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3.1 Background
In this chapter we examine measurements and empirical models associated
with land-mobile satellite signal attenuation for scenarios in which a
vehicle is driven along tree-lined roads, where signal degradation is predominantly
due to absorption and scatter from tree canopies. Various models are compared
with one another and with distributions derived directly from measurements.
In particular, we examine the Empirical Roadside Shadowing Model
(ERS) [ITU-R, 1994, Goldhirsh
and Vogel, 1992; Vogel
et al., 1992], Extended Empirical Roadside Shadowing Model (EERS)
[Goldhirsh
and Vogel; 1995a, 1995b],
Empirical Fading Model (EFM) [Parks
et al., 1993a], the Combined Empirical Fading Model (CEFM) [Parks
et al., 1993a], and the Merged Empirical Roadside Shadowing Model
(MERS) [Sforza
et al.; 1993a; 1993b].
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