THE RECORD

NOVEMBER 2,1976

NO. 30

LYNDON B. JOHNSON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

EDITOR Hoyt H. Purvis

CONFERENCE ON AMERICAS BEGINS ON NOVEMBER 10

A conference on Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas—the first conference organized in conjunction with the Distinguished Visiting Tom Slick Professorship in World Peace at the LBJ School—will open at 4 p.m. Wednesday, November 10 with an address by Helvi L. Sipila, assistant secretary general for social development and humanitarian affairs of the United Nations.

Conference participants will represent a variety of viewpoints and will include social scientists, peace researchers, international affairs specialists, and present and past government officials from the United States, Europe, and Latin America.

A highlight of the conference will be a series of three "dialogues," to be held each evening in the LBJ Auditorium, with prominent participants debating major issues. On the opening night (Wednesday) at 8 p.m., William Colby, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and Jacques Chonchol, former agriculture minister under the late Salvador Allende, whose Chilean government was overthrown by the military in 1973, will discuss "Intervention and Violence in the Americas." The role of the CIA and possible U.S. involvement in undercutting the Allende government have, of course, been subjects of heated debate.

The conference is being organized under the direction of Professor Kenneth E. Boulding, who is serving as the first Slick Professor this year.

In describing the conference and its purpose, Professor Boulding said:

As the Americas stretch almost from pole to pole, so does this conference stretch across a polarized range of perceptions and attitudes, arousing deep commitments and emotions. Nobody's mind, probably, will be changed too much by it. No great problems will be solved by it. But I hope that some of the hopes which inspired Tom Slick to set up a Professorship of World Peace will be realized and that this conference will be one more step in that long process of human learning which leads to the creative management of conflict, and to the just order and the lively peace which follow.

The problems of the Americas are not very different from those of the whole world. But there is advantage in concentrating on a smaller area, with something of a common history as a New World. If the newness and the hope that went with it is now a little worn, there is at least a common remembrance of that hope, that could lead to a common resolve to move forward into a new hope of human betterment.

Boulding will take part in the final dialogue of the conference. On Friday, November 12, at 8 p.m. Boulding and Johan Galtung, professor, Chair in Conflict and Peace Research, University of Oslo, Norway, will discuss "Dependency and Interdependence as Determinants of Hemispheric Peace."

The Thursday night dialogue will feature Arnold Harberger, chairman of the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago and economic consultant to several Latin American governments, and Enrique V. Iglesias, executive secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, discussing “The Roots of Maldevelopment.”

Another member of the University of Chicago Economics faculty, Professor Milton Friedman, who recently won a Nobel prize for economics, has been strongly criticized for having served as an economic adviser to the current military government in Chile.

A further highlight of the conference will be a panel discussion on “Current Latin Americas-U.S. Policy Issues,” on Friday at 4: 30 p.m.

The panel will be moderated by Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor at the LBJ School, and the panelists will be

—Malcolm R. Barnebey, director, Office of Policy, Public Affairs, and Congressional Relations, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, U.S. Department of State.

—Juan P. Perez-Castillo, executive director for Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela, Inter-American Development Bank.

—Victor Urquidi, President, Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City, and a leading Latin American spokesman on development issues.

A group of LBJ School students will serve as rapporteurs for the conference. A complete conference schedule is on page 4.

Remember to vote November 2.

"On the Record"

. Acting Dean Jurgen Schmandt of the LBJ School participated in a recent radio discussion program on "Forecasting the Quality of Life for Future Older Americans." The program in the series, The Next 200 Years, was broadcast on KUT-FM and other stations. Participating with Schmandt were Dr. Guy Shuttlesworth, associate professor of social work, and Bert Kruger Smith, executive associate, Hogg Foundation for Mental Health.

. Kingsley E. Haynes, associate professor at the LBJ School who is on leave this year, presented an invited paper on an "Impact Assessment Model of Coastal Management Policies" at the NATO Scientific Conference on Environmental Assessment of SocioEconomic Systems in Istanbul, Turkey, in October. Haynes is currently directing the Resources and Environment Program of the Ford Foundation in the Middle East. In 1974–75 he directed a Policy Research Project at the LBJ School on Texas Coastal Zone Management Policy.

. Professor John Gronouski will be the speaker at a special election-day brown-bag luncheon in the Student Lounge on Tuesday at noon.

. The Pre-Session Legislative Conference is scheduled to be held at the LBJ School November 22-24. Plans are being developed through the School's Office of Conference and Training in cooperation with state officials. The conference will begin with new-member orientation on legislative rules and procedures. Subsequent sessions will deal with some of the major issues facing the 65th Legislature including such topics as professional malpractice risks; energy development and regulations; crime and criminal justice; and property taxation. Details on the conference program and schedule will be published in the next issue of The Record.

. Deadline for news items for the next issue of The Record will be Wednesday morning, November 10.

. Alumni, faculty, and staff of the LBJ School are invited to the next “Start-Off-The-Week-Right” gathering at Scholz’ Garten on Monday, November 8 from 5 to 7 p.m.

. The Placement Office has announced recruitment visits from Touche Ross and the U.S. General Accounting Office. A Touche Ross representative will visit the School December 1 and USGAO plans a visit on January 26-27. Alumni who wish to recruit for their offices may set up a visit through the Placement Office. Contact Wilda Campbell at (512) 471-4177.

. Representative Alan Steelman, Republican candidate for the United Senate, spoke at a brown-bag luncheon at the LBJ School on October 18.

BLUM PAPER VIEWS MANPOWER RESEARCH

The third in the LBJ School’s series of occasional papers, Government-Sponsored Manpower Research: Its History and Implications, by Albert A. Blum, has now been published.

The first part of Professor Blum’s paper deals with a general overview of manpower research and its implications and is based on a paper given at the IV International Industrial Relations Association Meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, in September.

The second part, dealing with institutional grants for manpower research, was prepared when Dr. Blum was executive secretary of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Department of Labor Manpower Research and Development.

Two former LBJ School students, James Thomassen and Jon Michaelson, were involved in developing some of the material contained in the paper.

In particular Blum focuses on the role of the Office of Manpower Research and Development (OMRD) and the subsequent impact of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA).

Blum draws some conclusions about the effectiveness of research and offers some suggestions for future programs.

Copies of the paper are available through the Office of Publications.

HAMILTON DISCUSSES WOMEN IN LAW

Dagmar Hamilton participated in a panel discussion on “The Current Status of Women in the Law” October 20, in the Dobie Center. The panel, which included four other women lawyers, was sponsored by the University Women’s Law Caucus, and included both law students and undergraduates.

Hamilton focused primarily on career possibilities for lawyers in public service types of jobs. She agreed with panelist Martha Smiley, assistant chief of the tax division in the Texas Attorney General’s Office, that opportunities for women lawyers and administrators were beginning to open up in Austin. Hamilton observed however, that the federal government was still ahead of the state on this score; and that a greater variety of opportunities exists in Washington for the woman who wishes to combine public service and law.

FRIEDMAN DISCUSSES POLITICS, POLICIES

Austin Mayor Jeff Friedman discussed city politics and policies at a brown-bag luncheon on October 19.

Friedman, who was elected mayor in April, 1975, reviewed developments since he has taken office and pointed to what he viewed as major accomplishments during that period.

Friedman said he had tried to bring more professionalism to city government in order to make policies more effective.

He said that through a process of reassignment, reallocation, and attrition, the city was getting more effective performance out of its employees without significant increases in administrative costs.

“We also unleashed some of the latent intelligence which existed in City Hall but was not being utilized,” Friedman said.

He said that the new police chief, Frank Dyson, was greatly improving “community-police relations,” which had previously been a problem.

Friedman said his policy of issuing tickets for misdemeanor drug possession “instead of spending time and money on arrests and booking" had enabled police to concentrate on "high-intensity crime."

As he has frequently done, Friedman pointed to what he said was the "special problem" caused by the limited tax base in Austin.

We just don't have enough taxpayers. The state, the university, and, to a lesser extent, the churches have wiped out about 52 percent of the tax bases."

"This is one of the highest percentages of tax-exempt property of any city in the country. Both Lansing (Michigan) and Madison (Wisconsin) are smaller than Austin, and don't own their own electrical systems. They have more private sector tax."

"We need to do something to offset local taxpayers' burden in supplying services. We need a stable growth to help support the growing need—but not an expansionary growth, which would overburden the city's service capacity."

Friedman said that he supported a policy of annexing those areas adjacent to the city which are dependent on its services and amenities. We noted that a number of industrial areas which had previously been outside the city limits and paying no city taxes have now been included in the city and added to the tax rolls.

The mayor was introduced by second-year student John Hunt, who has served as an intern in the mayor's office.

SCIENCE & PUBLIC POLICY

BLISSETT REPORTS ON SCIENCE COURT

Dr. Marlan Blissett spoke at the LBJ School on October 20 on the proposed establishment of a Science Court.

Professor Blissett recently attended a three-day coloquium on the subject organized by the Department of Commerce and he reported on the results of that meeting.

The Science Court idea has been discussed for some time in an attempt to establish new institutional mechanisms for assessing social consequences of new scientific developments.

Blissett reported that at the colloquium various aspects of the proposal were discussed, including "experiments" that might be conducted to test its workings. Such cases might deal with important policy issues.

A proposed structure for the Court would involve creation of a Science Court Administration which would determine issues and administer funding. A panel of impartial judges would be constituted and case managers would represent each side of the issue.

Among questions to be resolved are a host institution and a funding institution—probably a federal agency—for the Court experiment.

Blissett outlined possible procedures for the Court as well as some of the objections and concerns which have been raised.

A variety of possible subjects for consideration by the Court have been suggested. The Task Force of the Presidential Advisory Group on Anticipated Advances in Science and Technology cited as possible questions: Should fluorocarbons be banned because of their impact on the ozone layer? Is Red Dye No. 40 safer than Red Dye No. 2? Should water supplies be fluoridated?

The Task Force stated, "Later it is hoped that a developed Science Court will be able to contribute to the making of public policy even on as divisive and pervasive an issue as nuclear power."

Blissett said guidelines for selection of issues for the experiments would be these criteria:

. Issues must be relevant to policy and must have technical components that are both important and apparently disputed.

. Issues allowing easy separability of facts from values will be favored.

. They must be issues for which informed and credible case managers can be obtained.

Blissett noted that Russell Train, administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, had proposed somewhat different issues for consideration, including the problems of extrapolating carcinogenic data from animals to man and the effect of carbon dioxide and particulate matter on climate.

DAVID ON PANEL ON SCIENCE POLICY

What importance does government assign to science policies in the United States? Who should decide the course those policies will take?

Those are among questions to be explored by a panel of University of Texas scientists on "The Next 200 Years," a weekly radio program of the University.

Recent legislation creating a Presidential science advisory office provides a "clearer statement about the responsibilities of the federal government for the scientific and technological enterprise of the United States," according to Professor Henry David of the LBJ School.

The importance of the office "is based on the fact that it is statutory in nature, not an expression of Presidential Executive Order," Dr. David explains.

"Science—its application, its use, its governance, its development, its pushing in all the government departments and throughout the country—has been given an additional push by this machinery," adds Dr. John A. Wheeler, professor of physics at UT Austin.

Dr. David and Dr. Wheeler will be joined by Dr. Eldon Sutton, UT Austin vice president for research and professor of zoology, to disucss the impact on science and national policy of the new Presidential science advisory office.

Although science has appeared to be out of administrative favor in the U.S. in recent years, Dr. Sutton believes its impact will be greater if it is recognized as an important part of our existence.

Recognizing the additional boost given to science and technology by enactment of the recent legislation, the panelists voice some concern for too much emphasis on the utilization and application of science research.

"Now that science has become a major budget area, what is this going to do to science itself?" Dr. Sutton asks. "Are we going to have to be much more concerned with whether our science has application?"

"It is certainly true that scientists are now much more aware of the ramifications—consequences—of new ideas, and concerned to see that they get looked into, than was a possibility, than was a fact, in earlier times," Dr. Wheeler replies.

While the legislation "casts the science adviser and the new office in the role of identifying for the White House the peculiar and particular relevance of the federal investment in R&D (research and development) to a structure of national goals," Dr. David says, "there won't be any surprises if the science, which is mission-oriented, produces only what it is intended to."

"The majestic accidents of science, which produce surprises, are the truly exciting things that happen," he emphasizes.

Using the nuclear fuel question as an example, Dr. Wheeler says "it's science of all things that is going to produce surprises that are going to have their impact all across the front. Everything in the world comes into this issue."

"The fact that science is mission-oriented," Dr. Sutton says, "does not in itself bother me excessively," noting that "we have made many discoveries while trying to solve some rather important problems. What does concern me is how the decisions will be made to support science.

"The investment in research and development should be a high-risk investment," Dr. David adds, "but the terms of reference in which resource allocation decisions are made would like to have it come out as a relatively safe investment."

Recognizing that no single apparatus can solve such complex scientific puzzles confronting society today as cancer or the energy shortage, the panelists agree that the impact of the new policy statement will be known not by an understanding of its intentions, but by what is worked out over a period of time.

The radio series, broadcast nationally, is co-produced by the UT Austin News and Information Service and KUT-FM (90.7 MHz), the University's public radio station. It can be heard on KUT at 6:30 p.m. Friday.

ARNOLD'S DUTIES INVOLVE HEAVY TRAVEL SCHEDULE

Associate Dean Keith Arnold's duties as President of the Society of American Foresters and as Assistant Vice President for Research of UT-Austin are keeping him on the move during the months of October and November.

Arnold began a period of intense activity with the national convention of the Society of American Foresters in New Orleans, October 1-7. He presided over the meeting, attended by 1,700 of the organization's 20,000 members.

On October 12-13, Arnold was in Boulder, Colorado, representing the University at the annual meeting of the University Consortium that operates the National Center for Atmospheric Research. On October 15 he was in Port Arthur as a member of the Texas Coastal and Marine Council as it reviewed the Coastal Zone Management Program and the Texas Water Plan.

During the following week, on October 20, Arnold gave the dedication address for the new Conservation and Forest Resources building at the University of Florida and was the recipient of an honorary "Doctor of Science " degree. Later that week he was in Lufkin, Texas, to speak at the annual meeting of the Texas Forestry Association.

On November 3 Arnold will be in Washington, D.C., reviewing the program of the Renewable Natural Resources Foundation. Following class on November 4 he will be in Denver as part of a joint meeting of the Natural Resources Law Section of the American Bar Association and the SAF Work Group on Natural Resources Law.

Next on Arnold's agenda will be a meeting of the Executive Committee of the SAF in Phoenix, November 8-10, and the Finance Committee and Governing Board in Washington, November 17-19.

Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas

SCHEDULE

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10

4:00 pm

OPENING GENERAL SESSION — LBJ Auditorium

Presiding: Jurgen Schmandt, Acting Dean LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin

Welcome: Lorene L. Rogers, President, The University of Texas at Austin

Introduction of Keynote Speaker: Elise Boulding, Professor of Sociology; and Project Director, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder

Keynote Address: Helvi L. Sipila, Assistant Secretary General for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations, New York

Rapporteur: Paul N. Smolen, Graduate Student, LBJ School

8:00 pm

DIALOGUE — LBJ Auditorium

Presiding: Richard N. Adams, Professor, Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin

INTERVENTION AND VIOLENCE IN THE AMERICAS

Jacques Chonchol, Adjunct Professor, University of Paris; Former Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Chile

William Colby, Former Director, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency

Rapporteurs: Naida B. Rayes and Rita Jo Seymour, Graduate Students, LBJ School

10:00 pm

End of Evening Session

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 11

9:00 am

PRESENTATION OF PAPERS — East Campus Lecture Hall

I. The Roots of Dis-development in the Southern Cone

Presenter: Hugh Holley, Economist, Bank of London and South America, Ltd., London, England

Discussant: Raimo Vayrynen, Research Fellow, Tampere Peace Research Institute, Tampere, Finland; Secretary-General, International Peace Research Association (IPRA)

Rapporteur: Cynthia L. Martin, Graduate Student, LBJ School

10: 30 am

II. Culture and Conflict in the Latin American Experience

Presenter: Marina Bandeira, Joint Secretary of the Pontifical Commission on Justice and Peace of Brazil; Member of the Board, Information Center on Justice and Non-Violence of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

Discussant: Richard Graham, Professor of History, The University of Texas at Austin

Rapporteur: Margaret Mary Malone, Graduate Student, Architecture Department, The University of Texas at Austin

12:00 pm

End of Morning Session

1:30 pm

III. A Formal Model of Dependencia Theory

Presenter: Bruce M. Russett, Professor of Political Science; Editor, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Yale University.

Discussant: Michael Conroy, Associate Professor of Economics; Co-Director, World Order Program, The University of Texas at Austin

Rapporteur: G. Stephen Stubbs, Graduate Student, LBJ School

3:00 pm

IV. The Image and Reality of Violence in Latin American History

Presenter: James F. Petras, Professor, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton

Discussant: Francis Beer, Professor of Political Science; Director, Conflict and Peace Studies Program, University of Colorado at Boulder

Rapporteur: Danny V. Carter, Graduate Student, LBJ School

4:30 pm

V. Women and Development in Latin America

Presenter: Ximena Bunster, Visiting Professor of Anthropology, University of Connecticut at Storrs; former Professor of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Chile, Santiago

Discussant: Betty Reardon, Director, School Program, Institute for World Order, New York

Rapporteur: Sarah Marie Smith, Graduate Student, LBJ School

6:00 pm

End of Afternoon Session

8:00 pm

DIALOGUE — LBJ Auditorium

Presiding: William P. Glade, Professor of Economics; Director, Institute of Latin American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin

THE ROOTS OF MALDEVELOPMENT

Arnold Harberger, Professor of Economics, University of Chicago

Enrique V. Iglesias, Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, Santiago, Chile

Rapporteurs: Pedro Olvera Luna and Herbert R. Rubenstein, Graduate Students, LBJ School

10:00 pm

End of Evening Session

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 12

9:00 am

PRESENTATION OF PAPERS — East Campus Lecture Hall

VI. Military Determinism in Latin America: Reflections and Self-Reflections

Presenter: Irving Louis Horowitz, Professor of Sociology and Political Science, Livingston College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

Discussant: Marvin Alisky, Professor of Political Science, Arizona State University at Tempe

Rapporteur: Kaveh Said Gharib, Graduate Student, Department of Government, The University of Texas at Austin

10:30 am

VII. Democracy as a Social Value in Latin America

Presenter: Enrique Dussel, Presidente, Comision de Estudios de Historia de la Iglesia en America Latina, Mexico City

Discussant: Brady Tyson, Professor of International Relations and Latin American Studies, School of International Service, American University, Washington, D.C.

Rapporteur: Stephen L. Morgan, Graduate Student, LBJ School

12:00 pm

End of Morning Session

1:30 pm

VIII. Contemporary Violence in Latin America

Presenter: Gonzalo Arroyo, Director, Study Group on Agriculture and Development in the Third World, University of Paris at Nanterre; Founder, Christian Socialist Party, Santiago, Chile

Discussant: Richard N. Sinkin, Assistant Professor of History, The University of Texas at Austin

Rapporteur: Scott S. Fleming, Graduate Student, LBJ School

3:00 pm

IX. Education and Social Structure in Latin America

Presenter: Ernesto Schiefelbein, Regional Employment Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean, International Labor Organization, Santiago, Chile

Discussant: Judith Torney, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle

Rapporteur: Jorge C. Garces, Graduate Student, LBJ School

4:30 pm

PANEL DISCUSSION: CURRENT LATIN AMERICAN-U.S. POLICY ISSUES

Moderator: Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor, LBJ School

Panelists:

Malcolm R. Barnebey, Director, Office of Policy, Public Affairs, and Congressional Relations, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C.

Robert Hormats, Deputy for International Economic Affairs, National Security Council, Washington, D.C.

Juan P. Perez-Castillo, Executive Director for Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago, and Venezuela, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.

Victor Urquidi, President, Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City

Rapporteur: Paul A. Edwards, Graduate Student, LBJ School

6:00 pm

End of Afternoon Session

8:00 pm

DIALOGUE — LBJ Auditorium

Presiding: Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor, LBJ School

DEPENDENCY AND INTERDEPENDENCE AS DETERMINANTS OF HEMISPHERIC PEACE

Kenneth E. Boulding, Distinguished Visiting Tom Slick Professor of World Peace, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs.

Johan Galtung, Professor, Chair in Conflict and Peace Research, University of Oslo, Norway

Rapporteurs: Marc F. Jacobson and Daniel P. Rabovsky, Graduate Students, LBJ School

10:00 pm

Conference Adjournment

HIGHTOWER OUTLINES PLANS FOR OBSERVER

Jim Hightower, who recently became co-editor of the Texas Observer and will be the magazine's editor beginning in January, discussed his plans for the Observer at a brown-bag luncheon on October 26.

Hightower said he hopes to expand the readership and coverage of the Observer. "It will focus on economics, politics, and government in Texas."

He said he hopes to bring the Observer "a renewed sense of excitement and a stronger sense of political purpose than it has had in recent years."

Hightower said that he has a "strong populist orientation" and this will be reflected in the magazine. He will be particularly concerned with examining corporate power and influence in the state.

Hightower said most of the Observer's current readers are "well-educated, politically active, and generally well-paid." He said he hoped to expand the Observer's readership by reaching family farmers, small business people, older persons, and workers, "We will have articles by and about them."

The Observer will shift to more of a magazine format under Hightower, and will include feature articles along with the emphasis on serious reporting of political and economic affairs.

Hightower said the daily press in Texas now does a better job in covering the Legislature than in previous years and thus the Observer will do more interpretive, analytical, and investigative reporting. "It could be described as a crusading inquiry," he said.

Hightower said he hopes to improve the quality of writing in the magazine and to provide coverage of all sections of the state. He also plans to create a special fund to support investigative efforts.