based on data collected from more than 1,600 city managers responding to the 1974 Manager/CAO profile.

. Elizabeth Hall, Director of Student Affairs, has announced new hours for the Office of Student Affairs. The Office will be open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday mornings from 10-12 a.m. and each weekday afternoon from I to 5 p.m. "This is an effort to try to meet the student's needs," Hall said, "and these hours should make the Office more available to the students."

. An Independent Research Project by Jane Anne Hart, second-year student at the LBJ School, has been highly commended by Representative James E. (Jim) Nugent, Chairman of the Transportation Committee of the Texas House of Representatives. Hart's report on telephone utility regulation drew strong praise from Nugent, who called it "outstanding". Faculty supervisor for her project was Dr. Emmette Redford.

. Recent speakers in the student-sponsored brown-bag series have been Molly Ivins, co-editor of the Texas Observer, and James Fallows, an editor of the Washington Monthly. Ivins gave her views on the Texas Legislature and the Texas press, which with notable exceptions, she said, has been apathetic about coverage of public affairs. Fallows also focused on news coverage, saying that many newspapers have a "sterile notion of objectivity", reporting both sides of an issue without attempting to really inform or enlighten the public.

. Dr. G. M. Williams, Jr., assistant professor of public affairs, was the speaker at a Transportation Seminar sponsored by the College of Engineering of UT-Austin on March 10. Williams spoke on "Subsidized Highway Mayhem: Traffic Safety in a Transportation Policy Context."

. During the spring vacation, the LBJ School Library will be open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., March 24-27. On Friday March 28, the Library will be open from 9 a.m. to noon. The Library will be closed on March 29 and 30.

. The next issue of The Record will be published on April 7. Deadline for submission of items for that issue will be Wednesday April 2.

NEMEROVSKI STRESSES SERVICE OBLIGATION

"It is inexcusable for any public servant to forget the word 'servant' and the obligation to serve the public," Howard Nemerovski told a schoolwide seminar on March 12.

Nemerovski, active in civic and political affairs and a former member of the San Francisco Board of Education, said, "I don't use the term 'bureaucrat' in a derisive manner," noting that "there are many competent people in public service" and that more are needed—"even though too often there is little reward for competence, courage or imagination."

A White House Fellow under President Johnson and a consultant in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Nemerovski shared anecdotes and observations about government and politics with LBJ School students and faculty. Borrowing from Tom Wolfe and Mel Brooks, Nemerovski spoke on "Mau-Mauing for Fun and Profit or Fear as the Principal Means of Transportation."

He said government officials should be held accountable for their decisions and must avoid "the 'we know better than they' attitude".

Nemerovski foresees the increasing importance of "foot soldiers"—individuals who can be mobilized to actively support or protest against candidates or causes. He said this would particularly be true in locales where low campaign spending limitations would restrict expenditures for television, computerized mailings, and other costly campaign techniques.

NOTED GEOGRAPHER SPEAKS HERE MONDAY

Professor Jean Gottman, an eminent international scholar and French urban geographer, will speak Monday at 3 p.m. in the East Campus Lecture Hall at the LBJ School.

Gottman, who is Director of the School of Geography at Oxford University and a fellow of Hertford College, Oxford, will speak on "Megalopolitan Growth and the Human Condition."

Gottman is also Director of Studies at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Sorbonne) in Paris and has taught at several American Universities. He was research director for the Twentieth Century Fund in the Study on Megalopolis (1956-61). He was President of the World Society of Ekistics, formerly Chairman of the Commission on Regional Planning of the International Geographical Union, and the Committee on Urbanization of the European Cultural Foundation.

He is the author of numerous books and articles, including Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States, Virginia at Mid Century, Metropolis on the Move (with R. A. Harper), and The Significance of Territory.

Gottman's appearance is being sponsored by the LBJ School, along with the Department of Geography, the Public Lectures Committee, and the School of Architecture and Planning.

DR. DAVID TO ADVISE AT INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE

Dr. Henry David, professor of public affairs, will serve as a staff member of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis this summer. The Institute is located at Laxenburg, Austria.

The summer position will be Dr. David's fourth assignment with IIASA during the past year. He spent a month last year working on a longer-range development program at IIASA. This summer he will be advising the Director, Professor Howard Raiffa, on leave from Harvard, on a number of administrative, fiscal, and scientific matters.

IIASA is a private, international research organization performing applied research in systems analysis. The idea of a nongovernmental, East-West organization of this kind was first advocated by McGeorge Bundy, President of the Ford Foundation, and President Johnson played a key role in bringing it into being by pledging United States participation. Twelve national member organizations signed the founding charter in 1969. The National Academy of Sciences at the U.S. member organization and the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. represents the Soviet Union. The two organizations contribute the bulk of the IIASA's funding. It operates on a budget of $3.5-$4 million.

Currently the Institute has research programs in biomedical systems, computer systems, ecology/environment, urban and regional systems, industrial systems, water resources, and energy systems.

ANDERSON CONDUCTS SEMINAR IN ALASKA

Lynn F. Anderson, associate professor of public affairs and Director of the Office of Conferences and Training, conducted a seminar on financial management for Alaska municipal finance officers in Soldotna, Alaska February 20-21. The seminar was sponsored by the Alaska Municipal League and the Municipal Finance Officers' Association of Alaska. Anderson has been involved in various instructional capacities in educational programs for public financial officials throughout the country, and is the founding director of the Governmental Accounting and Finance Institute which has been held annually on the campus of UT-Austin for 20 years. The 21st Governmental Accounting and Finance Institute sponsored by the LBJ School's Office of Conferences and Training will be April 13-15.

In a related activity, Anderson is presently serving a four-year term on the National Council on Governmental Accounting. He is one of two academic appointees on the 20-member body which is composed primarily of public finance officials, professional auditors, and executives from federal, state, and local governments in the United States and Canada. This Council, established as a quasi-independent organization by the Executive Board of the Municipal Finance Officers Association of the U. S. and Canada, has responsibility for developing, promulgating, and interpreting principles of accounting, reporting, and related financial management activities for governmental units. It is the successor to the National Committee on Governmental Accounting whose earlier works constitute the present national standards in the field. Anderson is also a member of the Council's five-person Executive Committee.

SYMPOSIUM CONSIDERS WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT

A symposium on "Women in Government", organized by students at the LBJ School, was held at the School on March 7.

Keynote speaker for the day-long event was Diane Van Helden, program director, Governor's Office of Equal Employment Opportunity. Ms. Van Helden said women are still dealt with in a "sterotyped way" as employees and "we have a lot of work to do in improving the status of women."

She noted that only a small percentage of women are in high-paid state jobs, and that 95.2 percent of state employees earning over $25,000 annually are male. She said the state employee classification system is "sexist".

Van Helden said, "If we expect women to work, we have to provide for their needs. We need further research on this point."

"Something must be done about the limited amount of day care and concern for day care of children of working mothers," Van Helden said.

The keynote speech was followed by a panel discussion moderated by Melanie McCoy, LBJ School student. Panelists were Andrea Beatty, director of personnel, City of Austin; Susan Longley, administrative aide to Texas State Senator Bob Gammage; Jeannette Watson, director, Office of Early Childhood Development; Marion Winnig, Wisconsin State Parole Board, and Van Helden.

Afternoon workshops were led by Dagmar Hamilton and Beryl Radin of the LBJ School faculty, and Beatty, Winnig, Van Helden, and Jean Mather.

Also taking part in the program were students Peggy Wilson and Evelyn Ireland.

SCHOOL FINANCE PANEL ORGANIZED FOR NIE

The financing of elementary and secondary education was the subject of a panel discussion program organized by the LBJ School on March 6 for the National Council on Educational Research of the National Institute of Education (NIE).

The program, conducted at the invitation of the Council dealt with both national issues and with Texas problems and proposals.

Dr. Kenneth Tolo, associate professor of public affairs, and Dr. Allan S. Mandel, assistant professor of public affairs, served as moderators for the discussion. Dean William B. Cannon welcomed the participants.

Taking part in the program were Mr. Mark Yudof, professor of law, UT-Austin; Mr. Lynn Moak, assistant comptroller for planning and research, Office of the Comptroller, State of Texas; Dr. Arthur Wise, associate director for research, National Institute of Education; Dr. Jose Cardenas, executive director, Intercultural Development Research Association; Senator Oscar Mauzy, Chairman, Committee on Education, Texas Senate; and Dr. Richard Hooker, special assistant to the Governor for educational research and planning.

Dr. Charles A. LeMaistre, Chancellor, The University of Texas System, is a member of the National Council on Educational Research.

PLANNERS DISCUSS MANPOWER, EDUCATION

Manpower planners and vocational educational planners from the Golden Crescent Council of Governments, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Texoma Regional Planning Commission, and the Houston-Galveston Area Council met in Austin March 12 for a day-long workshop aimed at closing the gap between manpower and technical training programs in the state.

The meeting was organized and directed by a research task force from the LBJ School.

The workshop at the Thompson Center was sponsored jointly by the LBJ School and the Texas Department of Community Affairs (TDCA) in the Office of the Governor. TDCA, which contracted with the LBJ School to conduct a study of manpower and vocational education planning, is the state agency charged with administering manpower programs under a new federal law in non-metropolitan areas.

One of the most serious problems in meeting the needs of those seeking vocational or technical training, according to preliminary findings in the study, is identification of linkages or common points in both the manpower planning process and the vocational education planning process.

Planning, the study indicates, often takes place without adequate coordination of labor supply information and job demand data.

Improvements can be made, the study notes, in the early stages of planning to meet the education needs of the individual and the industrial needs of businesses who need a reliable source of skilled workers.

Much of the difficulty in meeting manpower needs, the study indicates, is a failure on the part of some secondary school systems and post-secondary institutions to construct programs to train students in fields of work currently in demand.

Where the emphasis in formal education has been college-oriented in recent years, educators have noted that this curriculum does not meet the interests and abilities of a large portion of students in Texas schools. Many prefer to follow vocational-technical courses that will prepare them for employment after high school graduation.

Task force members from the LBJ School indicate that improvements can be made in the early stages of planning to meet the educational needs of individuals and the industrial needs of businesses which need a reliable source of skilled workers.

By bringing planners, elected officials, educators, members of industry and members of manpower and vocational education advisory councils, the task force is attempting to identify barriers to effective coordination of planning processes, and to forge the linkages necessary to bring about that coordination.

Faculty coordinators for the project are Professors Kenneth Tolo, Anthony Neidhart, and Henry David. Student members are Cis Myers, Kathy Love, Debby Langford and Barb Parness.

Speakers at the workshop were: Fred Smith, regional manpower development specialist, Department of Labor; Ed Henderson, deputy assistant regional director for manpower, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; John Guemple, assistant deputy commissioner for administrative services, Texas Education Agency; and Fred Buchanan, head, planning section, Manpower Services Division, Texas Department of Community Affairs. Also, Mitchell Ammons, director of occupational education, Wharton County Junior College; A. C. McGinnis, liaison director, adult education, Fort Worth Independent School District; Larry Cruise, manpower planner, Texoma Regional Planning Commission; and Edwin Plowman, superintendent, Hallettsville Public Schools.

GEOTHERMAL STUDY INCLUDED IN REPORT

A report recently released by the Energy Crisis Committee of the Texas House of Representatives includes an excerpt from a report written by two LBJ School students, Dan Frederick and James Williamson, as part of their Independent Research Project on geothermal energy supervised by Dr. Marlan Blissett.

Purpose of the project was to determine how best to bring geothermal energy resources "on line" in a timely and orderly fashion. Specific aims of the project are to devise a legal definition for the state's geothermal energy resources (whether they constitute mineral, water, or unique resources), and to develop guidelines for regulating the production of geothermal energy in Texas. The project's final report is not yet completed, but the House Committee's report includes some of the preliminary findings.

The report states that "serious consideration" must be given to the issue of whether there is a legitimate regulatory role to be played by the State in the development of the Texas geothermal energy resources.

"The mere existence of a potentially valuable energy resource does not in itself justify State intervention. Any role played by the State with regard to geothermal energy development must be based upon a need to protect the interests of the people of Texas."

"Two such needs will not be provided for in the absence of State regulation. First, there is a need for the rapid and orderly development of the state's geothermal energy resources. Second, in the course of this development, there is a need to insure that the rights of all concerned parties are protected and that the environment suffers minimal negative impact."

The report recommends that, "The Legislature should insure that a proper regulatory framework exists before geothermal energy production begins and that appropriate sanctions are available for violations within this framework."

POLICY PROJECT PLANS CONFERENCE IN APRIL

A conference on "The Information and Referral Function and the Delivery of Human Services" will be held at the LBJ School April 24-25.

The conference is being organized in conjunction with a policy research project at the School studying the function of information and referral practices (I&R) in the delivery of human services. Purpose of the conference is to present preliminary findings of the policy project and to discuss various approaches to the I&R function.

Members of the project team have attempted to explore the implications of information and referral delivery for future policy. Variations in program design, local conditions, and diverse populations seem to indicate that a uniform national policy in this area is not possible. On the other hand, if responsibility for developing linkages between cash and services is delegated completely to the community level, federal programs may have limited impact in reaching otherwise unserved citizens.

The keynote address will be delivered by Representative Lane Denton, Chairman, Texas House Social Services Committee. Also appearing on the program will be Raymond Vowell, Commissioner, Texas Department of Public Welfare. 0ther participants will be announced prior to the conference. LBJ School faculty members who are directing the faculty-student project are Professors Jurgen Schmandt, Beryl Radin, and Vic Bach.

Six workshops will consider various aspects of the subject. Under the general heading "Information and Referral: Policy Expectations and Realities", there will be workshops on:

. The Role of Federal Policy.

. What Can A State Do?

. Local and, Regional I&R Responses.

A second general heading will be "The Delivery of Information and Referral in the Community" with workshops on:

. Relationships Among Service Providers.

. The Nature of I&R Delivery.

. I&R Services for the Elderly Poor.

REPORT SUBMITTED ON COMMITTEE STRUCTURE

The LBJ School Committee on Committees submitted its report and recommendations on the committee structure for the School to Dean William B. Cannon on March 11.

Highlights of the recommendations include:

. Committees are advisory to the Dean and are either "standing" or "ad hoc". Standing committees are chartered or dissolved by the Dean and have a formal charter while ad hoc committees are appointed by the Dean for specific tasks.

. Faculty members of all committees are appointed by the Dean for one-year terms, which may be consecutive. Student committee members are elected by the class members for one-year terms.

. Student participation on committees varies with the function. Most School committees deal with institutional policy and governance and will have at least two student members but less than a majority. Occasionally committees dealing principally with student services and activities may be comprised of a majority of students. A committee responsible for faculty affairs may include only faculty in its membership.

In addition to charters for each committee, the Committee made recommendations which will serve as a guide to the Dean as to size and ratio of faculty and student membership. The committees and their recommended ration are:

Faculty Recruitment—five faculty; two second-year students.

Student Admissions and Financial Assistance—five faculty; two students (one from each class); and the Director of Student Affairs (ex officio) as executive secretary.

Internship—four faculty; four students (two from each class); and the Director of Student Affairs (ex officio) as executive secretary.

Placement—three faculty; three students (two second-year, one first-year); and the Director of Student Affairs (ex officio) as executive secretary.

Speakers—chaired by the Dean; three faculty; four students (two from each class).

Library and Publications—three faculty; two students (one from each class); Librarian and Director of Publications, ex officio.

Steering Committee for School Assemblies—chaired by the Dean; the Associate Dean; and two elected representatives from each class.

The Committee on Committees was composed of Professors Keith Arnold, Dagmar Hamilton, Emmette Redford, Gerard Rohlich, Kenneth Tolo, G. M. Williams, Jr., and students James Williamson, Evelyn Ireland, and Mark Hendrickson.

The Committee also recommended that upon completion of its assigned tasks the current ad hoc Curriculum Committee be succeeded by a standing committee on educational policy.

WEINTRAUB ANALYZES U.S. AID POLICIES

Relations between the United States and less-developed countries were analyzed by Dr. Sidney Weintraub, an assistant administrator of the U. S. Agency for International Development (AID) at a schoolwide seminar on March 5. Weintraub is executive director of the new Development Coordination Committee, which will examine all U. S. policies and programs which have a bearing on the development of low-income countries and report annually to the President.

Weintraub predicted a "continued and possibly heightened confrontation" between richer and poorer nations and a corresponding increase in confrontational rhetoric. He said, however, that it is important to look beyond the rhetoric and examine actual policies and the interests of the U. S. in less-developed countries and vice versa.

He said United States policy toward and interests in less-developed countires (LDCs) is based on

. gaining access to commodities such as oil, bauxite, and chromite.

. finding outlets for our exports.

. the stability of the countries involved.

. our view of ourselves and our place in the world.

On the other hand, he said the interest of the less-developed countries in the United States is based on

. receiving aid, including food, from the U S.

. finding a market for their exports (the more developed of the LDCs).

. getting U. S. investment on their own terms.

. political support (in some cases).

Weintraub said he expected the trends of declining aid and declining commodity prices to continue. He also expects a number of efforts at commodity groupings, based on the OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) example.

The effect of recession "makes it probably harder now than ever before" to obtain support for aid in this country and in Congress, and he noted that this is simultaneous with the development of serious problems in the poorer countries.

Weintraub noted that the decision by Congress to mandate that not more than 30 percent of aid should go to countries not on the United Nations "most needy list" has resulted in an actual increase in aid because the Administration wants to continue aid to other nations for political reasons. He said that he thought that aid programs could no longer be sold to Congress or the public on the basis of "anti-communism."

WOMENS' GROUP FORMED

Staff members Mary Ward and Gwen Wells have organized an informal feminist group whose main objective at present is to inform themselves of the various womens' groups in Austin and their undertakings.

Ms. Wells stated that many women in Austin are interested in participating in such groups, but have been isolated in the past. "Our function now is to inform these women of what the various groups are involved in—to help find the group to which they belong. Possibly in the future we will form our own organization" she said.

The last meeting was attended by approximately 15 women who heard Barbara Duke, Vice President of the National Organization of Women, speak. The next meeting will be held Thursday, March 20 at 5:30 p.m. in the Austin Women's Center (24th and San Gabriel Sts.). A spokeswoman from the Austin Women's Center will answer questions on their organization. Faculty, students, and staff are invited to attend.

ERVIN STRESSES "INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM"

A crowd which overflowed the LBJ Auditorium and spread into adjacent rooms for closed-circuit television viewing heard former Senator Sam J. Ervin Jr., speak on the importance of individual freedom which he called "earth's most precious value."

Ervin spoke to the crowd estimated at almost 2,000 persons on March 3 as part of the Distinguished Lecturer Series sponsored by the Lyndon B. Johnson Library and the LBJ School. Earlier in the day he held a press conference and answered questions at a session with LBJ School faculty and students.

The former North Carolina Senator responded to numerous questions about his experience as Chairman of the Senate Select Committee to Investigate 1972 Presidential Campaign Activities (the Watergate Committee). He said events associated with the Watergate investigation and President Nixon's resignation showed that "the system does work." However, he said, "part of the system worked a little too well. —President Ford's pardon of Nixon and particularly its timing was a grave mistake, although there is no doubt of his power to pardon."

He praised the role of the press in investigating Watergate and called it "the most magnificent example I know of the reason for having the First Amendment."

Ervin displayed his famous wit as well as his great familiarity with poetry, the Bible and the Constitution in answering questions about current events and his Senate experience.

Here are excerpts from Senator Ervin's address, which was entitled, "Our Heritage—A Blessing and an Obligation."

During recent years, the conflict between tyranny and freedom has intensified; and freedom is suffering many defeats.

I will specify what I conceive to be a few of them. In so doing, I will undoubtedly offend powerful special interest groups which are not averse to destroying the freedom of others to achieve their special objectives.

I realize, moreover, that many sincere persons having no axes to grind may disagree with some of my specific observations. I freely accord to them their freedom to differ with me.

By concentrating ever-expanding power in itself, the federal government is substantially robbing the states and their political subdivisions of their right to regulate local and personal activities within their borders, and individuals of their freedom to contract with respect to their commercial and personal affairs and their private property.

By collecting and storing personal data concerning individuals for which it has no legitimate need, by placing under covert and overt surveillance individuals who dissent from its policies, and by branding the members of organizations obnoxious to it as intellectually or politically dangerous to the established order, the federal government is invading the privacy of individuals, and discouraging them to exercise their First Amendment rights to freedom of thought, speech, and the press, and their First Amendment right to freedom of association, and their First Amendment rights peaceably to assemble and to petition government for redress of grievances.

By extravagent expenditures for domestic and foreign programs past numbering financed in part by exorbitant taxes and in part by unprincipled deficit financing, the federal government is confiscating an inordinate proportion of the fruits of the labors of the people, destroying the value of their past savings and the purchasing power of the earnings it permits them to retain, and mortgaging their economic future and that of their children.

By adopting "no-knock" laws and claiming for the President as in inherent power the authority denied him by the Fourth Amendment, the federal government is subjecting the persons, houses, papers, and effects of the people to unreasonable searches and seizures.

By adopting a preventive detention law for the District of Columbia, the federal government is denying persons, allegedly committing non-capital crimes in the District a right the people of the United States have enjoyed since 1789, i.e., the right to release on bail pending trial, and imprisoning them merely because a judge fears they may commit crimes in the future if they are released on bail.

By sanctioning compulsory unionism, the Federal government is empowering unions in practical effect to compel those who labor to become and remain members of unions as conditions of employment and to participate in strikes they deem unjust under pain of severe union-inflicted fines.

By denying children the right to attend their neighborhood school and requiring them to be bused to and fro to mix them racially in schools in undefined proportions pleasing to bureaucrats and judges, the federal government is making children of all races the hapless and helpless pawns of bureaucratic and judicial tyranny.

By demanding that all Americans be taxed to support educational institutions maintained by churches to teach their religious beliefs, federal officials are imperiling the right of every American to be exempt from taxation to finance a violation of the Establishment and Freedom of Worship clauses of the First Amendment.

What I have been trying to say about freedom was much better expressed by one of its foremost champions, Rudyard Kipling, in his stirring poem entitled "The Old Issue." I quote his words:

"All we have of freedom, all we use or know

This our fathers bought for us long and long ago.

Ancient right unnoticed as the breath we draw

Leave to live by no man's leave, underneath the law.

Lance and torch and tumult, steel and grey-goose wing,

Wrenches it, inch and ell and all, slowly from the King.

Till our fathers' established, after bloody years,

How our King is one with us, first among his peers.

So they bought us freedom—not at little cost—

Wherefore must we watch the King, lest our gain be lost."

In closing, I assert that the freedom of the individual is earth's most precious value. If it is to endure in our land, we must renew our love for it, exercise eternal vigilance, return to fundamental principles, and make manifest our determination to guard and defend it, cost what it may.