Possessives for words ending in "s"
I subscribe to the rule that to make a word possessive, you add "apostrophe + s." Even when the word already ends in "s," this is the rule I follow. With a few exceptions (Jesus, Moses, Achilles, etc.), this rule is widely supported in English style guides. See, for example, Garner's Modern American Usage at page 624. So I write--
Schiess's house
my boss's car
Jones's document
Only when the word is plural and possessive do you place the apostrophe outside the "s."
the Schiesses' house
the bosses' cars
the Joneses' documents
But many students and many lawyers I teach do not follow this rule. Their practice is that any time a words ends in "s," you put an apostrophe after the "s" to make it possessive.
Schiess' class
my boss' car
Jones' document
I don't like this, and I have wondered why people do it when it isn't right.
I just figured it out.
Newspapers use and thereby promote this form. (It may be because of the AP Style Manual's recommendation.) So we read the newspaper and learn this incorrect form. Eventually, incorrect usage will predominate and we'll abandon the traditional rule. Or have we already? We already see the practice spreading from words ending in "s" (like Hays below), to words that end in an "s" sound:
Hays' leader
Gonzalez' opinion
the Red Sox' manager
Yuck.


13 Comments:
Good post--and I agree. In writing appellate briefs, however, I sometimes backslide when writing "court of appeals" as a possessive. "The court of appeals's _____" often seems awkward and too attention-grabbing. Other than to rewrite the sentence to avoid the possessive (which tends to create passive voice problems) I haven't come up with a satisfactory solution.
The rule you disfavor is also taught in many primary schools. I'm not sure it's so incorrect.
I have seen the rule stated differently: if the base word is one syllable, the s' form should be preferred over the s's form.
Such a rule prevents such silliness as, "boss's," a word which, when pronounced, must be "Boh-ses-es." The common pronunciation of this word is "Boh-ses;" one can argue the spelling should reflect that. The "Hays" and "Sox" variants you wrote below would appear to follow the same -- who wants to talk about "the Red Sock-ses-es world series?"
Just a contrarian view.
Witness' is used as the possessive form throughout the Federal Rules of Evidence.
I agree and the MUS agrees with you that that is, indeed, the rule. However, I would posit that legal writers ignore this rule in some contexts not because of any influence from journalism's many outlets, but instead simply because it just sounds and looks silly to write, for example, “court of appeals’s.”
Particularly because we are lawyers and not—dare I say “merely”—reporters, it is incumbent upon us to exercise wise and independent judgment in the crafting of our prose with the objective of preventing a furrowing of the brow of the Honorable audience to which we write.
I think this is a losing battle. I get points knocked on papers for doing it the right way sometimes.
When I went to elementary school, they taught us to avoid the construction s's in all cases. Of course, this was in the 70's, when the thought that letting us put commas wherever we paused in speech was a good plan. I done learnified it real good.
The clunky phrasing created with the possessive of court of appeals can be avoided by using the phrase "the appellate court's opinion."
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