The influences of race related self-schemata and African American racial identity on physical activity choices and performance; the factors that influence sport and physical activity participation; identity developmental patterns of African Americans; the racial labels ascribed to particular sports and physical activities, and how these labels affect participation, persistence, effort expended, and performance; the ways physical educators and coaches can precipitate changes in the development of self-schemata for sport and physical activities in an effort to erase these racial labels, and broaden the perceived physical activity choices of all students