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9.7 Summary and Recommendations
9.7.1 Fading
Depth Due to Sea Surface Reflections
Figure 9-3 through Figure
9-9 may be used to estimate the multipath fading depth at L-Band (1
to 2 GHz) for the indicated exceedance percentages, antenna gain, and elevation
angle assuming circular polarization. These curves were generated using
the step by step procedure given by (9-15)
through (9-21) for circular polarization.
Horizontal polarization may alternately be employed using the tabulations
of Table 9-1. Vertical polarization
may be employed at elevation angles above 8°. At lower angles, errors
due to Brewster angle effects may arise.
9.7.1 Fading
Depth Durations and Occurrence Intervals
The procedures outlined by (9-28)
through (9-32) may be employed to
establish the bounds of the mean fading occurrence interval and the mean
fading depth for circular polarization at L-Band. Figure
9-12 through Figure 9-14
depict the bounds for the mean fading occurrence interval as a function
of elevation angle at fade exceedance percentages of 99%, 95%, and 90%,
respectively. Figure 9-15
through Figure 9-17 give the
bounds for the mean fade duration intervals as a function of elevation
angle at the same percentages.
9.7.3 Fading Depth Dependence
on Frequency and Significant Wave Height
Figure 9-18 and Figure
9-19 describe the dependence of fading at different frequencies as
a function of significant wave height. Figure
9-18 shows contours of fading depth isopleths at frequencies ranging
from 1 to 10 GHz and significant wave heights up to 3 m. Figure
9-19 gives the fading depths versus significant wave height at 3 GHz,
5 GHz, and 10 GHz derived from Figure
9-18.
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