April, 1978

THE RECORD

No.51

LYNDON B. JOHNSON SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS,

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

EDITOR: Marilyn Duncan

DRINKING WATER CONFERENCE SCHEDULED FOR APRIL

The wide-ranging impacts of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act will be explored in an upcoming conference being sponsored by the LBJ School in cooperation with the Texas Department of Health.

The conference on Coping with the Safe Drinking Water Act will be held April 27-28 in the Joe C. Thompson Conference Center.

The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 was designed to protect the health of the nation's population from contaminated drinking water. The Act gives the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to set minimum quality standards for water intended for human consumption. On June 24, 1977, the Agency issued a set of standards which has legally defined a portion of Texas' water supply as unsuitable for drinking purposes.

This two-day Conference will address the financial, legal, social, political, and technological implications of the Safe Drinking Water Act for community water systems and highlight possible responses for systems not in compliance with the new standards. The Conference program has been designed to serve the needs of waterworks professionals and public officials.

Among the participants invited to address the conference are Arnold Kuzmack, Office of Water Supply, EPA, Washington, D.C.; Jacqueline Warren, counsel to the Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.; Carmen Guarino, Philadelphia Water Commissioner; and Abel Wolman, Professor of Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University.

Concurrent panel discussions will be centered around such topics as Finance: Finding Options; Revenue-Raising Capacity and Performance of Communities; The Dance of Implementation; and Nitrate and Fluoride Standards, among others. Panelists will represent a wide range of specializations, including law, toxicology, public works administration, and environmental engineering.

The conference is part of the Safe Drinking Water Policy Research Project of the LBJ School, under the direction of Professors David Eaton and Gerard Rohlich, and Mr. Barry Lovelace. The students in the project have prepared briefing papers to be distributed to conference participants.

The project has organized the program in cooperation with the School's Office of Conferences and Training. Funding has been provided in part through a grant from the Coordinating Board, under Title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965, and in part through registration fees.

Conference proceedings will be published and distributed by the LBJ Office of Publications.

WORLD PEACE OBSTACLES, OPPORTUNITIES EXPLORED AT SLICK COLLOQUIUM

The lack of international cooperation by nation states, the proliferating arms race, the growing pressures for a share of the world's resources, a generation of young people with little international-mindedness. . .those were among factors cited at the Tom Slick colloquium last month as hurdles on the road to world peace.

The colloquium, which was well attended, was held by the the LBJ School March 10 under auspices of the Distinguished Visiting Tom Slick Professorship of World Peace.

Major participants in the colloquium were Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish Nobel Laureate, and his wife, Alva, a former Swedish ambassador and chief of the Swedish delegation to the disarmament conference in Geneva; Dean Rusk, U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson; and Dr. Davidson S.H.W. Nicol from the West African Republic of Sierra Leone, who is Undersecretary General of the United Nations and executive director of the UN’s Institute for Training and Research.

The Myrdals are teaching in the LBJ School this spring as co-holders of the Slick Professorship. Secretary Rusk was in residence during the week as the first appointee in the LBJ School's Richardson Fellows Program for Distinguished Public Officials. Dr. Nicol replaced a previously announced participant, Alejandro Orfila, Secretary General of the Organization of American States, who was unable to attend.

Dr. Nicol has been his country's permanent representative to the United Nations since 1969. He holds doctoral degrees in philosophy and medicine, is a former president and vice chancellor of the University of Sierra Leone, was the Sierra Leone ambassador to the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark and Norway, and at one point in his career was the senior pathologist for the Sierra Leone government.

In addition, he is a writer and poet and a past recipient of the Margaret Wrong Prize and Medal for African Literature. He has also authored several political works—Africa: A Subjective View; The Dawn of Nationalism in Modern Africa; and New and Modern Roles for the Empire and Commonwealth.

The morning session, featuring conversations between Gunnar Myrdal and Dean Rusk, was opened by LBJ School Dean Elspeth Rostow. In introducing the participants, Dean Rostow traced the similarities and differences in their respective careers. She observed that their opposite points of reference—Secretary Rusk as an insider to the U.S. scene and Dr. Myrdal as a "highly sympathetic critic of American life from the outside"—were balanced by their similar practical approaches to peacemaking, characterized by a commitment to working toward solutions.

Gunnar Myrdal faulted the "pettiness of national states" for the gross failure to arrive at international cooperation on crucial issues such as the nuclear arms race, the energy crisis, pollution and worldwide stagflation depression, among others. Although he said communication and transportation are disseminating international cultures rapidly (from hair styles and dress to attitudes about divorce and drugs), he warned against "a natural but superficial impression that our world is becoming internationalized."

Even in the face of international cultural integration, Dr. Myrdal said, many national traits remain unchanged. Indeed, he went on, nation states are becoming more solidified, integrated and introverted—making international cooperation more difficult.

Within international organizations which have been formed to tackle global issues, national delegations have tended to increase their power over the secretariats, he said. Representatives of national states, he said, "too often do not find it possible to agree upon concrete measures of practical international cooperation."

"As a group, such representatives tend to be prepared to lose the common pound sterling by insisting on protecting their penny."

Dr. Myrdal observed that because of such developments, "the work in intergovernmental organizations remains issue-less." He labeled peace organizations as the weakest of all.

He did note, however, that in several specialized fields some intergovernmental organizations do function effectively, among them the Postal Union and the International Telecommunication Union.

For the most part. Dr. Myrdal said, the modern national state is a "heavy-going vessel," which is subjected to strong forces that turn its people's interests inwards, to the extent of making them irrationally nationalistic." Such pressures may range from the growth of a nation's public sector to powerful special interests such as transnational corporations which try to exert influence on state policies.

"The experience of this," Dr. Myrdal pointed out, "is what absorbs and fills the public life in a national state. It tends to turn people's interests inwards. . .creating a sort of national autism, to use a term borrowed from abnormal child psychology."

He added that "endeavors for international cooperation have no backing of interests in the national state" because "international strivings do not touch what is experienced as real and practical interests of ordinary people.

The Swedish scholar stated that "when realistic study leads us to a gloomy view, that should not, however, permit us to take a defeatist attitude." Each person must work to turn the "disastrous trends," he said, noting that whenever one outstanding international problem can be brought nearer solution, it can help change a viscious circle into a virtuous circle.

"If, for example, we succeeded in stopping the arms race and militarization of the world," he said, "this would. . . save and release enormous financial resources that would make all other problems. . .easier to solve."

Secretary Rusk pointed out that attempts to organize a durable peace had encountered two special problems since World War II:

—The development of nuclear weapons.

—The increased pressures of people and their expectations or needs upon the world's resources.

That "mushroom cloud at Alamogordo" transformed the nature of the peace problem, Mr. Rusk declared, observing that nuclear weapons are "not just other pieces of artillery." He added that "with those thousands of megatons that are lying around in the hands of frail human beings," peace is "now a harsh necessity" that can no longer be treated as an abstract ideal.

Regarding the pressure for resources, Mr. Rusk said the world has been supposing "that science and technology and good luck or something will make it possible for us to find our minimum requirements." He added, however, that "somewhere along the way. . .1985, 1990. . .that hope and prospect may begin to wither away."

"It may be," he continued, "that one of the oldest causes of war in human history—the demand and search for resources—will be revived in a modem world of nuclear power."

Mr. Rusk struck an optimistic appraisal of people in a democracy, saying he did not believe they wished to "grasp the power of the sun itself to burn themselves off the globe," but he added, "I don't think we're being called upon for our best."

He told the students in the audience they may have "to put together thousands upon thousands of smaller things" in the future quest for peace. "These threads that bind peace together," he said, "range from the courtesy and hospitality and cooperation we extend to the foreign students on our campuses—225,000 of them this year—to the way we conduct ourselves when we ourselves go abroad."

With efforts such as trade and cultural exchange between nations, Mr. Rusk declared, the structure of peace can be built brick by brick, "but there's a race for time."

"The problem is whether we can let this slowly building structure of peace take hold in time to lay a restraint upon the politics of governments at the point where it is most deadly."

The afternoon session of the colloquium was opened by Dr. William S. Livingston, UT Professor of Government and chairman of the Tom Slick Committee. Dr. Livingston described the careers and accomplishments of the afternoon conversationalists, Ambassador Alva Myrdal and Davidson Nicol, noting that both have impressive credentials in the areas of diplomacy and peace research.

Ambassador Myrdal, with a pronouncement that "we are definitely not on the road to a peaceful world," expressed a fear that the world is moving into an era of "new barbarism."

"Never before has the world seen such a giant buildup of military arsenals," she said, "such a hypnotic fixation on the military side of budgets, such a skyrocketing in the export of arms, so many national regimes led by military dictators or juntas."

The world's military expenditures have now risen to more than a billion dollars a day, she said, "which means money and brains taken away from development tasks."

Like her husband, Mrs. Myrdal voiced regret that the growing interdependence among nations is not being used as an opportunity to organize international cooperation. She listed three areas in which the arms race has placed the international community at a decisive crossroads:

—The escalation of the qualitative arms race.

—The growing menace of nuclear weapons proliferation.

—The mounting volume of arms transfers.

The U.S. and the Soviet Union have long since reached a level in the arms race of mutual deterrence, she said, but what is alarming now is "the remorseless competition to change the qualitative characteristics of weapons."

Appetites grow, she said, for even more highly sophisticated "kill-effective weapons." She observed that the neutron bomb, with its capacity to kill human beings by radiation while saving buildings and tanks from excessive blast, "is a novel nightmare for the peoples of Europe, as they are the ones slated to provide the battlefield for any superpower exchange of blows."

A former nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize, Mrs. Myrdal said: "Agreements should be the order of the day for stopping this qualitative arms race. They are, however, not on the agenda. . . ." She expressed concern about the increasing number of so-called "threshold" countries which are able to obtain capabilities for nuclear weapon production on the basis of their expanding nuclear energy industry. She also decried the stepping up of arms exports as one of the major factors in the general militarization of the world. "The value of world arms trade has risen from a few billion dollars to 20 billion or more annually," she delcared.

Military capacities, including sophisticated weaponry, are being transferred in staggering quantities to countries in the third world, she noted, adding that the power of dictators and oppressors is "clearly related to the procurement of arms, which is often a direct result of military aid."

"The flow of arms," Mrs. Myrdal stated, "makes it ever easier for the few, be it the regular forces or rebels, to dominate the many. In sum: more weapons, more violence—everywhere."

Dr. Nicol, bringing perspectives of the third world, blamed part of the rise of nationalism and the weakening influence of international peace-keeping bodies on the fact that sufficient attention has not been given to "making young people 'international'."

"If they have an international outlook," he said, "they have it because they have generated it themselves. . .As adults, we don't train them to look at other countries, to go to other countries. Our school textbooks and our college textbooks are nationalistic sometimes almost to the point of fascism."

He said factors that mitigate against peace in the third world are boundary disputes, the spread of arms sales, poverty, excessive population and the minor role of women.

Dr. Nicol said most conflicts about boundaries have arisen as a result of colonialism, when boundaries of colonial territories were set in an arbitrary manner, cutting across linguistically related communities. Yet, when independence came, "there was not enough time to adjust boundaries in a national manner." He predicted boundary disputes will continue in the third world for the rest of the century.

The African diplomat noted that although boundary commissions and peace-keeping forces set up by the UN are expensive, they are worth "every single million dollar."

He deplored the spread of arms sales to countries of the third world, for. he pointed out, they increase the danger of continuing military dictatorships and delay the resumption of democratic governments. Another danger comes, he warned, when third world countries which accidentally acquire great wealth through oil, gold and uranium gain the capability to buy arms. That, he said, can lead to the temptation of "military adventurism."

As for poverty. Dr. Nicol said it should be remembered that the poverty of underdeveloped countries—with their burdens of debt, famine and hunger—"are not due to laziness or genetic inferiority." He claimed there is a need to renegotiate or abandon some of the debts owed by underdeveloped countries, for often "they spend about one-half of their income paying back debts." Most of those debts, he said, can be wiped out "and these people given another chance to begin again without its being even noticed by some of the bigger countries."

Underscoring poverty as an obstacle to peace. Dr. Nicol added: "A hungry man or a hungry woman is a desperate person and will not mind fighting or struggling to death because there is no alternative."

The colloquium was closed with a summary of the program's major themes by Dr. Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor at the LBJ School.

Proceedings will be published and distributed by the School's Office of Publications.

(Derived from report by UT News and Information Services.)

'ON THE RECORD'

Dean Elspeth Rostow was the keynote speaker at the 30th Annual Conference of Southwest Foundations in Juarez, Mexico on April 6. Her address on "Issues of Growth in the Southwest" was directed to over 150 Foundation trustees and officers in attendance.

Professor Victor Arnold of the LBJ School also attended the conference as a workshop resource person.

* * * *

Chip Burgin, second-year LBJ student, will deliver a paper April 28 at the Annual Meeting of the Western Social Science Association in Denver, Colorado. The paper is based on an evaluation scheme which Mr. Burgin, DeAnn Friedholm, and Mitchell Goldstein have developed and proposed to the Texas Department of Human Resources for use in field testing its Family Independence Project. The work is part of the Welfare Reform PRP.

* * * *

Professor Lodis Rhodes is scheduled to present a paper at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Social Science Association in Houston, April 12-15. The paper will be on the topic, "Linking Policy Research to Policy Decisions."

Dr. Rhodes will also conduct a workshop and present a paper in April at the National Conference on Age and Employment, cosponsored by the Bankers' Life and Casualty Co. and Northeastern Illinois University Foundation in Chicago. The paper, "Social Security and Public Employee Pensions: Private Sector Implications," will be published as part of a book on the conference proceedings.

* * * *

Professor David Warner will give a paper on "Public vs. Private Organization of the Health Sector" at the American Society for Public Administration meetings in Phoenix, Arizona, on April 12.

* * * *

The Dean's Office will host a luncheon April 17 for Dr. Walter J. McCoy, Dean of the School of Public Affairs at Texas Southern University, to introduce him to our faculty and department heads.

Beginning in this issue, The Record will include a column by and about the Public Affairs Library, under the heading, "Library 'What's' Line." The column, written by Head Librarian Linda Thompson, will feature items of interest on acquisitions and available resources. "What's Line" artwork was produced by Elaine Sanchez, library assistant.

* * * *

Professor Jared Hazleton attended a conference on "Federal Impacts on the Economic Outlook for Cities" in Syracuse, New York, April 4-6, at the invitation of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The event was cosponsored by the Maxwell School of Public Affairs at Syracuse University and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

* * * *

The LBJ School and the UT Department of History now offer a jointly-listed course in public policy history, taught by LBJ Professor Albert Blum.

The course deals with the evolution of public policy in a given field which will vary from year to year. The emphasis this year is in the area of labor.

* * * *

Dean Elspeth Rostow gave the luncheon address April 4 at the Third International Petrochemical Conference held in San Antonio. She spoke to a group of over 1, 350 conference participants on the relations between the public and private sectors.

* * * *

Gregory Roberson, a 1977 graduate of the LBJ School, has been appointed by the Austin City Council to serve on a 15-member local Economic Development Task Force. Mr. Roberson, a Special Assistant/Project Director in U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen's Austin office, said the task force was established to identify areas in Austin eligible for special impact funding through the federal Economic Development Administration. An overall economic development plan for Austin will be produced by the committee.

* * * *

Professor Albert Blum chaired and gave a paper at a session of the Southwest Labor Studies Conference held in Berkeley, CA March 17-18. He was also reelected to the executive board of the Southwest Labor Studies Association during the conference meetings.

* * * *

Bryan Hamon, second-year LBJ student, will present a paper at the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Association Meeting April 16-19. The paper, which resulted from last year's Chicano Health Care PRP directed by Professor David Warner, is entitled, "E.P.S.D.T.: An Examination of Preventative Health Services in the Greater South Texas Cultural Basin."

SHORT COURSE ON HEALTH PLANNING SCHEDULED FOR APRIL-MAY

An intensive course on the use of quantitative methods in health planning will be held at the School April 8-May 6 under the directorship of Professor David Eaton.

The course is being offered in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Colombian Ministry of Public Health.

According to the program plan, the course will provide short-term advanced professional training for health planners in the use of location analysis and computer cartographies. The stated goal is to introduce the participants to the thinking patterns of practical people who use mathematics to assess health policy alternatives. The quantitative methods will be applied to problems drawn from recent field studies in Latin America.

Most classes will be held at the LBJ School, but some are scheduled for Washington, D.C., New York City, and

Reynosa, Mexico. In Washington, D.C., the group will meet with members and staff of the Pan-American Health Organization, the World Bank, the Agency for International Development (AID), Resources for the Future, and others.

Participants in the program will be the six Colombians involved in the AID-sponsored research conducted in South America in the summers of 1975-77. They include two physicians, one veterinarian, two sanitary engineers, and one systems analyst, all of whom will return to Colombia following completion of the course to apply the quantitative techniques to their respective fields of specialization.

RHODES RECEIVES MHMR AWARD

Dr. Lodis Rhodes received a Distinguished Service Award March 23 from the Austin-Travis County Mental Health-Mental Retardation Center for outstanding service during 1976 and 1977 as a member of the Center's Board of Trustees.

Dr. Rhodes' service to MHMR has included developing the plan for reorganizing the administrative structure of the Center; redesigning the personnel grievance procedure; initiating development of an Operations Manual, which was then compiled by LBJ student Kenneth Apfel during his Internship with MHMR; and drafting a charter agreement for the Center and its sponsoring bodies, the City of Austin, Travis County, and the Austin Independent School District.

STUDENT AWARDED FELLOWSHIP FOR FEI PROGRAM

Mary Kay Stack, a second-year student at the LBJ School, has been awarded a fellowship by the Federal Executive Institute Alumni Association to attend the FEI's Senior Executive Program.

The seven-week program, to be held in Charlottesville, Virginia, is designed to meet the varied educational development needs of senior executives in the federal government. FEI is selecting one or two graduate students on a competitive basis to attend each of the four seven-week sessions in fiscal year 1978 Ms. Stack has been selected to attend the third session, which will meet April 23-June 9.

FOUR STUDENTS PRESIDENTIAL INTERN FINALISTS

Four second-year students out of the school's eight nominees are among the first group of 250 in the nation chosen to participate in a new federal Internship program established by President Jimmy Carter. A fifth LBJ School student is one of fifty-five alternates for the program.

Known as the Presidential Management Intern Program, the new enterprise was created last August by a Presidential executive order. It is designed "to attract to Federal service men and women of exceptional management potential who have received special training in planning and managing public programs and policies."

Our four finalists are Kenneth S. Apfel, John L. Hall, Lee Solsbery, and Mary Kay Stack.

Bonnie I. Fisher is in the alternate pool.

Those tapped as interns will work full time for two years in developmental management positions in a wide variety of Federal agencies—from Washington headquarters to regional and field offices. At the completion of their internships, they will be eligible, if they desire, for regular civil service appointments without further competition.

The first 250 interns were drawn from a large national pool of forthcoming graduates of schools of public affairs or public administration. Up to 250 graduates will be accepted into the program each year.

The size of a public affairs school determines the number of nominations it can submit, said Dean Elspeth Rostow. The LBJ School was able to offer eight candidates.

More than fifty Federal agencies have expressed an interest in participating in the intern program, according to Dean Rostow.

Initially, the interests of an intern will be matched with the needs of at least three federal agencies, so the intern may have some choice of employment. However, if an intern prefers to work for some other Federal office, he is free to negotiate his own employment.

The intern program is being administered by the U.S. Civil Service Commission's Bureau of Intergovernmental Personnel Programs. The person who worked closely with President Carter in setting up the new program was Dr. Alan K. Campbell, current chairman of the Civil Service Commission. Dr. Campbell is former dean of the LBJ School at UT Austin and of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse.

Mr. Apfel earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology in 1970 from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a Master of Education degree in 1973 from Northeastern University. He formerly was director of veterans counseling at Boston's Newbury Junior College. As a 1977 summer intern, he was an administrative assistant in a community mental health center in Austin.

Mr. Hall received a Bachelor of Arts degree in government from Sam Houston State University in 1975. He was an LBJ School intern last summer in the policy planning division of the mayor's office in Houston. During 1976-77, he held one of the six fellowships in the nation given by the American Political Science Association.

Mr. Solsbery is a 1976 graduate of Brown University, where he majored in public policy-making. Prior to coming to the LBJ School, he was an intern in the Rhode Island Governor's Office of Human Services Management. He also has held internships in the Texas Office of State-Federal Relations and with the policy planning division of the mayor's office in Houston.

Ms. Stack holds two degrees in political science—B.A. from the University of Delaware in 1973, and M.A. from the University of North Carolina in 1975. A member of Phi Beta Kappa, she has done legislative research for the Texas Senate Committee on Human Resources and was a 1977 summer intern in the Congressional Budget Office.

Ms. Fisher, the alternate, earned a B.A. degree in anthropology in 1968 from the University of California, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. As an LBJ intern last summer, she worked as a planning assistant in the Texas Department of Human Resources. She also has had experience as a social worker in Marin and Sacramento Counties in California.

(Derived from report by U.T. News and Information Service.)

COMMENT VIEWS CONSTITUTIONAL REVISION DEFEAT

The February issue of Public Affairs Comment, the School's quarterly publication, is devoted to an examination of the underlying reasons for the defeat of the proposed state constitutional revisions in 1975.

The article was written by John E. Bebout, former director of the Urban Studies Center at Rutgers University and for several years an associate of the Institute for Urban Studies at the University of Houston and the Southwest Center for Urban Research in Houston.

According to Dr. Bebout, the overwhelming rejection of the proposed constitutional amendments in 1975—despite its apparent incongruity with the 1972 election indicating strong public support for revision—was less contradictory than it appears on the surface. He notes that a much larger group of voters appeared at the polls in 1972 than in 1975, and rejection could possibly have represented a minority opinion. The low turnout in the later election is attributed in part to the fact that it was a special election, which typically attracts few voters in comparison to multi-issued general elections.

Bebout adds to this predictable low interest factor the widespread lack of public understanding of the amendments, demonstrated through several statistical surveys. Given these factors, he emphasizes that voter apathy can only be overcome through active campaigning by proponents of an issue, and notes that this energy was conspicuously lacking in 1975. He goes on to suggest that this was due in part to the fact that an already overburdened State Legislature served as constitutional convention and could not campaign sufficiently for acceptance of their proposals.

In assessing the future prospects of constitutional revision in Texas, Bebout writes: "When Texas does get a new constitution, it will be partly because many people who worked and voted against the 1975 revision have been persuaded that the new one is worth working for."

ALUMNI FORUM

As your income rises above $ 16,000, if single, or $24,000, if married, you may be interested in learning more about regular, predictable income that is free of taxes. Or if you are a person who has never owned securities and wants to invest conservatively and enjoy a reasonable return, you will find the second "occasional seminar" sponsored by the LBJ School Alumni Association to be of interest to you.

The theme of this seminar is municipal finance, and one of the issues to be discussed is the purchase of bonds as a personal investment.

Another issue to be discussed is municipal debt, which should be of interest to local alumni voting next fall in a general government bond election for the Capitol Improvements Program.

Mr. Daniel Burger of the Texas Municipal Advisory Council will be discussing with us such questions as: What is debt? What are the various kinds of bonds? What are the limitations on local debt in Texas? How is a city's capacity for debt evaluated? What are the new trends in municipal finance?

Mr. Monti Nitcholas, the Director of Finance for the City of Austin, will present Austin's financial situation as a case study. He will offer information on how Austin manages its debt, how it plans bond issues, and the status of its bond rating.

Ms. Cathy Lusk, who works with Southwest Associates, an investments consulting firm, will speak with us about municipal bonds as a personal investment. She will present facts concerning the safety, flexibility, and marketability of bonds.

The Alumni Association invites all alumni, their guests, and the students and faculty of the LBJ School to attend this seminar. It will take place on Wednesday evening, April 26, at 6:45 p.m. in the faculty lounge of the LBJ School.

At your convenience contact one of the board members of the Alumni Association or Wilda Campbell if you plan to attend. We look forward to seeing you.

--Malcolm MacDonald

ROSTOW ON PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Dean Elspeth Rostow has been appointed by President Jimmy Carter to serve a two-year term on the Advisory Commitee for Trade Negotiations.

The twenty-nine member body advises the President on matters of international trade. It works principally under the aegis of Ambassador Robert S. Strauss, Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, Executive Office of the President.

Dean Rostow is among eleven new members of the board, which is composed of persons representing a diversity of interests—business, labor, agriculture and academe, among others. In addition to Dean Rostow, new appointees range from Theodore Sorensen, New York attorney and Special Counsel to the President, 1961-64, to Joan Ganz Cooney of New York City, president of the Children's Television Workshop.

The group's next meeting is April 19 in Washington, D.C.

(UT News and Information Service)

24th GOVERNMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE INSTITUTE SCHEDULED FOR APRIL

The Twenty-Fourth Accounting and Finance Institute, sponsored annually by the LBJ School Office of Conferences and Training and the UT College of Business Administration, will be held April 17-18 in the Thompson Conference Center. The program is held in cooperation with the Texas Municipal Finance Officers Association and Texas Municipal League.

The Institute is a continuing education program designed to enhance the professional development of municipal financial executives and other city officials whose official responsibilities involve financial management. From time to time the program also includes pertinent topics of a non-financial nature, especially as these are related to the official duties of Texas municipal administrators. The institute is also open to, and regularly attended by, certified public accountants, private practitioners in the field of municipal finance, and individuals with a special interest in the subject presented.

This year's program will include addresses and workshops on a variety of topics related to accounting and finance in Texas. Among those scheduled to participate in the institute are Lynn M. Moak, Director of Research, Office of the Texas Lieutenant Governor, who will speak on the Impact of Recent School Finance Legislation on Municipal Finance and Taxation in Texas; Charley J. Wagner, Director of Finance, City of Kerrville, on Practical Computer Applications in Smaller Municipal Governments (workshop); Dickie Ingram, Assistant General Counsel, Texas Municipal League, and Jim McDonald, President, McDonald-Unimark, Inc. of Dallas, on Personal and Official Liability of the Municipal Finance Officer.

Professor Lynn F. Anderson, Director of the LBJ School's Office of Conferences and Training, will serve as moderator for a panel on Public Employee Retirement and Social Security: Current Developments, Problems, and Alternatives.

Registration for the institute will be held Sunday, April 16, 4:00-6:00 p.m. at the Villa Capri Hotel.

HEALTH SYSTEMS EXAMINED AT MARCH CONFERENCE

Issues related to the nature and role of emerging Health Systems Agencies (HSA's) were examined at a conference on Organizing for Health Planning held here March 9-10.

The conference, sponsored by the LBJ School, grew out of a current policy research project on health planning being conducted at the LBJ School for the Dallas region of the U.S. Public Health Service. Faculty project director David Warner also served as coordinator for the conference.

HSA's are regional health resources planning entities mandated by the National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974. Each agency is responsible for assessing the particular health care needs and services for its region, ranging from needs for additional hospital facilities and physicians to increased services to the elderly and better prenatal care programs.

Conference participants, a group comprised of members of state health planning agencies and other health-related organizations from across the country, were able to attend two of six workshops devoted to clarifying the role of HSA's and exploring alternative approaches to fulfilling the requirements of the national law.

Among the workshop panelists were Wood McCue, acting director of the American Health Planning Association; William Kopit, partner, Epstein and Becker, Counsel to the American Health Planning Association; Dr. Julian Knox of the British Department of Health and Social Security; Betty Himmelblau, Austin city council member and second vice chairman of the State Health Coordinating Council; T. Scott Bunton, staff director, Committee on Human Resources, National Governor's Association, Washington, D.C.; and Larry DePriest, director, Oklahoma HSA, Oklahoma City.

At the closing general session, students of the health planning policy research project presented summaries of the preceding day's workshops. The closing address was given by Floyd Norman, Regional Health Administrator of HEW in Dallas, who reported on this region's progress in health planning.

The conference proceedings are being edited by Dr. Warner and will be available for purchase through the LBJ Office of Publications this summer. Publication of the report resulting from the policy research project on health planning is also scheduled for the summer.

BROWN BAGS IN MARCH—A SUMMARY

Brown bag seminars held during March included the following discussions:

On March 7, Dr. Steven Piper, Director of Energy Analysis for the Alliance to Save Energy, discussed the structure and scope of ASE, which was established by Senators Humphrey and Percy. The organization is a loose alliance of industry and government representatives concerned with conservation issues. Among those he listed as members of the Alliance are Jacques Cousteau, Henry Ford, and George Meany, along with a large number of other representatives from environmental agencies, energy corporations, and industry.

On March 14, Visiting Professor Kent Mathewson discussed the concept of metropolitan regionalism and the organizations concerned with regional planning. Mr. Mathewson, who is president of the Detroit Metropolitan Fund, a private planning organization in Michigan, defined the metropolitan region as a constellation of political jurisdictions providing alternative working and shopping areas, as opposed to the traditional, single city unit with a self-contained economy. The dispersed nature of these clusters has created a need for cooperative planning on a larger scale than has been provided in the past. Mr. Mathewson emphasized that job opportunities at the regional level are expanding rapidly, and encouraged LBJ students to seriously consider this career area.

On March 15, students heard Dr. Robert Dean, former U.S. Ambassador to Peru, discuss the topic, "Investment Disputes: The Peruvian Revolutionary Experience." Dr. Dean noted that in many Latin American countries a division exists between the need for and the desire for foreign capital. The ideological concerns of these societies, he said, creates internal conflict—repugnance at the thought of dependency on the one hand and desire for capital on the other. Dr. Dean was of the opinion that in most instances, the desire for capital will outweigh ideological factors working against international cooperation (and for expropriation), and he cited several diplomatic cases in support of this argument. He also noted that diplomatic relations with Peru were, in his own experience, most successful when agreements could be reached on positive rather than negative bases.

On March 28, Dr. Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor at the LBJ School, offered his viewpoints on the tension in U.S.-Japanese trade relations. In his discussion he noted two common explanations of why Japan's export position is so strong: (1) the Japanese work hard, devoting much effort to analyzing foreign markets and anticipating consumer needs in applying trade plans, and (2) Japanese restrictionism toward imports and deliberate exporting are said by some to indicate a total merging of government and industry ("Japan, Inc."). Dr. Weintraub said the second argument is not completely true; that despite the fact that Japan is a highly restrictive society (and deliberately so), it is also a pluralistic society. More important than its overt restrictions on trade, he said, is Japan's formidable distribution system, with its many middlemen and resulting high prices.

Another important factor underlying Japan's export drive is its policy of permanent employment, which, as the growth rate has slowed, has led to a situation in which government subsidizing of early-retired and reduced-hour workers must be compensated for in increased exports. Dr. Weintraub said he felt that although the lifetime-employment system is conducive to worker loyalty and seems to offer economic stability in its ideal form, hard times will tend to break it down.

SEVEN CITY MANAGERS TO ATTEND LUNCHEON

On April 18, a luncheon will be held in the Dean's Conference Room for the city managers of Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Waco, Corpus Christi, and Groves. The city officials have been invited to the School to meet with faculty and department heads, to learn more about our program and facilities and to discuss ways in which the School can be of service to them.

Mr. Kent Mathewson, LBJ School Visiting Professor this semester and himself a former city manager, has served as facilitator for the meeting.

CONFERENCE TO EXAMINE THE FUTURE OF URBAN POLICY

A one-day conference on the future of urban policy has been scheduled for Friday, May 5th. Sponsored jointly by the LBJ School of Public Affairs and the UT Department of Community and Regional Planning, the conference is being organized by Professors Victor Bach (LBJ) and Marshall Kaplan (CRP) as an informal, but intensive examination of recent developments in federal urban policy.

Participants from outside the University will include Robert C. Embry, Jr. (HUD Assistant Secretary), Robert Wood (Former HUD Secretary and President, University of Massachusetts), and Richard P. Nathan (Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution). Invitations have been sent to other key officials and urban specialists, but the attempt is to limit the conference to modest size in order to facilitate interaction.

The conference is open to anyone who is interested. The morning session, beginning at 9:30 a.m. May 5th, will consist of a roundtable discussion among the invited participants and will be held in the Academic Center 4th floor. The afternoon session will feature a talk by Secretary Embry, followed by panel responses and questions or comments from the audience. This portion will be held at 2 p.m. in the East Campus Lecture Hall.

Further details can be obtained from Edwina Rawlins, LBJ School of Public Affairs, at 471-4962, extension 240.

LIBRARY "WHAT'S" LINE

What's What in Evaluation Research

The Library is currently subscribing to three periodicals which feature articles dealing exclusively with evaluative research. The most recent acquisition, Evaluation Quarterly, A Journal of Applied Social Research, is a Sage Publication with back issues dating from February 1977 to February 1978. The editorial policy of the journal encompasses articles that reflect a wide range of substantive issues, including child development, health, education, income security, manpower, mental health, criminal justice, and the physical and social environments. Each issue features three different types of manuscripts: (1) theoretical articles that make significant empirical contributions or that develop new research techniques in evaluation research; (2) articles that provide a rapid outlet for brief reports of research efforts and investigations in progress; and (3) articles that feature "craft reports" with a how-to-do-it flavor. Representative articles, in order, are "Evaluation Research: An Assessment of Theory, Practice, and Politics," by Peter H. Rossi and Sonia R. Wright (Vol. 1, No. 1; February 1977);

"Evaluation of a Home Health Aide Training Program for the Elderly," by Morgan Lyons and G. Alec Steele (Vol. 1, No. 4; November 1977); and "Attrition: Identification and Exploration in the National Follow Through Evaluation" by Robert G. St. Pierre and Elizabeth C. Proper (Vol. 2, No. 1; February 1978). The Library has purchased all back issues, and these are now available for general use.

Another journal to which the Library has initiated a subscription, but which is not yet being received, is Evaluation and Program Planning, an interdisciplinary quarterly slated for publication by Pergamon Press beginning in 1978. According to announcement brochures, the journal will cover a wide range of topics, including public health, organizational development, social service, personnel, and education, and will feature two distinct types of articles: (1) general reviews and critiques of instruments, approaches, strategies, and significant studies in the fields of evaluation and planning; and (2) specialized analyses of relevant fiscal, legal, and legislative issues. The basic concept of the journal is to explore the relationship between evaluation and planning of social programs conducted by government, industry, and the non-profit sector. Representative articles from the first issue include "The Impact of Public Law 93-641, the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act upon Mental Health Programming," by Sandra Hapenney; "Applications of Social Area Analysis to Program Planning and Evaluation," by F. DeWitt Kay, Jr.; and "The Development of Evaluation as a Profession: Current Status and Some Predictions," by Jonathan A. Morell and Eugenie W. Flaherty.

A third journal to which the Library has maintained a complimentary subscription since 1972 is Evaluation; a Forum for Human Service Decision-Makers, published by the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Inc., in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health Services Development Branch. Articles, by no means restricted to the subject of mental health, evaluate the delivery of human services from both theoretical and methodological viewpoints. Types of articles include: (1) case studies of particular problems in evaluation; (2) summaries of current research efforts in specific fields, with indications of developing trends; and (3) descriptions of evaluation systems or sub-systems employed at a given facility. Representative articles include "Translating Theory into Practice: Change Research at the Program Evaluation Resource Center," by Thomas J. Kiresuk, et al. (Vol. 4, 1977); "Political Relationships in Evaluation: the Case of the Experimental Schools," by Beryl A. Radin (Vol. 4, 1977); and "State Organization for Human Services," by Kathleen G. Heintz (Vol. 3, Nos. 1-2; 1976). People affiliated with publicly funded mental health organizations can be added to Evaluation's mailing list to receive future free issues.

The Library is also receiving several monographic sets which should be of interest to educators and practitioners of evaluation research. Sage Yearbooks in Politics and Public Policy regularly feature articles on evaluation in a public policy context. Thus far, four volumes have been published, with the following individual titles: Vol. I—What Government Does, edited by Matthew Holden, Jr. and Dennis Dresang (1975); Vol.II—Public Policy Evaluation, edited by Kenneth M. Dolbeare (1975); Vol.III—Public Policy Making in a Federal System, edited by Charles O. Jones and Robert D. Thomas (1976); and Vol. IV—Comparing Public Policies, New Concepts and Methods, by Douglas E. Ashford (1978).

Other important sources include Evaluation Studies Review Annual, first published by Sage Publications in 1976. Benefit-Cost and Policy Analysis; an Aldine Annual on Forecasting, Decision-Making, and Evaluation, issued by Aldine Publishing Company since 1972; the GAO Directory of Federal Program Evaluations, issued annually by the Comptroller General; and the Compendium of HEW Evaluation Studies, expected to be published annually by the HEW Evaluation Documentation Center.

Line Items

(1) The Library is now receiving The Washington Review of Strategic and International Studies, a foreign policy quarterly published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University, and Pensions and Investments, a weekly newspaper providing data on the pension fund money management field.

(2) The Library has requested mailing list status for all federal agency press releases; ones being received are listed in the periodical kardex under U.S. followed by the name of the agency.

(3) We are scheduled to receive micro-fische copies of foreign news and commentary monitored by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service and copies of foreign policy-oriented documents translated by the Joint Publications Research Service.

FIRST SLICK PUBLICATION RELEASED

The Office of Publications recently released the first of two volumes resulting from the 1976 conference on Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas sponsored by the LBJ School's Distinguished Tom Slick Professorship of World Peace.

Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas. Part I: Dialogues on the Central Issues was edited by Sidney Weintraub, Dean Rusk Professor at the LBJ School, and Norman V. Walbeck, Executive Director of the Consortium on Peace Research, Education and Development (COPRED) in St. Peter, Minnesota.

The central issues examined at the conference and in this volume are those surrounding the political and economic interrelationships between the U.S. and Latin America.

In the three "dialogues" recorded here, an effort is made by three pairs of international scholars and public figures to find reasons for the upheaval and maldevelopment undermining progress and human rights in many Latin American countries. The dialogists are: (1) Kenneth Boulding, Distinguished Visiting Tom Slick Professor of World Peace, 1976-77, and Johan Galtung, holder of the Chair in Conflict and Peace Research at the University of Oslo, Norway; (2) Jacques Chonchol, former Minister of Agriculture in the administration of President Salvador Allende of Chile, and William R. Colby, former Director of the CIA; and (3) Arnold Harberger, University of Chicago Professor of Economics, and Enrique V. Iglesias, Executive Secretary, U.N. Economic Commission for Latin America.

The book is available through the Office of Publications at a cost of $3.95. plus $1.00 postage & handling.

FOREIGN POLICY, DIPLOMACY, AND WORLD PEACE DISCUSSED BY DEAN RUSK

During his week at the LBJ School as Distinguished Visiting Richardson Fellow, former Secretary of State Dean Rusk shared his viewpoints and experiences with School and general audiences on several occasions.

In the School-wide lecture on March 6, Mr. Rusk provided a rare glimpse of the world of professional diplomacy. The talk based on his article, "The President" (Foreign Policy, 1960), centered on the respective roles of elected or appointed officials and professional diplomats in international policy-making. While public opinion seems to support the view, held by many Presidents, that substantive summit-level negotiations should be conducted by the President and Secretary of State, Rusk explained that professional negotiators disagree, as, though negotiations must be directed by Presidential decisions on policy, diplomacy is a profession requiring expertise which is acquired only through experience.

Mr. Rusk emphasized that the President of the United States works under "pressure of public expectation for negotiation" not experienced by other heads of state, nor by professional diplomats. Such pressure, he said, does not allow for the weeks and even months or years required for effective negotiation. He expressed confidence that a national policy would not place too much power in the hands of diplomats, as he has observed that "bureaucracy. . .is not a struggle for power (but rather an) avoidance of responsibility."

At the public lecture on March 8, Mr. Rusk spoke on the topic, "Getting What We Want in Foreign Policy." One of his primary concerns was that public perception of foreign affairs is inevitably obscured by news coverage of negative events. The "vast context of normality in world events"—the daily participation of the U.S. in international meetings of various topical interests—goes unperceived by the public because news media must necessarily be selective due to the bulk of world news items and the persistent lack of time. He emphasized that within this context of normality, most treaties are adhered to, most agreements are honored, and most international meetings go smoothly. Other major points made:

•the U.S. needs to continue to broaden the base of mutual interest with the Soviet Union in order to lessen the effects of our differences;

•the people's right to know must sometimes be overridden by public officials in dealing responsibly with sensitive international issues;

•the time required simply to carry on the vast system of government and keep it working is underestimated by the public, again due to the selectivity of the press.

Secretary Rusk completed his week as Richardson Fellow at the School as a participant in the Tom Slick Colloquium held on March 10 in the East Campus Lecture Hall. A summary of his remarks on the occasion appears on page 6.

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Date	Time	Place	Speaker/Event	Topic
April 11 Tuesday	12:00 noon	Student Lounge	Dr. Rodrigo Bustamente, Health Planner, Ministry of Public Health, Colombia	Problems of Planning to Alleviate Suffering
April 14 Friday	1:00 p.m.	Student Lounge	Dr. David Schilling, Professor, American University	Where Do You Put A Fire Station?
April 17 Monday	12:00 noon	Dean's Conference Room	Faculty Luncheon for Dean Walter J. McCoy
April 18 Tuesday	12:00 noon	Dean's Conference Room	Faculty Luncheon for City Managers
April 18 Tuesday	12:00 noon	Student Lounge	Alva Myrdal, Slick Professor of World Peace	Questions and Answers with Alva Myrdal
April 24 Monday	12:00 noon	Student Lounge	Gunnar Myrdal, Slick Professor of World Peace	Questions and Answers with Gunnar Myrdal
April 25 Tuesday	12:00 noon	Student Lounge	Bryan Hamon LBJ Student	Location of a Multi-Purpose Ambulance System in Colombia
April 26 Wednesday	6:45 p.m.	Faculty Lounge	Occasional Seminar LBJ School Alumni	Municipal Bonds
April 27-28 Thursday-Friday	-	Thompson Conference Center	Conference	Coping With the Safe Drinking Water Act
April 28 Friday	12:00 noon	Thompson Conference Center	Dr. AbelWolman, Professor, The Johns Hopkins University	The Future of Drinking Water Regulation in the U.S.
May 2 Tuesday	12:00 noon	Student Lounge	Cecilia Morales, Manager, Economic and Social Development Department, Inter-American Development Bank	Development Issues in Latin America