The research in Dr. Williams' laboratory focuses on formulation development, design of complex drug delivery systems, optimization, and delivery of small organic compounds, peptides, and proteins by a variety of technologies, including depot drug delivery, oral drug delivery and pulmonary/nasal drug delivery. In addition, they have focused on aerosol device technology, and novel analytical methods to quantitate and characterize these technologies. Analytical techniques including cascade impaction, HPLC, GC, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Karl Fisher, laser light diffraction and TLC are routinely used to investigate raw materials and formulations. Significant effort is devoted to research to enhance drug solubility through novel particle engineering technologies.