Books

1.  The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders.   World Health Organization, Geneva (1992).

2. Brick, J. and Erickson, C.K., Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior: The Pharmacology of Abuse and Dependence . Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY (1999).

3. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) , American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. (2000).

4.   Brick, J., Ed., Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse , The Haworth Press, New York (2004).

5.   Kuhn, C., Swartzwelder, S., and Wilson, W., Buzzed . W.W. Norton & Co., New York, NY

     (2003).

6. Erickson, C.K., The Science of Addiction: From Neurobiology to Treatment . W.W. Norton & Co., New York, NY (2007).

1.    Erickson, C.K. and Wilcox, R.E.: Neurobiological Causes of Addiction, J. Soc. Work Pract. Addict .   1 :7-22 (2001).

2.   Wilcox, R.E. and Erickson, C.K., Commentary - Neurobiological aspects of addictions.  J. Addict. Nurs . 12:117-132 (2001).

3. Wilcox, R.E., Erickson, C.K., Prevention of relapse to addiction: Information for the practitioner.   J. Tex. Med.   100: 51-61 (2004).

1.    Anthony, J.C., Warner, L.A., & Kessler, R.C. (1994).   Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants:   Basic findings from the national comorbidity survey.   Exp. Clin. Psychopharm. , 2, 244-268.

2.    Grant, B.F. and Dawson, D.A., Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence:   Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey.   J. Subst. Abuse 9: 103-110 (1997).

3.    Hasin, D.S., Hatzenbueler, M., Smith, S., Grant, B.F., Co-occurring DSM-IV drug abuse in DSM-IV drug dependence:   Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.   Drug Alc. Depend.   80: 117-123 (2005).

4.   Hughes, J. R., Helzer, J.E., Lindberg, S.A., Prevalence of DSM/ICD-defined nicotine dependence. Drug Alc. Depend. 85:91-102 (2006).

5.    Ridenour, T.A., Maldonado-Molina, M., Compton, W.M., Spitznagel, E.L., Cottler, L.B., Factors associated with the transition from abuse to dependence among substance abusers: Implications for a measure of addictive liability.   Drug Alc. Depend. 80: 1-14 (2005).

6.    Stinson, F.S., Grant, B.F., Dawson, D.A., Ruan, W.J., Huang, B., Saha, T., Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States:   Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.   Drug Alc. Depend.   80: 105-116 (2005).

1.    Cami, J. and Farre, M., Drug addiction.   New Engl. J. Med.   349: 975-86 (2003).

2.   Gianoulakis, C. and Dai, X., Levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma ACTH, cortisol, and beta-endorphin as a function of family history of alcoholism.   Psychopharm.   181: 437-444 (2005).

3.    Koob, G.F., Ahmed, S.H., Boutrel, B., Chen, S.A., Kenny, P.J., Markou, A., O'Dell, L.E., Parsons, L.H., Sanna, P.P., Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence.   Neurosci. Biobeh. Rev. 27: 739-749 (2004).

4.    Leshner, A.I., Addiction is a brain disease.   Science 278: 45-47 (1997).

5.    McAuliffe, P.F., Gold, M.S., Bajpai, L., Merves, M.L., Frost-Pineda, K., Pomm, R.M., Goldberger, B.A., Melker, R.J., and Cendan, J.C., Second-hand exposure to aerosolized intravenous anesthetics propofol and fentanyl may cause sensitization and subsequent opiate addiction among anesthesiologists and surgeons.   Med. Hypoth. (In press, 2006).

6.    McLellan, A.T., Lewis, D.C., O'Brien, C.P., and Kleber, H.D., Drug dependence, a chronic

      medical illness.   J. Am. Med. Assoc. 284: 1689-1695 (2000).

7.    Pertwee, R., G., Inverse agonism and neutral antagonism at cannabinoid CB1 receptors.   Life Sci. 76: 1307-1324 (2005).

8.    Reuter, J., Raedler, T., Rose, M., Hand, I., Glascher, J., and Buchel, C., Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system .   Nature Neurosci. 8: 147-148 (2005).

9.    Robinson, T.E. and Berridge, R.C., The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive-sensitization view.   Addiction 95 (Suppl. 2): S91-S117 (2000).

10.   Sanchis-Segura, C., Borchardt, T., Vengeliene, V., Zghoul, T., Bachteler, D., Gass, P., Sprengel, R., and Spanagel, R., Involvement of the AMPA receptor GluR-C subunit in alcohol-seeking behavior and relapse.   J. Neurosci. 26: 1231-1238 (2006).

11. Wagner, F.A. and Anthony, J.C., From first drug use to drug dependence: Developmental    periods of risk for dependence upon marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol.   Neuropsychopharm. 26: 479-488 (2002).

12. Vanderschuren, L.J.M.J. and Everitt, B.J., Drug seeking becomes compulsive after prolonged cocaine self-administration.   Science 305: 1017-1019 (2004).

13. Volkow, N.D. and Li, T.-K., Drug addiction: The neurobiology of behaviour gone awry.   Nature. Rev./Neurosci. 5: 963-970 (2004).

Treatment of Addictions

1.    Dackis, C.A., Kampman, K.M., Lynch, K.G., Pettinati, H.M., O'Brien, C.P.   A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for cocaine dependence.    Neuropsychopharm. 30: 205-211 (2005).

2.    Grant, J.E., Potenza, M.N., Hollander, E., Cunningham-Williams, R., Nurminen, T., Smits, G., & Kallio, A. (2006).   Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling. Amer. J. Psychiat., 163: 303-312.

3.    Hollander, E., Pallanti, S., Allen, A., Sood, E., and Rossi, N.B., Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders?   Amer. J. Psychiat. 162: 137-145 (2005).

4.    Johnson, B.A., Swift, R.M., Ait-Doud, N., DiClemente, C.C., Javors, M.A., Malcom, R.J., Development of novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol dependence: Focus on antiepileptics. Alc. Clin. Exp. Res.   28: 295-301 (2004).

5.    Kranzler, H.R., Koob, G., Gastfriend, D.R., Swift, R.M., & Willenbring, M.L. (2006).   Advances in the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism:   Challenging misconceptions.     Alc. Clin. Exp. Res., 30, 272-281.

6.    O'Malley, S.S., Rounsaville, B.J., Farren, C., Namkoong, K., Wu, R., Robinson, J., O'Connor, P.G., Initial and maintenance naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence using primary care vs. specialty care.   Arch. Intern. Med.   163: 1695-1704 (2003).

7.    Pentel, P., and Malin, D., A vaccine for nicotine dependence: Targeting the drug rather than the brain.   Respir.   69: 193-197 (2002).

8.    Saitz, R., Unhealthy alcohol use.   New Eng. J. Med. 352: 596-606 (2005).

1.   Alcohol Health & Research World, Alcohol and development in youth: A multidisciplinary overview.   28 (3) (2004/2005), and Focus on young adult drinking 28 (4), (2004/2005).

2.    Alati, R., Al Mamum, A., Williams, G.M., O'Callaghan, M., Najman, J.M., Bor, W., In utero alcohol exposure and prediction of alcohol disorders in early adulthood: a birth cohort study.   Archiv. Gen. Psychiat.   63, 1009-1016 (2006).

3.    Bookstein, F.L., Streissguth, A.P., Connor, P.D., Sampson, P.D., Damage to the human cerebellum from prenatal alcohol exposure: The anatomy of a simple biometrical explanation.   Anat. Rec. B New Anat.   289: 195-209 (2006).

4.    Chambers, R.A., Taylor, J.R., Potenza, M.N.   (2003).   Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: A critical period of addiction vulnerability. Am. J. Psychiat. 160, 1041-1052 (2003).

5.    De Bellis, M.D., Narasimhan, A., Thatcher, D.L., Keshavan, M.S., Soloff, P., Clark, D.B., Prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellar volumes in adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders and comorbid mental disorders. Alc. Clin. Exp. Res. 29: 1590-1600 (2005).

6.    Ehlers, C.L., Phillips, E., Finnerman, G., Gilder, D., Lau, P., Criado, J., P3 components and adolescent binge drinking in Southwest California Indians.   Neurotoxicol. Teratol. (In press, 2006).

7.    Heffernan, T.M., Bartholomew, J., Does excessive alcohol use in teenagers affect their everyday prospective memory?   J. Adolesc. Health 39: 138-140 (2006).

8.    Hingson, R.W., Heeren, T., Winter, M.R., Age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence: Age at onset, duration, and severity.   Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.   160: 739-746 (2006).

9.    Kuperman, S., Schlosser, S.S., Kramer, J.R., Bucholz, K., Hesselbrock, V., Reich, T., & Reich, W. (2001).   Developmental sequence from disruptive behavior diagnosis to adolescent alcohol dependence. Am. J. Psychiat. 158, 2022-2026 (2001).

10. Sher, L., Functional magnetic resonance imaging in studies of neurocognitive effects of alcohol use on adolescents and young adults.   Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health 18: 3-7 (2006).

11.   Tarter, R.E., Kirisci, L., Mezzich, A., Cornelius, J.R., Pajer, K., Vanyukov, M., Gardner, W., Blackson. T., Clark, D.   Neurobiological disinhibition in childhood predicts early age at onset of substance use disorder. Am. J. Psychiat. 160, 1078-1085 (2003).

12.   White, A.M., Swartzwelder, H.S., Hippocampal function during adolescence: A unique target of ethanol effects.   Ann. NY Acad. Sci.   1021: 206-220 (2004).

13.   Winqvist, S., Jokelainen, J., Luukinen, H., Hillbom, M., Adolescents' drinking habits predict later occurrence of traumatic brain injury: 35-year follow-up of the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort.   J. Adolesc. Health 39: 275-277 (2006).

14.   Zeigler, D.W., Wang, C.C., Yoast, R.A., Dickinson, B.D., McCaffree, M.A., Robinowitz, C.B., Sterling, M.L., Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, The neurocognitive effects of alcohol on adolescents and college students.   Prev. Med 40: 23-32 (2005).

1.   Budney, A.J., Hughes, J.R., Moore, B.A., Vandrey, R., Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome.   Am. J. Psychiat. 161: 1967-1977 (2004).

2.   Carroll, C.B., Bain, P.G., Teare, L., Liu, X., Joint, C., Wroath, C., Parkin, S.G., Fox, P., Wright, D., Hobart, J., Zajicek, J.P., Cannabis for dyskinesia in parkinson disease.   Neurol. 63: 1245-1250 (2004).

3. Nehlig, A., Are we dependent upon coffee and caffeine?   A review on human and animal data. Neurosci. Behav. Rev. 23: 563-576 (1999).

4.   Nutt, D.J., Cannabis antagonists: A new era of social psychopharmacology?   J. Psychopharm. 19: 3-4 (2005).

5.    Willens, T.E., Faraone, S.V., Biederman, J., and Gunawardene, S. Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse?   A meta-analytic review of the literature.   Pediatr.   111: 179-185 (2003).

1.   Buchert, R., Thomasius, R., Wilke, F., Petersen, K., Nebeling, B., Obrocki, J., Schulze, O., Schmidt, U., Clausen, M., A voxel-based PET investigation of the long-term effects of "ecstasy" consumption on brain serotonin transporters.   Am. J. Psychiat.    161: 1181-1189 (2004).

2.    Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Marteinsdottir, I., Fischer, H., Pissiota, A., Langstrom, B., and Fredrikson, M., Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral therapy.   Arch. Gen. Psychiat.   59: 425-433 (2002).

3.    Goldapple, K., Segal, Z., Garson, C., Lau, M., Bieling, P., Kennedy, S., and Mayberg, H., Modulation of cortical-limbic pathways in major depression: Treatment-specific cognitive behavior therapy.   Arch. Gen. Psychiat.   61: 34-41 (2004).

4.    Martin, S.D., Martin, E., Rai, S.S., Richardson, M.A., and Royall, R., Brain blood flow changes in depressed patients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy or venlafaxine hydrochloride.   Arch. Gen. Psychiat.   58: 641-648 (2001).

5.   Melamede, R., Cannabis and tobacco smoke are not equally carcinogenic.   Harm Red. J. 2: 21-32 (2005).

6.   Paquette, V., Levesque, J., Mensour, B., Leroux, J. -M., Beaudoin, G., Bourgouin, P., and Beauregard, M., "Change the mind and you change the brain": Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the neural correlates of spider phobia.   NeuroImage 18: 401-409 (2003).

7.   Penades, R., Boget, T., Lomena, F., Mateos, J.J., Catalan, R., Gasto, C., and Salamero, M., Could the hypofrontality pattern in schizophrenia be modified through neuropsychological rehabilitation?   Acta Psychiat. Scand.   105: 202-208 (2002).

8. Volkow, N.D. and Fowler, J.S., Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex.   Cerebral Cortex 10: 318-325 (2000).

9.   Volkow, N.D., Fowler, J.S., and Wang, G. -J., The addicted human brain: Insights from imaging studies.   J. Clin. Invest. 111: 1444-1451 (2003).

10.   Volkow, N.D., Expectation and brain function in drug abuse.   Am. J.   Psychiat. 161:621 (2004).