<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Further Findings &#187; mcdonald observatory</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/tag/mcdonald-observatory/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 14:00:35 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.4</generator>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
			<item>
		<title>Apollo 11 and the Texas laser rangers</title>
		<link>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2009/07/02/apollo-11-lasers-and-texas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2009/07/02/apollo-11-lasers-and-texas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jul 2009 21:20:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tim Green</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Apollo 11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buzz Aldrin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lunar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lunar laser ranging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mcdonald observatory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nasa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Neil Armstrong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peter Shelus]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/?p=647</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p><em>To mark the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, Further Findings is highlighting ways The University of Texas at Austin and its people touched or were touched by the mission. Know of others? Let us know.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lasershot.jpg"><img src="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lasershot-211x300.jpg" alt="" width="211" height="300" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-661" /></a>Peter Shelus was visiting The University of Texas at Austin campus in 1971, attending an astronomy conference. More important, he was looking for a job.</p>
<p>He was completing a post-doc assignment at the Manned Space Center (now Johnson Space Center) in Houston and job&#8230;</p>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>To mark the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing, Further Findings is highlighting ways The University of Texas at Austin and its people touched or were touched by the mission. Know of others? Let us know.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lasershot.jpg"><img src="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lasershot-211x300.jpg" alt="" width="211" height="300" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-661" /></a>Peter Shelus was visiting The University of Texas at Austin campus in 1971, attending an astronomy conference. More important, he was looking for a job.</p>
<p>He was completing a post-doc assignment at the Manned Space Center (now Johnson Space Center) in Houston and job prospects weren&#8217;t great. NASA was laying off scientists and engineers as the basic Apollo program wound down.</p>
<p>It was a Friday afternoon and Shelus waited for the elevator in the Castilian apartment building. But before the doors opened, Darrell Mulholland from the university approached Shelus and said, &#8220;I hear you&#8217;re looking for a job.&#8221;</p>
<p>Besides a slow elevator, Shelus can also thank Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin for the job he’s had for 38 years.</p>
<p><div id="attachment_653" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 248px"><a href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lunarreflector.gif"><img src="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/lunarreflector-238x300.gif" alt="The retroreflector placed on the moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts." width="238" height="300" class="size-medium wp-image-653" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The retroreflector placed on the moon by the Apollo 11 astronauts.</p></div>During their first moonwalk in July 1969, the Apollo 11 astronauts placed a retroreflector package, a complex mirror system, on the moon’s surface. A laser beam directed from Earth at the retroreflector would bounce off of it and back to Earth. The 240,000-mile round trip takes about 2.5 seconds. Oh, and then there was science to do with the data collected.</p>
<p>Shelus’s job was to process the information coming from the new Lunar Laser Ranging Station at <a href="http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/">McDonald Observatory</a>, the source of the laser beam.</p>
<p>Since then, four other retroreflectors have been placed on the Moon. Two by other Apollo missions 14 and 15 and two French-made mirrors carried to the surface by Soviet Union soft landers.</p>
<p>Now, in a matter of bittersweet timing, The University of Texas at Austin’s role in the lunar laser ranging project is ending as the 40th anniversary of Apollo 11 is marked.</p>
<p>The National Science Foundation (NSF), which provided support for the project when NASA dropped it more than 15 years ago, has notified Shelus that the $135,000 for the <a href="http://www.csr.utexas.edu/mlrs/">McDonald Laser Ranging System</a> (MLRS) won’t be renewed.</p>
<p>“We’re essentially going out of business by probably the end of the calendar year,” Shelus said.</p>
<p>He understands the NSF decision—for the most part.</p>
<p>“We know what the lunar science is, we know the MRLS is on its last legs,” he acknowledged. The system is 20 years old and has had few upgrades.</p>
<p>What’s more, a brand new station is coming online in New Mexico and a French installation will re-open after shutting down for refurbishing.</p>
<p>Still, Shelus would like to keep his project going for another two years to collect data that overlap across the three laser stations.</p>
<p>“I’ve been here since 1971 so I’ve been here almost the entire 40 years. It’s been a fantastic ride,” he said. “We’ve put good data on the table, we’ve kept the experiment going and there are no regrets.”</p>
<p>The precise measurements of the moons orbit enabled a range of science projects.</p>
<p>One of the biggest science accomplishments was to test the Equivalence Principal, one of the fundamental concepts in which Albert Einstein built the General Theory of Relativity.</p>
<p>Among specific findings, according to NASA, the laser ranging project showed that:</p>
<p>• the moon is spiraling away from Earth at a rate of 3.8 centimeters a year because of the Earth&#8217;s ocean tides.</p>
<p>• the moon probably has a liquid core.</p>
<p>• the universal force of gravity is very stable. Newton&#8217;s gravitational constant G has changed less than one part in 100-billion since the laser experiments began.</p>
<p>Just because the Moon will no longer be a target, it doesn’t mean that the Laser Ranging Station is shutting down. Shelus and Jerry Wiant, the project’s engineer, and Randy Ricklefs, the software expert, still have work to do. Ken Harned and Anthony Garcia are observers on the laser.</p>
<p>The station is part of a worldwide network of lasers that bounce laser beams off satellites. What’s more, it will be involved with the two moon missions, <a href="http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/">LCROSS</a> and <a href="http://lro.gsfc.nasa.gov/">LRO</a>, launched by NASA in June.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2009/07/02/apollo-11-lasers-and-texas/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Going to a star party</title>
		<link>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2008/11/14/going-to-a-star-party/</link>
		<comments>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2008/11/14/going-to-a-star-party/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 15 Nov 2008 00:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tim Green</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[astronomy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fort davis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jupiter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mcdonald observatory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[star party]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[telescope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[university of texas at austin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/?p=77</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>The stars at night are big and bright deep … in West Texas, <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/het_dome_chr.jpg"><img src="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/het_dome_chr-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-78" /></a>where <a href="http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/mcdonald.html">McDonald Observatory</a> sits in the Davis Mountains. </p>
<p>My wife and I topped off a trip to <a href="http://www.nps.gov/bibe/">Big Bend National Park</a> by attending a <a href="http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/visitors/programs/">Star Party</a> at the observatory on Nov. 8. We had a quick dinner at a Mexican restaurant in Fort Davis and drove the 17 winding miles to the observatory. We knew we were getting close when we saw two white telescope domes basking in the moonlight.</p>
<p>We&#8230;</p>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The stars at night are big and bright deep … in West Texas, <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/het_dome_chr.jpg"><img src="http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/files/het_dome_chr-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-78" /></a>where <a href="http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/mcdonald.html">McDonald Observatory</a> sits in the Davis Mountains. </p>
<p>My wife and I topped off a trip to <a href="http://www.nps.gov/bibe/">Big Bend National Park</a> by attending a <a href="http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/visitors/programs/">Star Party</a> at the observatory on Nov. 8. We had a quick dinner at a Mexican restaurant in Fort Davis and drove the 17 winding miles to the observatory. We knew we were getting close when we saw two white telescope domes basking in the moonlight.</p>
<p>We were two of the about 230 visitors at the party that night, an unusually high number for that time of year.</p>
<p>The party begins with the group gathered in the dark in the outdoor amphitheater near the visitors center. The temperature was in the 40s, but if you dress appropriately (it&#8217;s about the layers), you&#8217;ll be OK.</p>
<p><a href="http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/research/astronomers/astronomer.php?a_id=30">Frank Cianciolo</a>, senior program coordinator at the Bash Visitors Center at the observatory, started things off with a talk that touched on several celestial subjects and pointed out several heavenly bodies.</p>
<p>He told the story of Perseus and Andromeda and how the ancient Greeks might have employed those constellations and others to depict that tale and others that make up so much of Greek mythology.</p>
<p>He also pointed out the things we would look at through telescopes arrayed outside the visitors center.</p>
<p>They were the Moon, Jupiter, <a href="http://www.seds.org/MESSIER/M/m057.html">the Ring Nebula</a> (Messier 57), the <a href="http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap051011.html">Perseus Double Cluster</a> (NGC 869 and NGC 884) and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_15">Pegasus Cluster</a> (Messier 15).</p>
<p>The Pegasus cluster was the farthest at 33,600 light years away. That means the light that we saw left the cluster 33,600 years and six days ago (as of this posting).</p>
<p>Why were those chosen?</p>
<p>&#8220;We tend to pick those objects that are reasonably large or large enough to show some detail through the telescope,&#8221; Cianciolo said. &#8220;We also pick objects that most folks will have a reasonable chance of being able to see.&#8221;</p>
<p>The staff did a great job of explaining what we were looking at, how far away it was and other questions that might have strained the composure of less patient people.</p>
<p>The longest and slowest line was the one for viewing the moon. That people would linger longer looking at the lunar surface was completely understandable once I got my eye on it. The Moon&#8217;s features could be seen in great detail. </p>
<p>&#8220;With constantly changing patterns of light, the Moon is an infinitely fascinating subject,&#8221; Cianciolo said.</p>
<p>The observatory has offered public viewings since University of Chicago astronomers went to the Fort Davis area to scope out the best peaks for astronomy. The Star Party is one of the observatory&#8217;s many outreach efforts.</p>
<p>It helps that astronomy is a somewhat accessible science: All you have to do is look up.</p>
<p>And a Star Party at McDonald Observatory, away from the big city lights, is a great place to do it.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.utexas.edu/opa/blogs/research/2008/11/14/going-to-a-star-party/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
